THE PEOPLE, Plаintiff and Respondent, v. FRANCISCO BEDOLLA, Defendant and Appellant.
H044681
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
Filed 10/22/18
CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION; (Santa Clara County Super. Ct. No. C1519996)
BACKGROUND
I. CHARGES
The Santa Clara County District Attorney charged Bedolla by information filed on January 11, 2017, with attempted first degree burglary, a felony, committed on
II. EVIDENCE AT TRIAL
A.D., who was then 14 years old, rode his bicycle home from school on October 31, 2014, around 12:30 p.m. He entered the house, locked the door, and went upstairs to his room. He and his 11-year-old brother were the only people at home. About 10 minutes later, A.D. heard knocking at the front door. He ignored it but it became louder so he went downstairs and looked through the front door peephole. He saw a man, later identified as Bedolla, wearing a white t-shirt. A.D. did not know the man, so he returned upstairs and looked out the window for a better view. Another man, wearing a black hoodie, was pacing between the front walkway and the sidewalk. He appeared to be acting as a lookout. Meanwhile, the banging on the front door became louder, like kicking. A.D. heard more than 30 kicks and believed someone was trying to break in. He called his father who told him to call 911.
A City of San Jose police officer arrived at the scene within 30 to 45 seconds of the emergency call. Two men were standing in the driveway of A.D.‘s house. They took off running. The officer intercepted them and detained them at gunpoint. One suspect, later identified as Joseph Mariscal, was wearing a black jacket with a gray hoodie. The other, identified as Bedolla, was wearing a white t-shirt. Officers brought Bedolla and Mariscal to the sidewalk in front of A.D.‘s house for an in-field identification.
The front door of A.D.‘s house was closed when the officers arrived and was visibly damaged. There was white debris on the door mat and splinters from the door, which was “almost рartially open.” The damage was consistent with other burglaries in which the front door had been kicked in. Shoe prints on the door matched the shoes worn by Mariscal.
Bedolla testified that he had taken the day off from work to celebrate Halloween with his cousin in San Jose. A coworker drove him in the morning to his cousin‘s house. The group was drinking and pressured him into joining them. He had beer and about 10 shots, or half a bottle, of cognac. He joined his cousin‘s neighbor, Mariscal, to meet one of Mariscal‘s cousins. They were dropped off near the area where they were later arrested. While they waited for the cousin to pick them up, Bedolla knocked on the door of a neighbor‘s house to trick-or-treat. The neighbor gave him candy.
Bedolla was drunk. He thought he could get more candy. He had seen A.D. ride by on his bicycle and go inside the house. He began knocking on A.D.‘s door. He was confused why no one answered so he knocked a few more times. Mariscal was standing on the sidewalk waiting for the cousin to show up. Bedolla was about to give up and walk off when Mariscal came to the door and started kicking it. Mariscal kicked the door about 10 times using the bottom of his shoe. Bedolla eventually tried to pull him away and told him to stop. They were walking away when Bedolla heard a siren. A police vehicle pulled up and the officer confronted them with his gun drawn. Bedolla was compliant and did not run. He did not intend to burglarize the house and was not casing the neighborhood.
Bedolla admitted that in May 2014 he gave a false name to a police officer, and in October 2013, when he was 16 or 17, he committed a felony nontheft-related crime of
Bedolla‘s stepfather, Jose Ojeda, testified that he had known Bedolla for six years and had worked with him for the last two years. He believеd that Bedolla was honest.
The officer who searched Bedolla did not observe any objective signs of intoxication.
III. JURY INSTRUCTIONS
The trial court instructed the jury on the charged offense of “attempt[ing] to enter an inhabited dwelling house . . . with the intent to commit theft” under two possible theories of liability: as an aider and abettor and/or as a direct perpetrator. The court instructed the jury on the defense of voluntary intoxication under each of these theories. Neither party objected. We review the pertinent instructions in detail in the Discussion section, post.
IV. VERDICT AND SENTENCING
The jury returned a guilty verdict on count 1 and a true finding on the special circumstance allegation. The trial court sentenced Bedolla on April 28, 2017, to one year in county jail. Based on presentence credits (429 days of credit, consisting of 215 actual plus 214 conduct), the court deemed the jail term served. The court placed Bedolla on three years of formal probatiоn and imposed fines and fees.
