State v. Labrum, 318 P.3d 1151

Labrum was convicted of assault enhanced to a class A misdemeanor for causing substantial bodily injury to Wife on March 6, 2011.
State sought to introduce three prior domestic-violence incidents as Rule 404(b) evidence to rebut self-defense and provide context.
Trial court admitted the three prior incidents after a hearing, balancing probative value against unfair prejudice under Rule 403.
Wife testified to extensive facial injuries and protracted swelling lasting over two weeks, supported by photographs.
Labrum testified he acted instinctively in self-defense and disputed the prior incidents and their relevance.
Jury ultimately found Labrum guilty as charged and the court sentenced him to jail and probation.

Issue	Plaintiff's Argument	Defendant's Argument	Held
admissibility of other acts evidence under Rule 404(b)	Labrum claims 404(b) evidence lacks proper purpose and is prejudicial.	Labrum contends acts are probative only of character and should be excluded.	Admissible for proper noncharacter purposes; probative and not unduly prejudicial.
sufficiency of evidence for substantial bodily injury	State argues injuries included protracted pain and temporary disfigurement.	Labrum asserts injuries do not meet substantial bodily injury standard.	Evidence supports substantial bodily injury under Utah law; reasonable minds could find disfigurement/pain.

State v. Verde, 296 P.3d 673 (Utah 2012) (frames rule 404(b) analysis and emphasis on proper vs. improper inferences)
State v. Decorso, 993 P.2d 837 (Utah 1999) (three-step 404(b) analysis framework)
State v. Nelson-Waggoner, 6 P.3d 1120 (Utah 2000) (establishes proper-purpose and relevance steps for 404(b))
State v. Marchet, 219 P.3d 75 (Utah 2009) (admissibility balancing for prior acts and context)
State v. Reed, 8 P.3d 1025 (Utah 2000) (relevance and prejudice considerations for similar prior acts)