Wyo. Code R. 053-0008-4
OSHA - Construction 1926
Chapter 4: Environmental Safety
Effective Date: 04/08/1996 to 06/16/1997
Rule Type: Superceded Rules & Regulations
Reference Number: 053.0008.4.04081996
Appendix A to Section 1926.60 Substance Data Sheet, for 4-4'-Methylenedianiline
MDA
Appendix D to Section 1926.60 Sampling and Analytical Methods for MDA Monitoring and Measurement Procedures
Appendix E to Section 1926.60 Qualitative and Quantitative Fit Testing Procedures
Authority: Sec. 107, Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (Construction Safety Act) (40 U.S.C. 333); sec. 4, 6, 8 Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657); Secretary of Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8754), 8-76 (41 FR 25059), 9-83 (48 FR 35736) or 1-90 (55 FR 9033) as applicable.
Sections 1926.58, 1926.59, and 1926.60 also issued under 5 U.S.C. 553 and 29 CFR part 1911.
[54 FR 27346, July 20, 1988; 55 FR 47687, Dec. 10, 1990; 57 FR 42452, Sept 14, 1992]
1926.50 Medical services and first aid. STD 1-8.2
(a) The employer shall insure the availability of medical personnel for advice and consultation on matters of occupational health. STEP (b) Provisions shall be made prior to commencement of the project for prompt medical attention in case of serious injury. STEP
(c) In the absence of an infirmary, clinic, hospital, or physician, that is reasonably accessible in terms of time and distance to the worksite, which is available for the treatment of injured employees, a person who has a valid certificate in first-aid training from the U.S. Bureau of Mines, the American Red Cross, or equivalent training that can be verified by documentary evidence, shall be available at the worksite to render first aid.
STEP
(d)
(1) First-aid supplies approved by the consulting physician shall be easily accessible when required. STEP
(2) The first-aid kit shall consist of materials approved by the consulting physician in a weatherproof container with individual sealed packages for each type of item. The contents of the first-aid kit shall be checked by the employer before being sent out on each job and at least weekly on each job to ensure that the expended items are replaced.
STEP
(e) Proper equipment for prompt transportation of the injured person to a physician or hospital, or a communication system for contacting necessary ambulance service, shall be provided. STEP
(f) The telephone numbers of the physicians, hospitals, or ambulances shall be conspicuously posted. STEP
(The information collection requirements contained in paragraph (f) were approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1218-0093.)
(g) Where the eyes or body of any person may be exposed to injurious corrosive materials, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body shall be provided within the work area for immediate emergency use.
[44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 49 FR 18295, Apr 30, 1984]
1926.51 Sanitation.
(a) Potable water.
(1) An adequate supply of potable water shall be provided in all places of employment. STEP (2) Portable containers used to dispense drinking water shall be capable of being tightly closed, and equipped with a tap. Water shall not be dipped from containers. STEP
(3) Any container used to distribute drinking water shall be clearly marked as to the nature of its contents and not used for any other purpose. STEP
(4) The common drinking cup is prohibited. STEP
(5) Where single service cups (to be used but once) are supplied, both a sanitary container for the unused cups and a receptacle for disposing of the used cups shall be provided. STEP
(6) Potable water means water which meets the quality standards prescribed in the U.S. Public Health Service Drinking Water Standards, published in 42 CFR part 72, or water which is approved for drinking purposes by the State or local authority having jurisdiction.
(b) Nonpotable water.
(1) Outlets for nonpotable water, such as water for industrial or firefighting purposes only, shall be identified by signs meeting the requirements of Subpart G of this part, to indicate clearly that the water is unsafe and is not to be used for drinking, washing, or cooking purposes. STEP
(2) There shall be no cross-connection, open or potential, between a system furnishing potable water and a system furnishing nonpotable water. STEP
(c) Toilets at construction jobsites.
(1) Toilets shall be provided for employees according to the following table: STEP
Table D-1
| Number of employees | : | |
|---|---|---|
| : | ||
| 20 or less...: | 1. | |
| 20 or more...: | 1 toilet seat and 1 urinal per 40 workers. |
200 or more...: 1 toilet seat and 1 urinal per 50 workers.
(2) Under temporary field conditions, provisions shall be made to assure not less than one toilet facility is available. STEP
(3) Job sites, not provided with a sanitary sewer, shall be provided with one of the following toilet facilities unless prohibited by local codes: STEP
(i) Privies (where their use will not contaminate ground or surface water);
(ii) Chemical toilets;
(iii) Recirculating toilets;
(iv) Combustion toilets.
(4) The requirements of this paragraph (c) for sanitation facilities shall not apply to mobile crews having transportation readily available to nearby toilet facilities.
(d) Food handling.
(1) All employees' food service facilities and operations shall meet the applicable laws, ordinances, and regulations of the jurisdictions in which they are located. STEP
(2) All employee food service facilities and operations shall be carried out in accordance with sound hygienic principles. In all places of employment where all or part of the food service is provided, the food dispensed shall be wholesome, free from spoilage, and shall be processed, prepared, handled, and stored in such a manner as to be protected against contamination.
(e) Temporary sleeping quarters. When temporary sleeping quarters are provided, they shall be heated, ventilated, and lighted. STEP
(f) Washing facilities.
(1) The employer shall provide adequate washing facilities for employees engaged in the application of paints, coating, herbicides, or insecticides, or in other operations where contaminants may be harmful to the employees. Such facilities shall be in near proximity to the worksite and shall be so equipped as to enable employees to remove such substances. STEP
(2) General. Washing facilities shall be maintained in a sanitary condition.
(i) Lavatories shall be made available in all places of employment. The requirements of this subdivision do not apply to mobile crews or to normally unattended work locations if employees working at these locations have transportation readily available to nearby washing facilities which meet the other requirements of this paragraph.
(ii) Each lavatory shall be provided with hot and cold running water, or tepid running water.
(iii) Hand soap or similar cleansing agents shall be provided.
(iv) Individual hand towels or sections thereof, of cloth or paper, warm air blowers or clean individual sections of continuous cloth toweling, convenient to the lavatories, shall be provided.
(i) Whenever showers are required by a particular standard, the showers shall be provided in accordance with paragraphs (f)(4) (ii) through (v) of this section.
(ii) One shower shall be provided for each 10 employees of each sex, or numerical fraction thereof, who are required to shower during the same shift.
(iii) Body soap or other appropriate cleansing agents convenient to the showers shall be provided as specified in paragraph (f)(3)(iii) of this section.
(iv) Showers shall be provided with hot and cold water feeding a common discharge line.
(v) Employees who use showers shall be provided with individual clean towels.
(g) Eating and drinking areas. No employee shall be allowed to consume food or beverages in a toilet room nor in any area exposed to a toxic material.
(h) Vermin control. Every enclosed workplace shall be so constructed, equipped, and maintained, so far as reasonably practicable, as to prevent the entrance or harborage of rodents, insects, and other vermin. A continuing and effective extermination program shall be instituted where their presence is detected.
(i) Change rooms. Whenever employees are required by a particular standard to wear protective clothing because of the possibility of contamination with toxic materials, change rooms equipped with storage facilities for street clothes and separate storage facilities for the protective clothing shall be provided.
(a) Protection against the effects of noise exposure shall be provided when the sound levels exceed those shown in Table D-2 of this section when measured on the A-scale of a standard sound level meter at slow response. STEP
(b) When employees are subjected to sound levels exceeding those listed in Table D-2 of this section, feasible administrative or engineering controls shall be utilized. If such controls fail to reduce sound levels within the levels of the table, personal protective equipment as required in Subpart E, shall be provided and used to reduce sound levels within the levels of the table. STEP
(c) If the variations in noise level involve maxima at intervals of 1 second or less, it is to be considered continuous.
(d)
(1) In all cases where the sound levels exceed the values shown herein, a continuing, effective hearing conservation program shall be administered. STEP
TABLE D-2 - PERMISSIBLE NOISE EXPOSURES
| Duration per day, hours | : Sound level : dBA slow : response |
|---|---|
| 8 | 90 |
| 6 | 92 |
| 4 | 95 |
| 3 | 97 |
| 2 | 100 |
| 1 1/2 | 102 |
| 1 | 105 |
| 1/2 | 110 |
| 1/4 or less | 115 |
(2)
(i) When the daily noise exposure is composed of two or more periods of noise exposure of different levels, their combined effect should be considered, rather than the individual effect of each. Exposure to different levels for various periods of time shall be computed according to the formula set forth in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section.
(ii) $F(e)=(T(1)\text{divided by } L(1))+(T(2)\text{divided by } L(2))+ \dots + (T(n)\text{ divided by } L(n))$
where:
$F(e)$ = The equivalent noise exposure factor.
$T$ = The period of noise exposure at any essentially constant level.
$L$ = The duration of the permissible noise exposure at the constant level (from Table D-2).
If the value of $F(e)$ exceeds unity (1) the exposure exceeds permissible levels.
(iii) A sample computation showing an application of the formula in paragraph (d)(2)(ii) of this section is as follows. An employee is exposed at these levels for these periods:
110 db A 1/4 hour.
100 db A 1/2 hour.
90 db A 1 1/2 hours.
$F(e)=(1/4 \text{ divided by } 1/2)+(1/2 \text{ divided by } 2)+(1\ 1/2 \text{ divided by } 8)$
$F(e)=0.500+0.25+0.188$
$F(e)=0.938$
Since the value of $F(e)$ does not exceed unity, the exposure is within permissible limits.
(e) Exposure to impulsive or impact noise should not exceed 140 dB peak sound pressure level. STEP
1926.53 Ionizing radiation.
(a) In construction and related activities involving the use of sources of ionizing radiation, the pertinent provisions of the Atomic Energy Commission's Standards for Protection Against Radiation (10 CFR Part 20), relating to protection against occupational radiation exposure, shall apply.
(b) Any activity which involves the use of radioactive materials or X-rays, whether or not under license from the Atomic Energy Commission, shall be performed by competent persons specially trained in the proper and safe operation of such equipment. In the case of materials used under Commission license, only persons actually licensed, or competent persons under direction and supervision of the licensee, shall perform such work. STEP
(c) Definitions applicable to this section.
(1) 'Radiation' includes alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, X-rays, neutrons, high-speed electrons, high-speed protons, and other atomic particles; but such term does not include sound or radio waves, or visible light, or infrared or ultraviolet light.
(2) 'Radioactive material' means any material which emits, by spontaneous nuclear disintegration, corpuscular or electromagnetic emanations.
(3) 'Restricted area' means any area access to which is controlled by the employer for purposes of protection of individuals from exposure to radiation or radioactive materials.
(4) 'Unrestricted area' means any area access to which is not controlled by the employer for purposes of protection of individuals from exposure to radiation or radioactive materials.
(5) 'Dose' means the quantity of ionizing radiation absorbed, per unit of mass, by the body or by any portion of the body. When the provisions in this section specify a dose during a period of time, the dose is the total quantity of radiation absorbed, per unit of mass, by the body or by any portion of the body during such period of time. Several different units of dose are in current use. Definitions of units used in this section are set forth in paragraphs (a) (6) and (7) of this section.