Bedolla timely appealed.
DISCUSSION
Bedolla argues that his conviction for attempted first degree burglary should be reversed because the trial court (1) prejudicially misinstructed the jury on the voluntary intoxication defense and (2) admitted improper impeachment evidence. He also challenges the special circumstance allegation, which the People agree must be stricken.
I. SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCE ALLEGATION
The information charged Bedolla with attempted first degree burglary and alleged that a person not an accomplice was present in the residence during the commission of the attempted burglary, within the meaning of
The jury found the special circumstance allegation to be true. Bedolla argues the
The parties are correct that the allegation was improperly sustained. The plain meaning of
As Bedolla points out, the evidence at trial supported only attempted first degree burglary, because the kicking of the front door while A.D. was home damaged the door but did not result in entry into the home. (Cf.
II. VOLUNTARY INTOXICATION INSTRUCTIONS
A. Background
Evidence of voluntary intoxication is generally admissible on the issue of whether a defendant formed the specific intent required for the crime charged. (
To find Bedolla guilty as an aider and abettor, the trial court instructed the jury that the prosecution must prove that Bedolla knew that Mariscal intended to commit burglary and intended to aid and abet Mariscal in committing burglary. The court then gave the corresponding instruction on voluntary intoxication based on CALCRIM No. 404: “If you conclude that the defendant was intoxicated at the time of the alleged crime, you may consider this evidence in deciding whether the defendant, A, knew that Joseph Mariscal intended to commit burglary; and, B, intended to aid and abet Joseph Mariscal in committing burglary.”4
Next, the trial court instructed that to find Bedolla guilty of attempted burglary, the prosecution must prove in relevant part that Bedolla “took a direct but ineffective step toward committing burglary” and “intended to commit burglary.” The court defined burglary as entry into a building “with the intent to commit theft” and separately defined theft as the taking of property owned by someone else without the owner‘s consent and with the intent “to deprive the owner of it permanently . . . .” Thе court again gave a corresponding voluntary intoxication instruction, this time based on CALCRIM No. 3426: “You may consider evidence, if any, of the defendant‘s voluntary intoxication only in a limited way. You may consider that evidence only in deciding whether the defendant acted with the intent to commit theft. [¶] . . . [¶] In connection with the charge of attempted burglary, the People have the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant acted with the intent to commit theft. If the People have not met this burden, you must find the defendant not guilty of attempted burglary.” (Italics added.)5
Outside the presence of the jury and before issuing the jury instructions, the trial court explained that it would give the additional instruction for voluntary intoxication (CALCRIM No. 3426) based on “testimony by defendant he was intoxicated[,] so the jury can consider that.” It informed the parties that the court would “include the appropriate intent and the appropriate charge,” which it identified as “the intent is to enter the building with the intent to commit theft,” noting that there was a separate instruction to define theft. Defense counsel sought clarification but did not object to the proposed instruction.
B. Contentions
Bedolla contends that the instruction for the jury to consider the intoxication evidence “only in deciding whether the defendant acted with the intent to commit theft” (CALCRIM No. 3426) conflicted with the earlier instruction based on CALCRIM No. 404 and prevented the jury from fully considering his defense, violating his due process rights under the Fourteenth Amendment. He argues that the jury should have considered evidence of intoxication as a defense (1) to the knowledge and intent
The People respond that Bedolla‘s failure to object to the instruction forfeits the claim on appeal, which in any event fails because the instructions did not conflict and the jury would not have misunderstood them as Bedolla asserts.
C. Analysis
Bedolla relies on the principle that the appellate court may review “any instruction given, refused or modified, even though no objection was made thereto in the lower court, if the substantial rights of the defendant were affected thereby.” (
We are not persuaded that such a contradiction affecting substantial rights occurred here. In Hillhouse, the challenged instruction told the jury that motive was not an element of the various crimes charged (murder, robbery, and kidnapping for robbery) and need not be shown. (Hillhouse, supra, 27 Cal.4th at p. 503.) The defendant argued on appeal that motive was an element of those crimes. The Supreme Court reasoned that if the defendant had been correct (though he was not), the instruction “would have contradicted other instructions regarding the elements of the crimes.” (Ibid.)