(6) 'Rad' means a measure of the dose of any ionizing radiation to body tissues in terms of the energy absorbed per unit of mass of the tissue. One rad is the dose corresponding to the absorption of 100 ergs per gram of tissue (1 millirad (mrad)=0.001 rad).
(7) 'Rem' means a measure of the dose of any ionizing radiation to body tissue in terms of its estimated biological effect relative to a dose of 1 roentgen (r) of X-rays (1 millirem (mrem)=0.001 rem). The relation of the rem to other dose units depends upon the biological effect under consideration and upon the conditions for irradiation. Each of the following is considered to be equivalent to a dose of 1 rem:
(i) A dose of 1 roentgen due to X- or gamma radiation;
(ii) A dose of 1 rad due to X-, gamma, or beta radiation;
(iii) A dose of 0.1 rad due to neutrons or high energy protons;
(iv) A dose of 0.05 rad due to particles heavier than protons and with sufficient energy to reach the lens of the eye;
(v) If it is more convenient to measure the neutron flux, or equivalent, than to determine the neutron dose in rads, as provided in subdivision (iii) of this subparagraph, 1 rem of neutron radiation may, for purposes of the provisions in this section be assumed to be equivalent to 14 million neutrons per square centimeter incident upon the body; or, if there is sufficient information to estimate with reasonable accuracy the approximate distribution in energy of the neutrons, the incident number of neutrons per square centimeter equivalent to 1 rem may be estimated from Table G-17:
TABLE D-53.1 - NEUTRON FLUX DOSE EQUIVALENTS
| Neutron energy (million electron volts (Mev)) | Number of neutrons per square centimeter equivalent to a dose of 1 rem (neutrons/cm(2)) | Average flux to deliver 100 millirem in 40 hours (neutrons/cm(2) per sec) |
|---|---|---|
| Thermal | 970 X 10(6) | 670 |
| 0.0001 | 720 X 10(6) | 500 |
| 0.005 | 820 X 10(6) | 570 |
| 0.02 | 400 X 10(6) | 280 |
| 0.1 | 120 X 10(6) | 80 |
| 0.5 | 43 X 10(6) | 30 |
| 1.0 | 26 X 10(6) | 18 |
| 2.5 | 29 X 10(6) | 20 |
| 5.0 | 26 X 10(6) | 18 |
| 7.5 | 24 X 10(6) | 17 |
| 10 | 24 X 10(6) | 17 |
| 10 to 30 | 14 X 10(6) | 10 |
(8) For determining exposures to X- or gamma rays up to 3 Mev., the dose limits specified in this section may be assumed to be equivalent to the "air dose". For the purpose of this section "air dose" means that the dose is measured by a properly calibrated appropriate instrument in air at or near the body surface in the region of the highest dosage rate.
(d) Exposure of individuals to radiation in restricted areas.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, no employer shall possess, use, or transfer sources of ionizing radiation in such a manner as to cause any individual in a restricted area to receive in any period of one calendar quarter from sources in the employer's possession or control a dose in excess of the limits specified in Table G-18:
TABLE D-53.2
| : Rems per calendar | |
|---|---|
| : quarter | |
| : | |
| Whole body: Head and trunk; active blood-forming organs; lens of eyes; or gonads... | 1 1/4 |
| Hands and forearms; feet and ankles... | 18 3/4 |
| Skin of whole body... | 7 1/2 |
| : |
(2) An employer may permit an individual in a restricted area to receive doses to the whole body greater than those permitted under subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, so long as:
(i) During any calendar quarter the dose to the whole body shall not exceed 3 rems; and
(ii) The dose to the whole body, when added to the accumulated occupational dose to the whole body, shall not exceed 5 (N-18) rems, where 'N' equals the individual's age in years at his last birthday; and
(iii) The employer maintains adequate past and current exposure records which show that the addition of such a dose will not cause the individual to exceed the amount authorized in this subparagraph. As used in this subparagraph 'Dose to the whole body' shall be deemed to include any dose to the whole body, gonad, active bloodforming organs, head and trunk, or lens of the eye.
(3) No employer shall permit any employee who is under 18 years of age to receive in any period of one calendar quarter a dose in excess of 10 percent of the limits specified in Table G-18.
(4) 'Calendar quarter' means any 3-month period determined as follows:
(i) The first period of any year may begin on any date in January:
Provided, That the second, third, and fourth periods accordingly begin on the same date in April, July, and October, respectively, and that the fourth period extends into January of the succeeding year, if necessary to complete a 3-month quarter. During the first year of use of this method of determination, the first period for that year shall also include any additional days in January preceding the starting date for the first period; or
(ii) The first period in a calendar year of 13 complete, consecutive calendar weeks; the second period in a calendar year of 13 complete, consecutive weeks; the third period in a calendar year of 13 complete, consecutive calendar weeks; the fourth period in a calendar year of 13 complete, consecutive calendar weeks. If at the end of a calendar year there are any days not falling within a complete calendar week of that year, such days shall be included within the last complete calendar week of that year. If at the beginning of any calendar year there are days not falling within a complete calendar week of that year, such days shall be included within the last complete calendar week of the previous year; or
(iii) The four periods in a calendar year may consist of the first 14 complete, consecutive calendar weeks; the next 12 complete, consecutive calendar weeks, the next 14 complete, consecutive calendar weeks, and the last 12 complete, consecutive calendar weeks. If at the end of a calendar year there are any days not falling within a complete calendar week of that year, such days shall be included (for purposes of this section) within the last complete calendar week of the year. If at the beginning of any calendar year there are days not falling within a complete calendar week of that year, such days shall be included (for purposes of this section) within the last complete week of the previous year.
(e) Exposure to airborne radioactive material.
(1) No employer shall possess, use or transport radioactive material in such a manner as to cause any employee, within a restricted area, to be exposed to airborne radioactive material in an average concentration in excess of the limits specified in Table 1 of Appendix B to 10 CFR Part 20. The limits given in Table 1 are for exposure to the concentrations specified for 40 hours in any workweek of 7 consecutive days. In any such period where the number of hours of exposure is less than 40, the limits specified in the table may be increased proportionately. In any such period where the number of hours of exposure is greater than 40, the limits specified in the table shall be decreased proportionately.
(2) No employer shall possess, use, or transfer radioactive material in such a manner as to cause any individual within a restricted area, who is under 18 years of age, to be exposed to airborne radioactive material in an average concentration in excess of the limits specified in Table II of Appendix B to 10 CFR Part 20. For purposes of this paragraph, concentrations may be averaged over periods not greater than 1 week.
(3) 'Exposed' as used in this paragraph means that the individual is present in an airborne concentration. No allowance shall be made for the use of protective clothing or equipment, or particle size.
(f) Precautionary procedures and personal monitoring.
(1) Every employer shall make such surveys as may be necessary for him to comply with the provisions in this section. 'Survey' means an evaluation of the radiation hazards incident to the production, use, release, disposal, or presence of radioactive materials or other sources of radiation under a specific set of conditions. When appropriate, such evaluation includes a physical survey of the location of materials and equipment, and measurements of levels of radiation or concentrations of radioactive material present.
(2) Every employer shall supply appropriate personnel monitoring equipment, such as film badges, pocket chambers, pocket dosimeters, or film rings, and shall require the use of such equipment by:
(i) Each employee who enters a restricted area under such circumstances that he receives, or is likely to receive, a dose in any calendar quarter in excess of 25 percent of the applicable value specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section; and
(ii) Each employee under 18 years of age who enters a restricted area under such circumstances that he receives, or is likely to receive, a dose in any calendar quarter in excess of 5 percent of the applicable value specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section; and
(iii) Each employee who enters a high radiation area.
(3) As used in this section:
(i) 'Personnel monitoring equipment' means devices designed to be worn or carried by an individual for the purpose of measuring the dose received (e.g., film badges, pocket chambers, pocket dosimeters, film rings, etc.);
(ii) 'Radiation area' means any area, accessible to personnel, in which there exists radiation at such levels that a major portion of the body could receive in any 1 hour a dose in excess of 5 millirem, or in any 5 consecutive days a dose in excess of 100 millirem; and
(iii) 'High radiation area' means any area, accessible to personnel, in which there exists radiation at such levels that a major portion of the body could receive in any one hour a dose in excess of 100 millirem.
(g) Caution signs, labels, and signals (1) General.
(i) Symbols prescribed by this paragraph shall use the conventional radiation caution colors (magenta or purple on yellow background). The symbol prescribed by this paragraph is the conventional three-bladed design:
(For Figure G-10, see printed copy)
(2) Radiation area. Each radiation area shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol described in subparagraph (1) of this paragraph and the words:
CAUTION
RADIATION AREA
(3) High radiation area.
(i) Each high radiation area shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol and the words:
CAUTION
HIGH RADIATION AREA
(ii) Each high radiation area shall be equipped with a control device which shall either cause the level of radiation to be reduced below that at which an individual might receive a dose of 100 millirems in 1 hour upon entry into the area or shall energize a conspicuous visible or audible alarm signal in such a manner that the individual entering and the employer or a supervisor of the activity are made aware of the entry. In the case of a high radiation area established for a period of 30 days or less, such control device is not required.
(4) Airborne radioactivity area.
(i) As used in the provisions of this section, 'airborne radioactivity area' means:
(a) Any room, enclosure, or operating area in which airborne radioactive materials, composed wholly or partly of radioactive material, exist in concentrations in excess of the amounts specified in column 1 of Table 1 of Appendix B to 10 CFR Part 20 or
(b) Any room, enclosure, or operating area in which airborne radioactive materials exist in concentrations which, averaged over the number of hours in any week during which individuals are in the area, exceed 25 percent of the amounts specified in column 1 of Table 1 of Appendix B to 10 CFR Part 20.
(ii) Each airborne radioactivity area shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol described in paragraph (e)(1) of this section and the words:
CAUTION
AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY AREA
(5) Additional requirements.
(i) Each area or room in which radioactive material is used or stored and which contains any radioactive material (other than natural uranium or thorium) in any amount exceeding 10 times the quantity of such material specified in Appendix C to 10 CFR Part 20 shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol described in paragraph (e)(1) of this section and the words:
CAUTION
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(ii) Each area or room in which natural uranium or thorium is used or stored in an amount exceeding 100 times the quantity of such material specified in 10 CFR Part 20 shall be conspicuously posted with a sign or signs bearing the radiation caution symbol described in paragraph (e)(1) of this section and the words:
CAUTION
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(6) Containers.
(i) Each container in which is transported, stored, or used a quantity of any radioactive material (other than natural uranium or thorium) greater than the quantity of such material specified in Appendix C to 10 CFR Part 20 shall bear a durable, clearly visible label bearing the radiation caution symbol described in paragraph (e)(1) of this section and the words:
CAUTION
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(ii) Each container in which natural uranium or thorium is transported, stored, or used in a quantity greater than 10 times the quantity specified in Appendix C to 10 CFR Part 20 shall bear a durable, clearly visible label bearing the radiation caution symbol described in paragraph (e)(1) of this section and the words:
(iii) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs (e)(6) (i) and (ii) of this section a label shall not be required:
(a) If the concentration of the material in the container does not exceed that specified in column 2 of Table 1 of Appendix B to 10 CFR Part 20, or
(b) For laboratory containers, such as beakers, flasks, and test tubes, used transiently in laboratory procedures, when the user is present.
(iv) Where containers are used for storage, the labels required in this subparagraph shall state also the quantities and kinds of radioactive materials in the containers and the date of measurement of the quantities.
(h) Immediate evacuation warning signal
(1) Signal characteristics.
(i) The signal shall be a midfrequency complex sound wave amplitude modulated at a subsonic frequency. The complex sound wave in free space shall have a fundamental frequency (f(1)) between 450 and 500 hertz (Hz) modulated at a subsonic rate between 4 and 5 hertz.
(ii) The signal generator shall not be less than 75 decibels at every location where an individual may be present whose immediate, rapid, and complete evacuation is essential.
(iii) A sufficient number of signal units shall be installed such that the requirements of paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this section are met at every location where an individual may be present whose immediate, rapid, and complete evacuation is essential.
(iv) The signal shall be unique in the plant or facility in which it is installed.
(v) The minimum duration of the signal shall be sufficient to insure that all affected persons hear the signal.
(vi) The signal-generating system shall respond automatically to an initiating event without requiring any human action to sound the signal.
(i) The signal-generating system shall be designed to incorporate components which enable the system to produce the desired signal each time it is activated within one-half second of activation.
(ii) The signal-generating system shall be provided with an automatically activated secondary power supply which is adequate to simultaneously power all emergency equipment to which it is connected, if operation during power failure is necessary, except in those systems using batteries as the primary source of power.
(iii) All components of the signal-generating system shall be located to provide maximum practicable protection against damage in case of fire, explosion, corrosive atmosphere, or other environmental extremes consistent with adequate system performance.
(iv) The signal-generating system shall be designed with the minimum number of components necessary to make it function as intended, and should utilize components which do not require frequent servicing such as lubrication or cleaning.
(v) Where several activating devices feed activating information to a central signal generator, failure of any activating device shall not render the signal-generator system inoperable to activating information from the remaining devices.
(vi) The signal-generating system shall be designed to enhance the probability that alarm occurs only when immediate evacuation is warranted. The number of false alarms shall not be so great that the signal will come to be disregarded and shall be low enough to minimize personal injuries or excessive property damage that might result from such evacuation.
(i) Initial tests, inspections, and checks of the signal-generating system shall be made to verify that the fabrication and installation were made in accordance with design plans and specifications and to develop a thorough knowledge of the performance of the system and all components under normal and hostile conditions.
(ii) Once the system has been placed in service, periodic tests, inspections, and checks shall be made to minimize the possibility of malfunction.
(iii) Following significant alterations or revisions to the system, tests and checks similar to the initial installation tests shall be made.
(iv) Tests shall be designed to minimize hazards while conducting the tests.
(v) Prior to normal operation the signal-generating system shall be checked physically and functionally to assure reliability and to demonstrate accuracy and performance. Specific tests shall include:
(a) All power sources.
(b) Calibration and calibration stability.
(c) Trip levels and stability.
(d) Continuity of function with loss and return of required services such as AC or DC power, air pressure, etc.
(e) All indicators.
(f) Trouble indicator circuits and signals, where used.
(g) Air pressure (if used)
(h) Determine that sound level of the signal is within the limit of paragraph (f)(1)(ii) of this section at all points that require immediate evacuation.
(vi) In addition to the initial startup and operating tests, periodic scheduled performance tests and status checks must be made to insure that the system is at all times operating within design limits and capable of the required response. Specific periodic tests or checks or both shall include:
(a) Adequacy of signal activation device.
(b) All power sources.
(c) Function of all alarm circuits and trouble indicator circuits including trip levels.
(d) Air pressure (if used).
(e) Function of entire system including operation without power where required.
(f) Complete operational tests including sounding of the signal and determination that sound levels are adequate.
(vii) Periodic tests shall be scheduled on the basis of need, experience, difficulty, and disruption of operations. The entire system should be operationally tested at least quarterly.
(viii) All employees whose work may necessitate their presence in an area covered by the signal shall be made familiar with the actual sound of the signal-preferably as it sounds at their work location. Before placing the system into operation, all employees normally working in the area shall be made acquainted with the signal by actual demonstration at their work locations.
(i) Exceptions from posting requirements. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (e) of this section:
(1) A room or area is not required to be posted with a caution sign because of the presence of a sealed source, provided the radiation level 12 inches from the surface of the source container or housing does not exceed 5 millirem per hour.
(2) Rooms or other areas in onsite medical facilities are not required to be posted with caution signs because of the presence of patients containing radioactive material, provided that there are personnel in attendance who shall take the precautions necessary to prevent the exposure of any individual to radiation or radioactive material in excess of the limits established in the provisions of this section.
(3) Caution signs are not required to be posted at areas or rooms containing radioactive materials for periods of less than 8 hours: Provided, That
(i) The materials are constantly attended during such periods by an individual who shall take the precautions necessary to prevent the exposure of any individual to radiation or radioactive materials in excess of the limits established in the provisions of this section; and
(ii) Such area or room is subject to the employer's control.
(j) Exemptions for radioactive materials packaged for shipment. Radioactive materials packaged and labeled in accordance with regulations of the Department of Transportation published in 49 CFR Chapter I, are exempt from the labeling and posting requirements of this subpart during shipment, provided that the inside containers are labeled in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (e) of this section.
(k) Instruction of personnel, posting.
(1) Employers regulated by the Atomic Energy Commission shall be governed by 10 CFR Part 20 standards. Employers in a State named in paragraph (p)(3) of this section shall be governed by the requirements of the laws and regulations of that State. All other employers shall be regulated by the following:
(2) All individuals working in or frequenting any portion of a radiation area shall be informed of the occurrence of radioactive materials or of radiation in such portions of the radiation area; shall be instructed in the safety problems associated with exposure to such materials or radiation and in precautions or devices to minimize exposure; shall be instructed in the applicable provisions of this section for the protection of employees from exposure to radiation or radioactive materials; and shall be advised of reports of radiation exposure which employees may request pursuant to the regulations in this section.
(3) Each employer to whom this section applies shall post a current copy of its provisions and a copy of the operating procedures applicable to the work conspicuously in such locations as to insure that employees working in or frequenting radiation areas will observe these documents on the way to and from their place of employment, or shall keep such documents available for examination of employees upon request.
(l) Storage of radioactive materials. Radioactive materials stored in a non-radiation area shall be secured against unauthorized removal from the place of storage.
(m) Waste disposal. No employer shall dispose of radioactive material except by transfer to an authorized recipient, or in a manner approved by the Atomic Energy Commission or a State named in paragraph (p)(3) of this section.
(1) Immediate notification. Each employer shall immediately notify the Assistant Secretary of Labor or his duly authorized representative, for employees not protected by the Atomic Energy Commission by means of 10 CFR Part 20; paragraph (p)(2) of this section, or the requirements of the laws and regulations of States named in paragraph (p)(3) of this section, by telephone or telegraph of any incident involving radiation which may have caused or threatens to cause:
(i) Exposure of the whole body of any individual to 25 rems or more of radiation; exposure of the skin of the whole body of any individual to 150 rems or more of radiation; or exposure of the feet, ankles, hands, or forearms of any individual to 375 rems or more of radiation; or
(ii) The release of radioactive material in concentrations which, if averaged over a period of 24 hours, would exceed 5,000 times the limit specified for such materials in Table II of Appendix B to 10 CFR Part 20.
(2) Twenty-four hour notification. Each employer shall within 24 hours following its occurrence notify the Assistant Secretary of Labor or his duly authorized representative for employees not protected by the Atomic Energy Commission by means of 10 CFR Part 20; paragraph (p)(2) of this section, or the requirements of the laws and applicable regulations of States named in paragraph (p)(3) of this section, by telephone or telegraph of any incident involving radiation which may have caused or threatens to cause:
(i) Exposure of the whole body of any individual to 5 rems or more of radiation; exposure of the skin of the whole body of any individual to 30 rems or more of radiation; or exposure of the feet, ankles, hands, or forearms to 75 rems or more of radiation; or
(o) Reports of overexposure and excessive levels and concentrations.
(1) In addition to any notification required by paragraph (1) of this section each employer shall make a report in writing within 30 days to the Assistant Secretary of Labor or his duly authorized representative, for employees not protected by the Atomic Energy Commission by means of 10 CFR Part 20; or under paragraph (p)(2) of this section, or the requirements of the laws and regulations of States named in paragraph (p)(3) of this section, of each exposure of an individual to radiation or concentrations of radioactive material in excess of any applicable limit in this section. Each report required under this paragraph shall describe the extent of exposure of persons to radiation or to radioactive material; levels of radiation and concentration of radioactive material involved, the cause of the exposure, levels of concentrations; and corrective steps taken or planned to assure against a recurrence.
(2) In any case where an employer is required pursuant to the provisions of this paragraph to report to the U.S. Department of Labor any exposure of an individual to radiation or to concentrations of radioactive material, the employer shall also notify such individual of the nature and extent of exposure. Such notice shall be in writing and shall contain the following statement: 'You should preserve this report for future reference.'
(p) Records.
(1) Every employer shall maintain records of the radiation exposure of all employees for whom personnel monitoring is required under paragraph (d) of this section and advise each of his employees of his individual exposure on at least an annual basis.
(2) Every employer shall maintain records in the same units used in tables in paragraph (b) of this section and Appendix B to 10 CFR Part 20.
(q) Disclosure to former employee of individual employee's record.
(1) At the request of a former employee an employer shall furnish to the employee a report of the employee's exposure to radiation as shown in records maintained by the employer pursuant to paragraph (n)(1) of this section. Such report shall be furnished within 30 days from the time the request is made, and shall cover each calendar quarter of the individual's employment involving exposure to radiation or such lesser period as may be requested by the employee. The report shall also include the results of any calculations and analysis of radioactive material deposited in the body of the employee. The report shall be in writing and contain the following statement: 'You should preserve this report for future reference.' (r) Atomic Energy Commission licensees - AEC contractors operating AEC plants and facilities - AEC Agreement State licensees or registrants.
(1) Any employer who possesses or uses source material, byproduct material, or special nuclear material, as defined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, under a license issued by the Atomic Energy Commission and in accordance with the requirements of 10 CFR Part 20 shall be deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of this section with respect to such possession and use.
(2) AEC contractors operating AEC plants and facilities: Any employer who possesses or uses source material, byproduct material, special nuclear material, or other radiation sources under a contract with the Atomic Energy Commission for the operation of AEC plants and facilities and in accordance with the standards, procedures, and other requirements for radiation protection established by the Commission for such contract pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 as amended (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), shall be deemed to be in compliance with the requirements of this section with respect to such possession and use.