Here, the asserted error is not a contradiction “regarding the elements of the crimes.” (Hillhouse, supra, 27 Cal.4th at p. 503.) The trial court properly instructed the jury on the prosecution‘s burden to establish guilt as an aider and abettor based on CALCRIM No. 401. Bedolla does not contend that CALCRIM No. 3426 undermined or contradicted CALCRIM No. 401 on the conditions of aider and abettor liability, but rather that it negated the CALCRIM No. 404 instruction regarding the jury‘s ability to consider intoxication as a defense to the mental state required for guilt as an aider and abettor.6 The defense-specific claim is not analogous to the contradiction in Hillhouse concerning motive as a disputed element of the crimes charged.
Bedolla‘s claim also fails on the merits.
The standard of review for a claim of instructional error is well settled. ” ‘If a jury instruction is ambiguous, we inquire whether there is a reasonable likelihood that the jury misunderstood and misapplied the instruction.’ ” (People v. Young (2005) 34 Cal.4th 1149, 1202 (Young).) We determine the correctness of the instructions ” ‘from the entire charge of the court, not from a consideration of parts of an instruction or from a particular instruction.’ ” (People v. Castillo (1997) 16 Cal.4th 1009, 1016 (Castillo); accord Young,
Regarding the defense of voluntary intoxication, we “review the instructions as a whole to determine whether it is ‘reasonably likely the jury misconstrued the instructions as precluding it from considering’ the intoxication evidence in deciding aiding and abetting liability. [Citation.] Any error would have the effect of excluding defense evidence and is thus subject to the usual standard for state law error: ‘the court must reverse only if it also finds a reasonable probability the error affected the verdict adversely to defendant.’ ” (Mendoza, supra, 18 Cal.4th at pp. 1134-1135.)
The California Supreme Court‘s analysis of similar claims in cases like Castillo and People v. Hughes (2002) 27 Cal.4th 287 (Hughes) helps guide our analysis.
Castillo involved a claim that the voluntary intoxication instruсtion erroneously prevented the jury from considering evidence of intoxication on the question of premeditation. (Castillo, supra, 16 Cal.4th at p. 1015.) The court found that while the jury instruction referred only to “the ‘specific intent to kill’ . . . without also referring to the mental states of premeditation and deliberation” (id. at pp. 1016-1017), the trial court had separately instructed that voluntary intoxication could be considered in determining the mental state required. (id. at p. 1017.) Considered as a whole, these instructions were sufficient to avert misunderstanding, because “[n]o reasonable juror would understand the instructions to permit the jury to consider intoxication in determining whether defendant specifically intended to kill but to prohibit it from considering that same intoxication in determining whether he premeditated and deliberated.” (Ibid.)
In Hughes, the defendant asserted that an erroneous instruction ” ‘eviscerated’ ” his voluntary intoxication defense to charges of murder, robbery, and burglary. (Hughes,
The Hughes court recognized that the first instruction was “potentially misleading” (Hughes, supra, 27 Cal.4th at p. 341) but found it did not “pose[] a substantial risk of actually misleading the jury into believing that” it was precluded from considering what was the defendant‘s primary defense at trial. (Ibid.) The court reasonеd that the closing arguments of counsel “emphasized, implicitly and explicitly, the correct interpretation of both instructions . . . .” (Ibid.) The court also observed that given the evidence presented to the jury for its consideration, it was not “reasonably ‘likely the jury was “misled to defendant‘s prejudice” ’ or that the jury would have understood [the instruction] to operate in the manner asserted” by the defendant. (Ibid.)