(3) AEC-agreement State licensees or registrants:
(i) Atomic Energy Act sources. Any employer who possesses or uses source material, byproduct material, or special nuclear material, as defined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), and has either registered such sources with, or is operating under a license issued by, a State which has an agreement in effect with the Atomic Energy Commission pursuant to section 274(b) (42 U.S.C. 2021(b)) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and in accordance with the requirements of that State's laws and regulations shall be deemed to be in compliance with the radiation requirements of this section, insofar as his possession and use of such material is concerned, unless the Secretary of Labor, after conference with the Atomic Energy Commission, shall determine that the State's program for control of these radiation sources is incompatible with the requirements of this section. Such agreements currently are in effect only in the States of Alabama, Arkansas, California, Kansas, Kentucky, Florida, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Texas, Tennessee, Oregon, Idaho, Arizona, Colorado, Louisiana, Nebraska, Washington, Maryland, North Dakota, South Carolina, and Georgia.
(ii) Other sources. Any employer who possesses or uses radiation sources other than source material, byproduct material, or special nuclear material, as defined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), and has either registered such sources with, or is operating under a license issued by a State which has an agreement in effect with the Atomic Energy Commission pursuant to section 274(b) (42 U.S.C. 2021(b)) of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and in accordance with the requirements of that State's laws and regulations shall be deemed to be in compliance with the radiation requirements of this section, insofar as his possession and use of such material is concerned, provided the State's program for control of these radiation sources is the subject of a currently effective determination by the Assistant Secretary of Labor that such program is compatible with the requirements of this section. Such determinations currently are in effect only in the States of Alabama, Arkansas, California, Kansas, Kentucky, Florida, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New York, North Carolina, Texas, Tennessee, Oregon, Idaho, Arizona, Colorado, Louisiana, Nebraska, Washington, Maryland, North Dakota, South Carolina, and Georgia.
(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1218-0103)
[39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49746, Oct. 24, 1978; 43 FR 51759, Nov. 7, 1978; 49 FR 18295, Apr. 30, 1984]
1926.54 Nonionizing radiation.
(a) Only qualified and trained employees shall be assigned to install, adjust, and operate laser equipment. STEP
(b) Proof of qualification of the laser equipment operator shall be available and in possession of the operator at all times. STEP
(c) Employees, when working in areas in which a potential exposure to direct or reflected laser light greater than 0.005 watts (5 milliwatts) exists, shall be provided with antilaser eye protection devices as specified in Subpart E of this part. STEP
(d) Areas in which lasers are used shall be posted with standard laser warning placards. STEP
(e) Beam shutters or caps shall be utilized, or the laser turned off, when laser transmission is not actually required. When the laser is left unattended for a substantial period of time, such as during lunch hour, overnight, or at change of shifts, the laser shall be turned off. STEP
(f) Only mechanical or electronic means shall be used as a detector for guiding the internal alignment of the laser. STEP
(g) The laser beam shall not be directed at employees. STEP
(h) When it is raining or snowing, or when there is dust or fog in the air, the operation of laser systems shall be prohibited where practicable; in any event, employees shall be kept out of range of the area of source and target during such weather conditions. STEP
(i) Laser equipment shall bear a label to indicate maximum output. STEP
(j) Employees shall not be exposed to light intensities above:
(1) Direct staring: 1 micro-watt per square centimeter; STEP
(2) Incidental observing: 1 milliwatt per square centimeter; STEP
(3) Diffused reflected light: 2 1/2 watts per square centimeter. STEP
(k) Laser unit in operation should be set up above the heads of the employees, when possible. STEP
(l) Employees shall not be exposed to microwave power densities in excess of 10 milliwatts per square centimeter. STEP
1926.55 Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists.
(a) Exposure of employees to inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption, or contact with any material or substance at a concentration above those specified in the 'Threshold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants for 1970' of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, shall be avoided. See Appendix A to this section.
STEP
(b) To achieve compliance with paragraph (a) of this section, administrative or engineering controls must first be implemented whenever feasible. When such controls are not feasible to achieve full compliance, protective equipment or other protective measures shall be used to keep the exposure of employees to air contaminants within the limits prescribed in this section. Any equipment and technical measures used for this purpose must first be approved for each particular use by a competent industrial hygienist or other technically qualified person. Whenever respirators are used, their use shall comply with 1926.103. STEP
(c) Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to the exposure of employees to airborne asbestos dust. Whenever any employee is exposed to airborne asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite dust, the requirements of 1910.1101 or 1926.58 of this title shall apply.
(d) Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to the exposure of employees to formaldehyde. Whenever any employee is exposed to formaldehyde, the requirements of 1910.1048 of this title shall apply.
Appendix A to 1926.55 - 1970 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists' Threshold Limit Values of Airborne Contaminants
| PEL(1) Skin Designation | 200 ppm(a) - | 360 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Acetic acid PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 64-19-7 10 ppm(a) - | 25 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Acetic anhydride PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 108-24-7 5 ppm(a) - | 20 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Acetone(h) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 67-64-1 1000 ppm(a) - | 2400 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Note:The acetone TWA has been stayed for certain 'doffers' in the cellulose acetate fiber industry until Sept. 1, 1990 and until the decision on the merits of the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals in case No. 89-7073. (FR 54:36767, Sept. 5, 1989) | ||
| Acetonitrile PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 75-05-8 40 ppm(a) - | 70 mg/m(3)(b) |
| 2-Acetylaminofluorine; see 1910.1014 | CAS NO(c): 53-96-3 | |
| Acetylene dichloride; see 1,1-Dichloroethylene | ||
| Acetylene tetrabromide PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 79-27-6 1 ppm(a) - | 14 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) CAS NO(c): 50-78-2 PEL(1) Skin Designation | - - - | - |
| Acrolein | CAS NO(c): 107-02-8 |
| PEL(1) Skin Designation | 0.1 ppm(a) - | 0.25 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Acrylamide PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 79-06-1 - X | 0.3 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Acrylic acid PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 79-10-7 - - | - |
| Acrylonitrile; see 1910.1045 | CAS NO(c): 107-13-1 | |
| Aldrin PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 309-00-2 - X | 0.25 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Allyl alcohol PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 107-18-6 2 ppm(a) X | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Allyl chloride PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 107-05-1 1 ppm(a) - | 3 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 106-92-3 (C)10 ppm(a) - | (C)45 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Allyl propyl disulfide PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 2179-59-1 2 ppm(a) - | 12 mg/m(3)(b) |
| alpha-Alumina Total dust PEL(1) | CAS NO(c): 1344-28-1 - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
|---|---|---|
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Aluminum (as Al) Metal | CAS NO(c): 7429-90-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| Total dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Pyro Powders | ||
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Welding Fumes | ||
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| As determined from breathing-zone air samples. | ||
| Soluble Salts | ||
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Alkyls | ||
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
4-Aminodiphenyl; CAS NO(c): 92-67-1 see 1910.1011
2-Aminoethanol; see Ethanolamine
| 2-Aminopyridine | CAS NO(c): 504-29-0 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 0.5 ppm(a) | 2 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Amitrole | CAS NO(c): 61-82-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Ammonia PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 7664-41-7 50 ppm(a) - | 35 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Ammonium chloride fume PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 12125-02-9 - - | - - |
| Ammonium sulfamate Total dust PEL(1) Skin Designation Respirable fraction PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 7773-06-0 - - - - - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| n-Amyl acetate PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 628-63-7 100 ppm(a) - | 525 mg/m(3)(b) |
| sec-Amyl acetate PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 626-38-0 125 ppm(a) - | 650 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Aniline and homologs PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 62-53-3 5 ppm(a) X | 19 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Anisidine (o-,p-isomers) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 29191-52-4 - X | 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Antimony and compounds (as Sb) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 7440-36-0 - - | 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| ANTU (alpha Naphthylthiourea) PEL(1) | CAS NO(c): 86-88-4 - | 0.3 mg/m(3)(b) |
Skin Designation -
Arsenic, organic compounds (as As) CAS NO(c): 7440-38-2 PEL(1) - 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) Skin Designation -
Arsenic, inorganic compounds (as As); CAS NO(c): Varies with compound
Arsine CAS NO(c): 7784-42-1 PEL(1) 0.05 ppm(a) 0.2 mg/m(3)(b) Skin Designation -
Asbestos; CAS NO(c): Varies see 1910.0110 and 1910.1001
Atrazine CAS NO(c): 1912-24-9 PEL(1) - - Skin Designation -
Azinphos-metyl CAS NO(c): 86-50-0 PEL(1) - 0.2 mg/m(3)(b) Skin Designation X
Barium, soluble compounds (as Ba) CAS NO(c): 7440-39-3 PEL(1) - 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) Skin Designation -
Barium sulfate CAS NO(c): 7727-43-7 Total dust PEL(1) - 15 mg/m(3)(b) Skin Designation - Respirable fraction PEL(1) - 5 mg/m(3)(b) Skin Designation -
Benomyl CAS NO(c): 17804-35-2 Total dust
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m3(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
Benzene;(d) CAS NO(c): 71-43-2 See 1910.1028 See Table Z-2 for the limits applicable in the operations or sectors excluded in 1910.1028(d)
Benzidine; CAS NO(c): 92-87-5 See 1910.1010
p-Benzoquinone; see Quinone
Benzo(a)pyrene; see Coal tar pitch volatiles
| Benzoyl peroxide | CAS NO(c): 94-36-0 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Benzyl chloride | CAS NO(c): 100-44-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 1 ppm(a) | 5 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
Beryllium and beryllium compounds (as Be) CAS NO(c): 7440-41-7 PEL(1) Tbl. Z-2 Skin Designation
Biphenyl; see Diphenyl
Bismuth telluride, Undoped CAS NO(c): 1304-82-1 Total dust
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Bismuth telluride, Se-doped | ||
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Borates, tetra, sodium salts | ||
| Anhydrous | CAS NO(c): 1330-43-4 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Decahydrate | CAS NO(c): 1303-96-4 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Pentahydrate | CAS NO(c): 12179-04-3 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Boron oxide | CAS NO(c): 1303-86-2 | |
| Total dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Boron tribromide | CAS NO(c): 10294-33-4 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Boron trifluoride | CAS NO(c): 7637-07-2 | |
| PEL(1) | (C)1 ppm(a) | (C)3 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Bromacil | CAS NO(c): 314-40-9 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Bromine | CAS NO(c): 7726-95-6 |
| PEL(1) Skin Designation | 0.1 ppm(a) - | 0.7 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Bromine pentafluoride PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 7789-30-2 - - | - |
| Bromoform PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 75-25-2 0.5 ppm(a) X | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Butadiene (1,3-Butadiene) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 106-99-0 1000 ppm(a) - | 2200 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Butane PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 106-97-8 - - | - |
| Butanethiol; see Butyl mercaptan | ||
| 2-Butanone (Methyl ethyl ketone) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 78-93-3 200 ppm(a) - | 590 mg/m(3)(b) |
| 2-Butoxyethanol PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 111-76-2 50 ppm(a) X | 240 mg/m(3)(b) |
| n-Butyl-acetate PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 123-86-4 150 ppm(a) - | 710 mg/m(3)(b) |
| sec-Butyl acetate PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 105-46-4 200 ppm(a) - | 950 mg/m(3)(b) |
| tert-Butyl-acetate | CAS NO(c): 540-88-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 200 ppm(a) | 950 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Butyl acrylate | CAS NO(c): 141-32-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| n-Butyl alcohol | CAS NO(c): 71-36-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 300 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| sec-Butyl alcohol | CAS NO(c): 78-92-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 150 ppm(a) | 450 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| tert-Butyl alcohol | CAS NO(c): 75-65-0 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 300 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Butylamine | CAS NO(c): 109-73-9 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | (C)5 ppm(a) | (C)15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| tert-Butyl chromate (as CrO(3)) | CAS NO(c): 1189-85-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | (C)0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| n-Butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) | CAS NO(c): 2426-08-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 50 ppm(a) | 270 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| n-Butyl lactate | CAS NO(c): 138-22-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Butyl mercaptan | CAS NO(c): 109-79-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 10 ppm(a) | 35 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| o-sec-Butylphenol | CAS NO(c): 89-72-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| p-tert-Butyltoluene | CAS NO(c): 98-51-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 10 ppm(a) | 60 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
Cadmium fume (as Cd) CAS NO(c): 7440-43-9 Cadmium; see 1910.1027. See Table Z-2 for the exposure limits for any operations or sectors where the exposure limits in 1910.1027 are stayed or otherwise not in effect.
Cadmium dust (as Cd) CAS NO(c): 7440-43-9 Cadmium; see 1910.1027. See Table Z-2 for the exposure limits for any operations or sectors where the exposure limits in 1910.1027 are stayed or otherwise not in effect.
| Calcium Carbonate | CAS NO(c): 1317-65-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| Total dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Calcium cyanamide | CAS NO(c): 156-62-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Calcium hydroxide(i) | CAS NO(c): 1305-62-0 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Calcium oxide(j) | CAS NO(c): 1305-78-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium Silicate | CAS NO(c): 1344-95-2 | |
| Total dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Calcium sulfate | CAS NO(c): 7778-18-9 | |
| Total dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Camphor, synthetic | CAS NO(c): 76-22-2 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Caprolactam | CAS NO(c): 105-60-2 | |
| Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Vapor | ||
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Captafol (Difolatan(R)) | CAS NO(c): 2425-06-1 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Captan | CAS NO(c): 133-06-2 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Carbaryl (Sevin(R)) | CAS NO(c): 63-25-2 |
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m3(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Carbofuran (Furadan (R)) | CAS NO(c): 1563-66-2 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Carbon black | CAS NO(c): 1333-86-4 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 3.5 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Carbon dioxide | CAS NO(c): 124-38-9 | |
| PEL(1) | 5000(e) ppm(a) | 9,000 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Carbon disulfide | CAS NO(c): 75-15-0 | |
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-2 | |
| Carbon monoxide | CAS NO(c): 630-08-0 | |
| PEL(1) | 50 ppm(a) | 55 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Note:Stayed CEILING for blast furnace operations, vessel blowing at basic oxygen furnaces and sinter plants in the steel industry (SIC 33), termination pending (FR 55: 3724, 2/5/90) | ||
| Carbon tetrabromide | CAS NO(c): 558-13-4 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Carbon tetrachloride | CAS NO(c): 56-23-5 | |
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-2 | |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Carbonyl fluoride | CAS NO(c): 353-50-4 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Catechol (Pyrocatechol) | CAS NO(c): 120-80-9 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Cellulose | CAS NO(c): 9004-34-6 | |
| Total dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Cesium hydroxide | CAS NO(c): 21351-79-1 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Chlordane | CAS NO(c): 57-74-9 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Chlorinated camphene | CAS NO(c): 8001-35-2 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Chlorinated diphenyl oxide | CAS NO(c): 55720-99-5 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Chlorine | CAS NO(c): 7782-50-5 | |
| PEL(1) | (C)1 ppm(a) | (C)3 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Chlorine dioxide | CAS NO(c): 10049-04-4 | |
| PEL(1) | 0.1 ppm(a) | 0.3 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Chlorine trifluoride | CAS NO(c): 7790-91-2 | |
| PEL(1) | (C)0.1 ppm(a) | (C)0.4 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
|---|---|
| Chloroacetaldehyde PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 107-20-0 (C)1 ppm(a) - |
| (C)3 mg/m(3)(b) | |
| a-Chloroacetophenone (Phenacyl chloride) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 532-27-4 0.05 ppm(a) - |
| 0.3 mg/m(3)(b) | |
| Chloroacetyl chloride PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 79-04-9 - - |
| - | |
| Chlorobenzene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 108-90-7 75 ppm(a) - |
| 350 mg/m(3)(b) | |
| o-Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 2698-41-1 0.05 ppm(a) - |
| 0.4 mg/m(3)(b) | |
| Chlorobromomethane PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 74-97-5 200 ppm(a) - |
| 1050 mg/m(3)(b) | |
| 2-Chloro-1,3-butadiene; See b-Chloroprene | |
| Chlorodifluoromethane PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 75-45-6 - - |
| - | |
| Chlorodiphenyl (42% Chlorine) (PCB) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 53469-21-9 - X |
| STD 1-4.2 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) (PCB) | CAS NO(c): 11097-69-1 | STD 1-4.2 |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
1-Chloro,2,3-epoxypropane; See Epichlorohydrin
2-Chloroethanol; See Ethylene chlorohydrin
Chloroethylene; See Vinyl chloride
| Chloroform (Trichloromethane) | CAS NO(c): 67-66-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | (C)50 ppm(a) | (C)240 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
bis(Chloromethyl) ether; CAS NO(c): 542-88-1 See 1910.1008
Chloromethyl methyl ether; CAS NO(c): 107-30-2 SEE 1910.1006
| 1-Chloro-1-nitropropane | CAS NO(c): 600-25-9 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 20 ppm(a) | 100 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Chloropentafluoroethane | CAS NO(c): 76-15-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Chloropicrin | CAS NO(c): 76-06-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 0.1 ppm(a) | 0.7 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| beta-Chloroprene | CAS NO(c): 126-99-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 25 ppm(a) | 90 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| α-Chlorostyrene | CAS NO(c): 2039-87-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| α-Chlorotoluene | CAS NO(c): 95-49-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| 2-Chloro-6-trichloro-methyl pyridine | CAS NO(c): 1929-82-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| Total dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Chlorpyrifos | CAS NO(c): 2921-88-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Chromic acid and chromates (as CrO(3)) (4) | CAS NO(c): 7440-47-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-2 | |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Chromium, sol. chromic, chromous salts (as Cr) | CAS NO(c): 7440-47-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Chromium, metal and insoluble salts | CAS NO(c): 7440-47-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
Chrysene; See Coal tar pitch volatiles
| Clopidol | CAS NO(c): 2971-90-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| Total dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Coal dust (Less than 5% SiO(2)), | ||
|---|---|---|
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-3 | |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Coal dust (Greater than or equal to 5% SiO(2)), | ||
|---|---|---|
| Respirable quartz fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-3 | |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Coal tar pitch volatiles | CAS NO(c): 65996-93-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| (Benzine soluble fraction), Anthracene, BaP, Phenanthrene, Acridine, Chrysene, Pyrene | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 0.2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Cobalt metal, dust, and fume (as Co) | CAS NO(c): 7440-48-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Cobalt carbonyl (as Co) | CAS NO(c): 10210-68-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Cobalt hydrocarbonyl (as Co) | CAS NO(c): 16842-03-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
Coke oven emissions;
see 1910.1029
| Copper | CAS NO(c): 7440-50-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| Fume (as Cu) | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Dusts and mists (as Cu) | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Cotton dust (Raw) | ||
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
This 8-hour TWA applies to respirable dust as measured by a vertical elutriator cotton dust sampler or equivalent instrument. The time-weighted average applies to the cotton waste processing operations of waste recycling (sorting, blending, cleaning, and willowing) and garnetting. See also 1910.1043 for cotton dust limits applicable to other sectors.
| Crag herbicide (Sesone) | CAS NO(c): 136-78-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| Total dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Cresol, all isomers | CAS NO(c): 1319-77-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 5 ppm(a) | 22 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Crotonaldehyde | CAS NO(c): 123-73-9; 4170-30-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 2 ppm(a) | 6 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Crufomate | CAS NO(c): 299-86-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Cumene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 98-82-8 50 ppm(a) X | 245 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Cyanamide PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 420-04-2 - - | - - |
| Cyanides (as CN) (4) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): Varies With Compound - - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Cyanogen PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 460-19-5 - - | - - |
| Cyanogen chloride PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 506-77-4 - - | - - |
| Cyclohexane PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 110-82-7 300 ppm(a) - | 1050 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Cyclohexanol PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 108-93-0 50 ppm(a) - | 200 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Cyclohexanone PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 108-94-1 50 ppm(a) - | 200 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Cyclohexene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 110-83-8 300 ppm(a) - | 1015 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Cyclohexylamine | CAS NO(c): 108-91-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Cyclonite | CAS NO(c): 121-82-4 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Cyclopentadiene | CAS NO(c): 542-92-7 | |
| PEL(1) | 75 ppm(a) | 200 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Cyclopentane | CAS NO(c): 287-92-3 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Cyhexatin | CAS NO(c): 13121-70-5 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| 2,4-D (Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) | CAS NO(c): 94-75-7 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 10 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Decaborane | CAS NO(c): 17702-41-9 | |
| PEL(1) | 0.05 ppm(a) | 0.3 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Demeton (Systox(R)) | CAS NO(c): 8065-48-3 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) | CAS NO(c): 50-29-3 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Dichlorvos (DDVP) | CAS NO(c): 62-73-7 |
| PEL(1) | - | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Diacetone alcohol (4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone) | CAS NO(c): 123-42-2 | |
| PEL(1) | 50 ppm(a) | 240 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| 1,2-Diaminoethane; See Ethylenediamine | ||
| Diazinon | CAS NO(c): 333-41-5 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Diazomethane | CAS NO(c): 334-88-3 | |
| PEL(1) | 0.2 ppm(a) | 0.4 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Diborane | CAS NO(c): 19287-45-7 | |
| PEL(1) | 0.1 ppm(a) | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane; See 1910.1044 | CAS NO(c): 96-12-8 | |
| 2-N-Dibutylaminoethanol | CAS NO(c): 102-81-8 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Dibutyl phosphate | CAS NO(c): 107-66-4 | |
| PEL(1) | 1 ppm(a) | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Dibutyl phthalate | CAS NO(c): 84-74-2 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Dichloroacetylene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 7572-29-4 - - | - - |
|---|---|---|
| o-Dichlorobenzene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 95-50-1 (C)50 ppm(a) - | (C)300 mg/m(3)(b) |
| p-DICHLOROBENZENE PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 106-46-7 75 ppm(a) - | 450 mg/m(3)(b) |
| 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine; See 1910.1007 | CAS NO(c): 91-94-1 | |
| Dichlorodifluoro-methane PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 75-71-8 1000 ppm(a) - | 4950 mg/m(3)(b) |
| 1,3-Dichloro-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 118-52-5 - - | 0.2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| 1,1-Dichloroethane PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 75-34-3 100 ppm(a) - | 400 mg/m(3)(b) |
| 1,2-Dichloroethylene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 540-59-0 200 ppm(a) - | 790 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Dichloroethyl ether PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 111-44-4 (C)15 ppm(a) X | (C)90 mg/m(3)(b) |
Dichloromethane;
See Methylene chloride
| Dichloromonofluoro-methane PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 75-43-4 1000 ppm(a) - | 4200 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| 1,1-Dichloro-1-nitroethane PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 594-72-9 (C)10 ppm(a) - | (C)60 mg/m(3)(b) |
| 1,2-Dichloropropane; See Propylenedichloride | ||
| 1,3-Dichloropropene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 542-75-6 - - | - |
| 2,2-Dichloropropionic acid PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 75-99-0 - - | - |
| Dichlorotetrafluoroethane PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 76-14-2 1000 ppm(a) - | 7000 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Dicrotophos PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 141-66-2 - - | - |
| Dicyclopentadiene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 77-73-6 - - | - |
| Dicyclopentadienyl iron Total dust PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 102-54-5 - - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Respirable fraction | ||
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Dieldrin | CAS NO(c): 60-57-1 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.25 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Diethanolamine | CAS NO(c): 111-42-2 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Diethylamine | CAS NO(c): 109-89-7 | |