In our case, the theories of liability presented to the jury depended upon distinct mental states. Guilt as an aider and abettor required the jury to find that Bedolla knew that Mariscal intended to commit burglary and intended to help him (CALCRIM No. 401), but if the jury concluded that Bedolla was intoxicated at the time of the attempted burglary, it could “consider” that evidence in deciding whether he had the requisite knowledge of Mariscal‘s purpose and intent to aid and abet him (CALCRIM No. 404). Guilt as a direct perpetrator required the jury to find that Bedolla intended to commit burglary, defined by the court as entry into a building with the intent to commit
Viewing the instructions “as a whole” (Mendoza, supra, 18 Cal.4th at p. 1134) and with due consideration for the jurors’ capability to ” ’ ” ‘understand[] and correlat[e]’ ” ’ ” them (People v. Guerra, supra, 37 Cal.4th at p. 1148), we find it is not reasonably likely that the jury would have misconstrued CALCRIM No. 3426 as Bedolla contends. The direction to consider evidence of voluntary intoxication “only in a limited way” and “only in deciding whether the defendant acted with the intent to commit theft” was set amid the instructions on the direct perpetrator thеory of guilt. A CALCRIM No. 200 instruction emphasized the jury‘s mandate to “[p]ay careful attention to all of these instructions and consider them together” and to apply the “ordinary[,] everyday meanings” to words and phrases not specifically defined in the instructions. It is evident from the final sentence of CALCRIM No. 3426 that the direction for the jury to apply any intoxication evidence only to the “intent to commit theft” was “[i]n connection with the charge of attempted burglary” as a direct perpetrator. A contrary understanding would have required the jury to disregard both the ” ‘entire charge of the court’ ” (Castillo, supra, 16 Cal.4th at p. 1016) and the context for the limiting language in CALCRIM No. 3426.
Just as “[n]o reasonable juror” in Castillo would have understood instructions to permit the consideration of intoxication in deciding one type of mental state but not another (Castillo, supra, 16 Cal.4th at pp. 1016-1017), we find it would strain credulity
The fact that there was a commonsense, noncontradictory way to read the instructions distinguishes this case from others cited by Bedolla. (See, e.g., People v. Lewelling (2017) 16 Cal.App.5th 276, 296-299 [inaccurate instructions grossly misled jury about the definition of a key element in the case, leading to multiple questions from jurors]; LeMons v. Regents of University of California (1978) 21 Cal.3d 869, 872 [instruction entirely not supported in evidence may have misled jury].)
Here, the prosecutor‘s closing argument also reinforced a correct understanding of the instructions by stating that if the jurors could not find Bedolla guilty of the attempted burglary as a direct perpetrator, they should “proceed to a new series in the jury instructions, and those are the aiding and abetting instructions, and that instruction starts off at number 400 in the list that you‘ll be provided in the jury room.” (Young, supra, 34 Cal.4th at p. 1202 [appellate court “must consider the arguments of counsel in assessing the probable impact of the instruction on the jury“].) This argument highlighted the jury‘s ability to separately consider Bedolla‘s knowledge and intent to aid and abet, and diminished any possibility of confusion about the applicability of CALCRIM No. 404 by referring the jury to the “number 400” set of instructions. (People v. Garceau (1993) 6 Cal.4th 140, 189 [parties’ closing arguments diminished any possibility of confusion about conspiracy instruction], disapproved on another point in People v. Yeoman (2003) 31 Cal.4th 93, 117-118.)
At the same time, defense counsel‘s closing argument made only one reference to the evidence of Bedolla‘s intoxication (which was notably contradicted by the police officer‘s testimony) and made no reference to the intoxication instructions.7 The fact that
Bedolla‘s defense at trial did not actually rely on the intoxication defense reduced the likelihood that any purported conflict between the intoxication instructions “posed a substantial risk of actually misleading the jury . . . .” (Hughes, supra, 27 Cal.4th at p. 341.)
Like in Hughes, the combined effect of the jury instructions, explicit and implicit arguments of counsel, and nature of the evidence itself, supports our conclusion that it was not reasonably likely that the jury misunderstood or misapplied the challenged instructions to the defendant‘s prejudice. (Hughes, supra, 27 Cal.4th at p. 341; see Mendoza, supra, 18 Cal.4th at pp. 1134-1135 [defining prejudice based on the erroneous exclusion of defense evidence as requiring ” ‘a reasonable probability the error affected the verdict adversely to defendant’ “].) Accordingly, we find no reversible error and need not address Bedolla‘s constitutional claims.
III. IMPEACHMENT FOR CARRYING A LOADED FIREARM IN PUBLIC
Bedolla challenges the admission of impeachment evidence based upon a prior juvenile adjudication, which the trial court sanitized to refer to a “felony nontheft-related crime of moral turpitude.” He contends that the underlying offense was not a crime of moral turpitude, and the references to “moral turpitude” and “nontheft-related” invited the jurors to speculate about the nature of the offense and Bedolla‘s character. According to Bedolla, the admission of this impeachment evidence violated his due process rights by permitting the jury to consider improper evidence.