| PEL(1) | 25 ppm(a) | 75 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| 2-Diethylaminoethanol | CAS NO(c): 100-37-8 | |
| PEL(1) | 10 ppm(a) | 50 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Diethylene triamine | CAS NO(c): 111-40-0 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Diethyl ether; See Ethyl ether | ||
| Diethyl ketone | CAS NO(c): 96-22-0 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Diethyl phthalate | CAS NO(c): 84-66-2 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Difluorodibromomethane | CAS NO(c): 75-61-6 | |
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 860 mg/m3(b) |
Skin Designation
-
Diglycidyl ether (DGE)
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 2238-07-5
(C)0.5 ppm(a)
(C)2.8 mg/m(3)(b)
Dihydroxybenzene;
See Hydroquinone
Diisobutyl ketone
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 108-83-8
50 ppm(a)
290 mg/m(3)(b)
Diisopropylamine
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 108-18-9
5 ppm(a)
X
20 mg/m(3)(b)
4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene;
See 1910.1015
CAS NO(c): 60-11-7
Dimethoxymethane; See Methylal
Dimethyl acetamide
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 127-19-5
10 ppm(a)
35 mg/m(3)(b)
Dimethylamine
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 124-40-3
10 ppm(a)
18 mg/m(3)(b)
Dimethylaminobenzene; See Xylidine
Dimethylaniline (N,N-Dimethylaniline)
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 121-69-7
5 ppm(a)
25 mg/m(3)(b)
X
Dimethylbenzene; See Xylene
| Dimethyl-1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethyl phosphate | CAS NO(c): 300-76-5 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - 3 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Dimethylformamide | CAS NO(c): 68-12-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 10 ppm(a) | 30 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
2,6-Dimethyl-4-hepta-none; See Diisobutyl ketone
| 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine | CAS NO(c): 57-14-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 0.5 ppm(a) | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Dimethylphthalate | CAS NO(c): 131-11-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Dimethyl sulfate | CAS NO(c): 77-78-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 1 ppm(a) | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Dinitolmide (3,5-Dinitro-o-toluamide) | CAS NO(c): 148-01-6 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Dinitrobenzene (all isomers) | CAS NO(c): (alpha-)528-29-0;(meta-)99-65-0; (para-)100-25-4 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Dinitro-o-cresol | CAS NO(c): 534-52-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 0.2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
|---|---|---|
| Dinitrotoluene | CAS NO(c): 25321-14-6 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 1.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Dioxane (Diethylene dioxide) | CAS NO(c): 123-91-1 | |
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 360 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Dioxathion (Delnav) | CAS NO(c): 78-34-2 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Diphenyl (Biphenyl) | CAS NO(c): 92-52-4 | |
| PEL(1) | 0.2 ppm(a) | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Diphenylamine | CAS NO(c): 122-39-4 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Diphenylmethane diisocyanate; See Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate | ||
| Dipropylene glycol methyl ether | CAS NO(c): 34590-94-8 | |
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 600 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Dipropyl ketone | CAS NO(c): 123-19-3 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Diquat | CAS NO(c): 86-00-7 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Di-sec octyl phthalate | (Di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate) | CAS NO(c): 117-81-7 |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Disulfiram | CAS NO(c): 97-77-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Disulfoton | CAS NO(c): 298-04-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol | CAS NO(c): 128-37-0 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Diuron | CAS NO(c): 330-54-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Divinyl benzene | CAS NO(c): 1321-74-0 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Emery | CAS NO(c): 12415-34-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| Total dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Endosulfan | CAS NO(c): 115-29-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Endrin | CAS NO(c): 72-20-8 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) Skin Designation | - X | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Epichlorohydrin PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 106-89-8 5 ppm(a) X | 19 mg/m(3)(b) |
| EPN PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 2104-64-5 - X | 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| 1,2-Epoxypropane; See Propylene oxide | ||
| 2,3-Epoxy-1-propanol; See Glycidol | ||
| Ethanethiol; See Ethyl mercaptan | ||
| Ethanolamine PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 141-43-5 3 ppm(a) - | 6 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Ethion PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 563-12-2 - - | - |
| 2-Ethoxyethanol PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 110-80-5 200 ppm(a) X | 740 mg/m(3)(b) |
| 2-Ethoxyethyl acetate (Cellosolve acetate) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 111-15-9 100 ppm(a) X | 540 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Ethyl acetate PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 141-78-6 400 ppm(a) - | 1400 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Ethyl acrylate PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 140-88-5 25 ppm(a) X | 100 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Ethyl alcohol (Ethanol) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 64-17-5 1000 ppm(a) - | 1900 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Ethylamine PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 75-04-7 10 ppm(a) - | 18 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Ethyl amyl ketone (5-Methyl-3-heptanone) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 541-85-5 25 ppm(a) - | 130 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Ethyl benzene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 100-41-4 100 ppm(a) - | 435 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Ethyl bromide PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 74-96-4 200 ppm(a) - | 890 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Ethyl butyl ketone (3-Heptanone) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 106-35-4 50 ppm(a) - | 230 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Ethyl chloride PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 75-003 1000 ppm(a) - | 2600 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Ethyl ether PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 60-29-7 400 ppm(a) - | 1200 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Ethyl formate | CAS NO(c): 109-94-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 300 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Ethyl mercaptan | CAS NO(c): 75-08-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | (C)10 ppm(a) | (C)25 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Ethyl silicate | CAS NO(c): 78-10-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 850 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Ethylene chlorohydrin | CAS: 107-07-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 5 ppm(a) | 16 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Ethylenediamine | CAS: 107-15-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 10 ppm(a) | 25 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Ethylene dibromide | CAS: 106-93-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-2 | Tbl. Z-2 |
| Skin Designation | Tbl. Z-2 |
| Ethylene dichloride | CAS: 107-06-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-2 | Tbl. Z-2 |
| Skin Designation | Tbl. Z-2 |
| Ethylene glycol | CAS: 107-21-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| * Ethylene glycol dinitrate(k) | CAS NO(c): 628-96-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | (C)0.2 ppm(a) | (C)1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
Note:Stayed in the explosives industry until 4/1/90 (FR 55:3724, 2/5/90)
Ethylene glycol methyl acetate; See Methyl cellosolve acetate
Ethyleneimine; See 1910.1012 CAS NO(c): 151-56-4
Ethylene oxide; See 1910.1047 CAS NO(c): 75-21-8
Ethylidene chloride; See 1,1-Dichlorethane
| Ethylidene norbornene | CAS NO(c): 16219-75-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| N-Ethylmorpholine | CAS NO(c): 100-74-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 20 ppm(a) | 94 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Fenamiphos | CAS NO(c): 22224-92-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Fensulfothion (Dasanit) | CAS NO(c): 115-90-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Fenthion | CAS NO(c): 55-38-9 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Ferbam | CAS NO(c): 14484-64-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Total dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Ferrovanadium dust | CAS NO(c): 12604-58-9 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
|---|---|---|
| Fluorides (as F) | CAS NO(c): Varies with Compound | |
| PEL(1) | 2.5 mg/m(3)(b) | |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Fluorine | CAS NO(c): 7782-41-4 | |
| PEL(1) | 0.1 ppm(a) | 0.2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Fluorotrichloro-methane (Trichloro-fluoromethane) | CAS NO(c): 75-69-4 | |
| PEL(1) | 1000 ppm(a) | 5600 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Fononfos | CAS NO(c): 944-22-9 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Formaldehyde; | CAS NO(c): 50-00-0 | |
| Formaldehyde; see 1910.1048. | ||
| See Table Z-2 for operations or sectors excluded from 1910.1048 or for which limit(s) is(are) stayed. | ||
| Formamide | CAS NO(c): 75-12-7 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Formic acid | CAS NO(c): 64-18-6 | |
| PEL(1) | 5 ppm(a) | 9 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Furfural | CAS NO(c): 98-01-1 | |
| PEL(1) | 5 ppm(a) | 20 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Furfuryl alcohol | CAS NO(c): 98-00-0 | |
| PEL(1) | 50 ppm(a) | 200 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
|---|---|---|
| Gasoline | CAS NO(c): 8006-61-9 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Germanium tetrahydride | CAS NO(c): 7782-65-2 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Glutaraldehyde | CAS NO(c): 111-30-8 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Glutaraldehyde | CAS NO(c): 111-30-8 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Glycerin (Mist) | CAS NO(c): 56-81-5 | |
| Total dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Glycidol | CAS NO(c): 556-52-5 | |
| PEL(1) | 50 ppm(a) | 150 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Glycol monoethyl ether; See 2-Ethoxyethanol | ||
| Grain dust (oat, wheat, barley) | ||
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Graphite, natural respirable dust | CAS NO(c): 7782-42-5 | |
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - |
Graphite, synthetic
| Total dust | ||
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Guthion (R); See Azinphos methyl | ||
| Gypsum | CAS NO(c): 13397-24-5 | |
| Total dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Hafnium | CAS NO(c): 7440-58-6 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.5 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Heptachlor | CAS NO(c): 76-44-8 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.5 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Heptachlor (n-Heptane) | CAS NO(c): 142-82-5 | |
| PEL(1) | 500 ppm(a) | 2000 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Heptane (n-Heptane) | CAS NO(c): 142-82-5 | |
| PEL(1) | 500 ppm(a) | 2000 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Hexachlorobutadiene | CAS NO(c): 87-68-3 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene | CAS NO(c): 77-47-4 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Hexachloroethane | CAS NO(c): 67-72-1 |
| PEL(1) Skin Designation | 1 ppm(a) X | 10 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Hexachloronaphthalene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 1335-87-1 - X | 0.2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Hexafluoracetone PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 684-16-2 - - | - |
| n-Hexane PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 110-54-3 500 ppm(a) - | 1800 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Hexane isomers PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): Varies With Compound - - | - |
| 2-Hexanone (Methyl n-butyl ketone) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 591-78-6 100 ppm(a) - | 410 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Hexone (Methyl isobutyl ketone) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 108-10-1 100 ppm(a) - | 410 mg/m(3)(b) |
| sec-Hexyl acetate PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 108-84-9 50 ppm(a) - | 300 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Hexylene glycol PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 107-41-5 - - | - |
| Hydrazine PEL(1) | CAS NO(c): 302-01-2 1 ppm(a) | 1.3 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
|---|---|---|
| Hydrogenated terphenyls PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 61788-32-7 - - | - |
| Hydrogen bromide PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 10035-10-6 3 ppm(a) - | 10 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Hydrogen chloride PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 7647-01-0 (C)5 ppm(a) - | (C)7 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Hydrogen cyanide PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 74-90-8 10 ppm(a) X | 11 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Hydrogen fluoride (as F) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 7664-39-3 Tbl. Z-2 - | |