A. Procedural Background
The prosecutor moved in limine to impeach Bedolla with a prior misdemeanor conviction from 2014 for providing false identification to a peace officer (
As for the juvenile adjudication, the court initially denied the motion under
The prosecutor then suggested that the court allow a sanitized reference to the offense as a crime of moral turpitude but without mention of a weapon. The court agreed that sanitizing the evidence would avoid the risk of prejudice. Defense counsel objected that such “generalized wording” might encourage the jury to speculate in other ways about the nature of the underlying offense, including the possibility that it “could be anything from child molest to arson to theft.” After further discussion with counsel, the
Defense counsel elicited testimony during Bedolla‘s direct examination that in 2013, when he was 16 or 17, he admitted to a felony nontheft-related crime, and in 2014 he gave a false name to a police officer. The prosecutor cross-examined Bedolla about the false identification offense, asking several times whether he had lied to a police officer “to avoid accepting responsibility for something you‘d done wrong; right?” When Bedolla continued to deny lying to avоid responsibility, the prosecutor asked whether he also had committed a felony nontheft-related crime of moral turpitude, which Bedolla admitted.
B. The Offense Involves Moral Turpitude
“Past criminal conduct involving moral turpitude that has some logical bearing on the veracity of a witness in a criminal proceeding is admissible to impeach, subject to the court‘s discretion under
We are aware of no published case deciding if carrying a loaded firearm on the person or in a vehicle while in a public place, in violation of
Aguilar addressed the admissibility of impeachment evidence based on a prior felony conviction for carrying a concealed firearm in a vehicle in violation of
Bedolla posits that Aguilar is distinguishable because it features a concealed weapons offense. It is the element of concealment, according to Bedolla, that drives the moral turpitude analysis in Aguilar. To emphasize the distinction between concealment and possession, Bedolla cites In re Charles G. (2017) 14 Cal.App.5th 945 (Charles G.). In that case, the court held that a minor can be convicted of both possessing a firearm that
We are not persuaded that carrying a loaded firearm in a public place carries any less taint of moral turpitude than concealing a firearm—loaded or not—on one‘s person or in a vehicle. Bedolla‘s effort to distinguish the offense at issue from one involving concealment does not answer whether a violation of
Under
We agree with Bedolla that carrying a loaded firearm in public does not imply dishonesty in the manner of concealment. But “moral turpitude does not depend on dishonesty being an element of the felony.” (People v. Mansfield (1988) 200 Cal.App.3d 82, 87, citing People v. Castro, supra, 38 Cal.3d at p. 315 (Castro).) What matters is the
We believe that this reading of the potential risk to the public addressed by
Against this backdrop, it is not difficult to conclude that the risks attached to the conduct prohibited by
Our high court in Castro answered that question by revisiting the “precise progression of inferences” (Castro, supra, 38 Cal.3d at p. 314) that justifies using a prior conviction involving moral turpitude to impeach a witness’ credibility. It recited reasoning offered by Justice Holmes over a century ago: ” ‘[W]hen it is proved that a witness has beеn convicted of crime, the only ground for disbelieving him which such proof affords is the general readiness to do evil which the conviction may be supposed to show. It is from that general disposition alone that the jury is asked to infer a readiness to lie in a particular case, and thence that he has lied in fact.’ ” (Ibid.) Thus, according to
The court in Castro further acknowledged that it is more difficult to infer that a witness is lying when, as here, the prior conviction does not involve “dishonesty as a necessary element” and “merely indicates a ‘bad character’ and ‘general readiness to do evil.’ ” (Castro, supra, 38 Cal.3d at p. 315.) Still, it called it “undeniable that a witness’ moral depravity of any kind has some ‘tendency in reason’ (
Subsequent decisions of the California Supreme Court have reinforced the linkage between moral turpitude and California‘s standard of relevance for impeachment evidence. As stated in People v. Wheeler (1992) 4 Cal.4th 284, 296, “the admissibility of any past misconduct for impeachment is limited at the outset by the relevance requirement of moral turpitude.” For this reason, a prior criminal conviction involving moral turpitude will be considered at least minimally relevant to the witness’ credibility. (People v. Collins, supra, 42 Cal.3d at p. 389 [a conviction is inadmissible under Castro if it does not necessarily involve moral turpitude].) In People v. Robinson (2005) 37 Cal.4th 592, the court reaffirmed the connection between moral turpitude and relevance for impeachment by stating that the misdemeanor convictions “reflected a crime of moral turpitude and therefore were relevant to the witnesses’ honesty and veracity.” (id. at p. 626, italics added; see also Wheeler, supra, 4 Cal.4th at p. 295 [“[m]isconduct involving moral turpitude may suggest a willingness to lie . . . .“].)