| Hydrogen peroxide PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 7722-84-1 1 ppm(a) - | 1.4 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Hydrogen selenide (as Se) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 7783-07-5 0.05 ppm(a) - | 0.2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Hydrogen sulfide PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 7783-06-4 Tbl. Z-2 - | Tbl. Z-2 |
| Hydroquinone PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 123-31-9 - - | 2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| 2-Hydroxypropyl acrylate | CAS NO(c): 999-61-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Indene | CAS NO(c): 95-13-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Indium and compounds (as in) | CAS NO(c): 7440-74-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Iodine | CAS NO(c): 7553-56-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | (C)0.1 ppm(a) | (C)1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Iodoform | CAS NO(c): 75-47-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Iron oxide dust and fume (as Fe) | CAS NO(c): 1309-37-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Total particulate | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 10 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Iron pentacarbonyl (as Fe) | CAS NO(c): 13463-40-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Iron salts (Soluable) (as Fe) | CAS NO(c): Varies With Compound | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Isomyl acetate | CAS NO(c): 123-92-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 525 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Isomyl alcohol (primary and secondary) | CAS NO(c): 123-51-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 360 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Isobutyl acetate | CAS NO(c): 110-19-0 | |
| PEL(1) | 150 ppm(a) | 700 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Isobutyl alcohol | CAS NO(c): 78-83-1 | |
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 300 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Isooctyl alcohol | CAS NO(c): 26952-21-6 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Isophorone | CAS NO(c): 78-59-1 | |
| PEL(1) | 25 ppm(a) | 140 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Isophrone diisocyanate | CAS NO(c): 4098-71-9 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| 2-Isopropoxyethanol | CAS NO(c): 109-59-1 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Isopropyl acetate | CAS NO(c): 108-21-4 | |
| PEL(1) | 250 ppm(a) | 950 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Isopropyl alcohol | CAS NO(c): 67-63-0 | |
| PEL(1) | 400 ppm(a) | 980 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Isopropylamine PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 75-31-0 5 ppm(a) - | 12 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| N-Isopropylaniline PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 768-52-5 - - | - |
| Isopropyl ether PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 108-20-3 500 ppm(a) - | 2100 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Isopropyl glycidyl ether (IGE) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 4016-14-2 50 ppm(a) - | 240 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Kaolin Total dust PEL(1) Skin Designation Respirable fraction PEL(1) Skin Designation | - - - - - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Ketene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 463-51-4 0.5 ppm(a) - | 0.9 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Lead inorganic (as Pb); See 1910.1025 | CAS NO(c): 7439-92-1 | |
| Limestone Total dust PEL(1) Skin Designation Respirable Fraction PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 1317-65-3 - - - - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Lindane | CAS NO(c): 58-89-9 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Lithium hydride | CAS NO(c): 7580-67-8 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.025 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| L.P.G. (Liquified petroleum gas) | CAS NO(c): 68476-85-7 | |
| PEL(1) | 1000 ppm(a) | 1800 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Magnesite | CAS NO(c): 546-93-0 | |
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Magnesium oxide fume | CAS NO(c): 1309-48-4 | |
| Total Particulate | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Malathion | CAS NO(c): 121-75-5 | |
| TOTAL DUST: | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Maleic anhydride | CAS NO(c): 108-31-6 | |
| PEL(1) | 0.25 ppm(a) | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Manganese compounds (as Mn) | CAS NO(c): 7439-96-5 | |
| PEL(1) | - | (C)5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Manganese fume (as Mn) | CAS NO(c): 7439-96-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | (C)5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Manganese cyclopetadienyl tricarbonyl (as Mn) | CAS NO(c): 12079-65-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Manganese tetroxide (as Mn) | CAS NO(c): 1317-35-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Marble | CAS NO(c): 1317-65-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Mercury (aryl and inorganic) (as Hg) | CAS NO(c): 7439-97-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-2 | |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Mercury (organo) alkyl compounds (as Hg) | CAS NO(c): 7439-97-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-2 | |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Mercury (vapor) (as Hg) | CAS NO(c): 7439-97-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-2 | |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Mesityl oxide | CAS NO(c): 141-79-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 25 ppm(a) | 100 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Methacrylic acid | CAS NO(c): 79-41-4 | |
|---|---|---|
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
Methanethiol; See Methyl mercaptan
Methomyl (Lannate)
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 16752-77-5
Methoxychlor
Total dust
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 72-43-5
15 mg/m(3)(b)
2-Methoxyethanol; See Methyl cellosolve
4-Methoxyphenol
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 150-76-5
Methyl acetate
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 79-20-9
200 ppm(a)
-
610 mg/m(3)(b)
Methyl acetylene (Propyne)
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 74-99-7
1000 ppm(a)
-
1650 mg/m(3)(b)
Methyl acetylene propadiene mixture (MAPP)
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
1000 ppm(a)
-
1800 mg/m(3)(b)
Methyl acrylate
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 96-33-3
10 ppm(a)
X
35 mg/m(3)(b)
| Methylacrylonitrile | CAS NO(c): 126-98-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Methylal (Dimethoxy-methane) | CAS NO(c): 109-87-5 | |
| PEL(1) | 1000 ppm(a) | 3100 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Methyl alcohol | CAS NO(c): 67-56-1 | |
| PEL(1) | 200 ppm(a) | 260 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Methylamine | CAS NO(c): 74-89-5 | |
| PEL(1) | 10 ppm(a) | 12 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Methyl amyl alcohol; | See Methyl Isobutyl carbinol | |
| Methyl n-amyl ketone | CAS NO(c): 110-43-0 | |
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 465 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Methyl bromide | CAS NO(c): 74-83-9 | |
| PEL(1) | (C)20 ppm(a) | (C)80 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Methyl butyl ketone; | See 2-Hexanone | |
| Methyl cellosolve (2-Methoxyethanol) | CAS NO(c): 109-86-4 | |
| PEL(1) | 25 ppm(a) | 80 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Methyl cellosolve acetate (2-Methoxyethyl acetate) | CAS NO(c): 110-49-6 | |
| PEL(1) | 25 ppm(a) | 120 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
Methyl chloride PEL(1)
CAS NO(c): 74-87-3
Tbl. Z-2
| Methyl chloroform (1,1,1-Trichloroethane) | CAS NO(c): 71-55-6 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 350 ppm(a) 1900 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
Methyl 2-cyanoacrylate PEL(1) Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 137-05-3
-
-
Methylcyclohexane PEL(1) Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 108-87-2
500 ppm(a)
2000 mg/m(3)(b)
-
Methylcyclohexanol PEL(1) Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 25639-42-3
100 ppm(a)
470 mg/m(3)(b)
-
o-METHYLCYCLOHEXANONE PEL(1) Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 583-60-8
100 ppm(a)
460 mg/m(3)(b)
X
| Methylcyclopentiadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (as Mn) | CAS NO(c): 12108-13-3 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
-
-
Methyl demeton PEL(1) Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 8022-00-2
-
-
4,4'-Methylene bis (2-chloroaniline)(MBOCA) PEL(1) Skin Designation Skin Designation
CAS NO(c): 101-14-4
-
-
-
-
X
Methylene bis (4-cyclohexylisocyanate)
CAS NO(c): 5124-30-1
| PEL(1) | - | - |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | - |
| Methylene chloride | CAS NO(c): 75-09-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-2 | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) | CAS NO(c): 1338-23-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Methyl formate | CAS NO(c): 107-31-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 250 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Methyl hydrazine (Monomethyl hydrazine) | CAS NO(c): 60-34-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | (C)0.2 ppm(a) | (C)0.35 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Methyl iodide | CAS NO(c): 74-88-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 5 ppm(a) | 28 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Methyl isoamyl ketone | CAS NO(c): 110-12-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Methyl isobutyl carbinol | CAS NO(c): 108-11-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 25 ppm(a) | 100 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
Methyl isobutyl ketone; See Hexone
| Methyl isocyanate | CAS NO(c): 624-83-9 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 0.02 ppm(a) | 0.05 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Methyl isopropyl ketone PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 563-80-4 - - | - - |
|---|---|---|
| Methyl mercaptan PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 74-93-1 (C)10 ppm(a) - | (C)20 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Methyl methacrylate PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 80-62-6 100 ppm(a) - | 410 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Methyl parathion PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 298-00-0 - - | - - |
| Methyl propyl ketone; See 2-Pentanone | ||
| Methyl silicate PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 681-84-5 - - | - - |
| alpha-Methyl styrene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 98-83-9 (C)100 ppm(a) - | (c)480 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 101-68-8 (C)0.02 ppm(a) - | (C)0.2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Metribuzin PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 21087-64-9 - - | - - |
| Mica; See Silicates |
| Molybdenum (as Mo) | CAS NO(c): 7439-98-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| Soluble compounds | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Insoluble Compounds - total dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Monocrotophos (Azodrin(R)) | CAS NO(c): 6923-22-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Monomethyl aniline | CAS NO(c): 100-61-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 2 ppm(a) | 9 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Morpholine | CAS NO(c): 110-91-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 20 ppm(a) | 70 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Naphtha (Coal tar) | CAS NO(c): 8030-30-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 400 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Naphthalene | CAS NO(c): 91-20-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 10 ppm(a) | 50 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| alpha-Naphthylamine; See 1910.1004 | CAS NO(c): 134-32-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| beta-Naphthylamine; See 1910.1009 | CAS NO(c): 91-59-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| Nickel carbonyl (as Ni) | CAS NO(c): 13463-39-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 0.001 ppm(a) | 0.007 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Nickel, metal and insoluble compounds (as Ni) | CAS NO(c): 7440-02-0 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Nickel, soluble compounds (as Ni) | CAS NO(c): 7440-02-0 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Nicotine | CAS NO(c): 54-11-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Nitric acid | CAS NO(c): 7697-37-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 2 ppm(a) | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Nitric oxide | CAS NO(c): 10102-43-9 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 25 ppm(a) | 30 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| p-Nitroaniline | CAS NO(c): 100-01-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 1 ppm(a) | 6 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Nitrobenzene | CAS NO(c): 98-95-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 1 ppm(a) | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| p-Nitrochlorobenzene | CAS NO(c): 100-00-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| 4-Nitrodiphenyl; See 1910.1003 | CAS NO(c): 92-93-3 |
|---|---|
| Nitroethane | CAS NO(c): 79-24-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 310 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Nitrogen dioxide | CAS NO(c): 10102-44-0 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | (C)5 ppm(a) | (C)9 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Nitrogen trifluoride | CAS NO(c): 7783-54-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 10 ppm(a) | 29 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| * Nitroglycerin(I) | CAS NO(c): 55-63-0 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | (C)0.2 ppm(a) | (C)2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
Note:Stayed in the explosives industry until 4/1/90 (FR 55:3724, 2/5/90)