In sum, the determination that a prior criminal act is a crime of moral turpitude is tantamount to finding that it may be used for impeachment, subject as always to the trial court‘s discretion to exclude the evidence under
C. The Trial Court Did Not Abuse its Discretion in Admitting the Sanitized Impeachment Evidence
The trial court has broad discretion in determining the admissibility of evidence. (Harris, supra, 37 Cal.4th at p. 337.) “A trial court‘s ruling to admit or exclude evidence offered for impeachment is reviewed for abuse of discretion and will be upheld unless the trial court ‘exercised its discretion in an arbitrary, capricious, or patently absurd manner that resulted in a manifest miscarriage of justice.’ ” (People v. Ledesma (2006) 39 Cal.4th 641, 705 (Ledesma).) The erroneous admission of evidence to impeach a witness’ credibility is harmless if after a review of the entire record demonstrates “it is not reasonably probable that a result more favorable to defendant would have occurred in the absence of error.” (Castro, supra, 38 Cal.3d at p. 319.)
The trial court in this case cited several reasons for initially deciding to exclude the evidence of Bedolla‘s prior juvenile adjudication. Primary among these was the risk of prejudice to Bedolla that could have arisen from the jury‘s knowledgе that the prior offense involved a weapon. The court admitted the prior adjudication for impeachment only after the parties agreed to remove any reference to a firearm and to specify the offense was nontheft-related, in response to defense counsel‘s concern that the jury might speculate about the nature of the prior offense.
Bedolla argues that the terminology “felony nontheft-related crime of moral turpitude” was highly suggestive and invited the jurors to speculate about the nature of his “moral turpitude.” He contends that but for the trial court‘s admission of the “sanitized” yet “loaded” reference to a prior felony, the jury might have dismissed Bedolla‘s impeachment with the section 148.9 false identification offense as an isolated incident of youthful indiscretion.
We find no abuse of discretion. Bedolla‘s credibility was at issue because the nature of his defense was to deny any knowledge of or intent to commit a burglary. This increased the relevance of Bedolla‘s having admitted to a crime involving moral turpitude
Even if error did occur, we find the prejudice to Bedolla was minimal or nonexistent. The jury instruction that jurors may consider the fact that a witness has committed a crime or other misconduct “only in evaluating the credibility of the witness’ testimony” mitigated the likеlihood of improper speculation about the nature of the unspecified crime of moral turpitude. Also, the prosecutor attacked Bedolla‘s credibility from several angles at trial but devoted only a single question to confirm Bedolla‘s admission to the felony nontheft-related crime of moral turpitude. In closing argument, the prosecutor never referenced the prior juvenile adjudication, instead emphasizing other vulnerabilities in Bedolla‘s testimony such as his “unique vantage point” getting to see all the evidence and “fill in any gaps,” that he “changed his story many times,” that his testimony was uncorroborated, and that he “also admitted lying to a police officer a few months before committing this crime . . . .”
Given the range of credibility challenges that Bedolla suffered and the scant attention paid by both sides to his prior juvenile adjudication, we find it highly unlikely “that a result more favorable to defendant would have occurred” (Castro, supra, 38 Cal.3d at p. 319) if thе trial court had excluded the sanitized reference to Bedolla‘s prior violation of
The judgment is modified to strike the true finding on
Premo, J.
WE CONCUR:
Greenwood, P.J.
Grover, J.
People v. Bedolla
H044681
| Trial Court: | Santa Clara County Superior Court Superior Court No. C1519996 |
| Trial Judge: | Hon. Julia Alloggiamento |
| Counsel for Plaintiff/Respondent: The People | Xavier Becerra Attorney General Gerald A. Engler Chief Assistant Attorney General Jeffrey M. Laurence Senior Assistant Attorney General Eric D. Share Supervising Deputy Attorney General Melissa A. Meth Deputy Attorney General |
| Counsel for Defendant/Appellant: Francisco Bedolla | Under appointment by the Court of Appeal Nancy Susan Brandt |
People v. Bedolla
H044681