| Nitromethane | CAS NO(c): 75-52-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 250 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| 1-Nitropropane | CAS NO(c): 108-03-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 25 ppm(a) | 90 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| 2-Nitropropane | CAS NO(c): 79-46-9 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 25 ppm(a) | 90 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
N-Nitrosodimethylamine; CAS NO(c): 62-75-9 See 1910.1016
| Nitrotoluene | CAS NO(c):o-isomer 88-72-2; m-isomer 99-08-1; p-isomer 99-99-0 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 5 ppm(a) | 30 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
Nitrotrichloromethane; See Chloropicrin
| Nonane PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 111-84-2 - - | - |
|---|---|---|
| Octachloronaphthalene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 2234-13-1 - X | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Octane PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 111-65-9 500 ppm(a) - | 2350 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Oil mist, mineral PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 8012-95-1 - - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Osmium tetroxide (as Os) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 20816-12-0 - - | 0.002 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Oxalic acid PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 144-62-7 - - | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Oxygen difluoride PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 7783-41-7 0.05 ppm(a) - | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Ozone PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 10028-15-6 0.1 ppm(a) - | 0.2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Paraffin wax fume PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 8002-74-2 - - | - |
| Paraquat, respirable dust | CAS NO(c): 1910-42-5; 2074-50-2; 4685-14-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Parathion | CAS NO(c): 56-38-2 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Particulates not otherwise regulated | ||
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Pentaborane | CAS NO(c): 19624-22-7 | |
| PEL(1) | 0.005 ppm(a) | 0.01 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Pentachloronaphthalene | CAS NO(c): 1321-64-8 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Pentachlorophenol | CAS NO(c): 87-86-5 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Pentaerythritol | CAS NO(c): 115-77-5 | |
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Pentane | CAS NO(c): 109-66-0 |
| PEL(1) | 1000 ppm(a) | 2950 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | - | |
| 2-Pentanone (Methyl propyl ketone) | CAS NO(c): 107-87-9 | |
| PEL(1) | 200 ppm(a) | 700 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Perchloroethylene (Tetrachloroethylene) | CAS NO(c): 127-18-4 | |
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-2 | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Note:Stayed until 10/1/89 in the dry cleaning industry (FR 54:36767, 9/5/89) | ||
| Perchloromethyl mercaptan | CAS NO(c): 594-42-3 | |
| PEL(1) | 0.1 ppm(a) | 0.8 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Perchloryl fluoride | CAS NO(c): 7616-94-6 | |
| PEL(1) | 3 ppm(a) | 13.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Perlite | ||
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Petroleum distillates (Naphtha) (Rubber Solvent) | CAS NO(c):8002-05-9 | |
| PEL(1) | 500 ppm(a) | 2000 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Phenol | CAS NO(c): 108-95-2 | |
| PEL(1) | 5 ppm(a) | 19 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Phenothiazine | CAS NO(c): 92-84-2 |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | - | - |
| p-Phenylene diamine | CAS NO(c): 106-50-3 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Phenyl ether, vapor | CAS NO(c): 101-84-8 | |
| PEL(1) | 1 ppm(a) | 7 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Phenyl ether-biphenyl mixture, vapor | ||
| PEL(1) | 1 ppm(a) | 7 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Phenylethylene; See Styrene | ||
| Phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) | CAS NO(c): 122-60-1 | |
| PEL(1) | 10 ppm(a) | 60 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Phenylhydrazine | CAS NO(c): 100-63-0 | |
| PEL(1) | 5 ppm(a) | 22 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Phenyl mercaptan | CAS NO(c): 108-98-5 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Phenylphosphine | CAS NO(c): 638-21-1 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Phorate | CAS NO(c): 298-02-2 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Phosdrin (Mevinphos(R)) | CAS NO(c): 7786-34-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Phosgene (Carbonyl chloride) | CAS NO(c): 75-44-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 0.1 ppm(a) | 0.4 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Phosphine | CAS NO(c): 7803-51-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 0.3 ppm(a) | 0.4 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Phosphoric acid | CAS NO(c): 7664-38-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Phosphorus (yellow) | CAS NO(c): 7723-14-0 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Phosphorous oxychloride | CAS NO(c): 10025-87-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Phosphorus pentachloride | CAS NO(c): 10026-13-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Phosphorus pentasulfide | CAS NO(c): 1314-80-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Phosphorus trichloride | CAS NO(c): 7719-12-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 0.5 ppm(a) | 3 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Phthalic anhydride | CAS NO(c): 85-44-9 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 2 ppm(a) | 12 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| m-Phthalodinitrile | CAS NO(c): 626-17-5 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Pictoram | CAS NO(c): 1918-02-1 | |
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Picric acid | CAS NO(c): 88-89-1 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Piperazine dihydro-chloride | CAS NO(c): 142-64-3 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Pindone (2-Pivalyl-1,3-indandione) | CAS NO(c): 83-26-1 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Plaster of paris | CAS NO(c): 26499-65-0 | |
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Platinum (as Pt) | CAS NO(c): 7440-06-4 | |
| Metal | ||
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
|---|---|---|
| Soluble Salts | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 0.002 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Portland cement | CAS NO(c): 65997-15-1 | |
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Potassium hydroxide | CAS NO(c): 1310-58-3 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Propane | CAS NO(c): 74-98-6 | |
| PEL(1) | 1000 ppm(a) | 1800 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Propargyl alcohol | CAS NO(c): 107-19-7 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| beta-Propiolactone; See 1910.1013 | CAS NO(c): 57-57-8 | |
| Propionic acid | CAS NO(c): 79-09-4 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Propoxur (Baygon) | CAS NO(c): 114-26-1 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| n-Propyl acetate | CAS NO(c): 109-60-4 | |
| PEL(1) | 200 ppm(a) | 840 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
|---|---|---|
| n-Propyl alcohol PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 71-23-8 200 ppm(a) - | 500 mg/m(3)(b) |
| n-Propyl nitrate PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 627-13-4 25 ppm(a) - | 110 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Propylene dichloride PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 78-87-5 75 ppm(a) - | 350 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Propylene glycol dinitrate PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 6423-43-4 - - | - |
| Propylene glycol monomethyl ether PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 107-98-2 - - | - |
| Propylene imine PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 75-55-8 2 ppm(a) X | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Propylene oxide PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 75-56-9 100 ppm(a) - | 240 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Propyne; See Methyl acetylene | ||
| Pyrethrum PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 8003-34-7 - - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Pyridine | CAS NO(c): 110-86-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 5 ppm(a) | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Quinone | CAS NO(c): 106-51-4 | |
| PEL(1) | 0.1 ppm(a) | 0.4 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Resorcinol | CAS NO(c): 108-46-3 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Rhodium (as Rh), metal fume and insoluble compounds | CAS NO(c): 7440-16-6 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Rhodium (as Rh), soluble compounds | CAS NO(c): 7440-16-6 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.001 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Ronnel | CAS NO(c): 299-84-3 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Rosin core solder pyrolysis products, as formaldehyde | ||
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Rotenone | CAS NO(c): 83-79-4 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Rouge | ||
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
|---|---|---|
| Selenium compounds (as Se) | CAS NO(c): 7782-49-2 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Selenium hexafluoride (as Se) | CAS NO(c): 7783-79-1 | |
| PEL(1) | 0.05 ppm(a) | 0.4 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Silica, amorphous, precipitated and gel | ||
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Silica, amorphous, diatomaceous earth, containing less than 1% crystalline silica | CAS NO(c): 61790-53-2 | |
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Silica, crystalline cristobalite, respirable dust | ||
| CAS NO(c): 14464-46-1 | ||
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Silica, crystalline quartz, respirable dust | ||
| CAS NO(c): 14808-60-7 | ||
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Silica, crystalline tripoli (as quartz), respirable dust | ||
| CAS NO(c): 1317-95-9 | ||
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Silica, crystalline tridymite, respirable dust | ||
| CAS NO(c): 15468-32-3 | ||
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Silica, fused, respirable dust | CAS NO(c): 60676-86-0 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - |
Silicates (less than 1% crystalline silica)
| Mica (respirable dust) | CAS NO(c): 12001-26-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Soapstone, Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Soapstone, Respirable Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Talc (containing asbestos): use asbestos limit: | See 29 CFR 1910.100 | |
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Tremolite | ||
| See 29 CFR 1010.1101 | ||
| PEL(1) | - | Tbl. Z-3 |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Silicon carbide | CAS NO(c): 409-21-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Silicon tetrahydride | CAS NO(c): 7803-62-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Silver, metal and soluble compounds (as Ag) | CAS NO(c): 7440-22-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 0.01 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
Soapstone; See Silicates
Sodium azide CAS NO(c): 26628-22-8
(as HN(3)):
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
(as NaN(3)):
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
Sodium bisulfite CAS NO(c): 7631-90-5
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
Sodium fluoroacetate CAS NO(c): 62-74-8
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
X
Sodium hydroxide CAS NO(c): 1310-73-2
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
-
Sodium metabisulfite CAS NO(c): 7681-57-4
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
-
Starch CAS NO(c): 9005-25-8
Total Dust
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
Respirable Fraction
PEL(1)
Skin Designation
-
0.05 mg/m(3)(b)
2 mg/m(3)(b)
-
15 mg/m(3)(b)
5 mg/m(3)(b)
| Stibine PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 7803-52-3 0.1 ppm(a) - | 0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Stoddard solvent PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 8052-41-3 500 ppm(a) - | 2900 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Strychnine PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 57-24-9 - - | 0.15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Styrene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 100-42-5 Tbl. Z-2 - | - |
| Subtilisins (Proteolytic enzymes) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 9014-01-1 - - | - |
| Sucrose Total Dust PEL(1) Skin Designation Respirable Fraction PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 57-50-1 - - - - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Sulfur dioxide PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 7446-09-5 5 ppm(a) - | 13 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Sulfur hexafluoride PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 2551-62-4 1000 ppm(a) - | 6000 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Sulfuric acid | CAS NO(c): 7664-93-9 |
| PEL(1) | - | 1 mg/m3(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Sulfur monochloride | CAS NO(c): 10025-67-9 | |
| PEL(1) | 1 ppm(a) | 6 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Sulfur pentafluoride | CAS NO(c): 5714-22-7 | |
| PEL(1) | 0.025 ppm(a) | 0.25 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Sulfur tetrafluoride | CAS NO(c): 7783-60-0 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Sulfuryl fluoride | CAS NO(c): 2699-79-8 | |
| PEL(1) | 5 ppm(a) | 20 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Sulprofos | CAS NO(c): 35400-43-2 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Systox (R); See Demeton | ||
| 2,4,5-T | CAS NO(c): 93-76-5 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 10 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Talc; See Silicates | ||
| Tantalum, metal and oxide dust | CAS NO(c): 7440-25-7 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m3(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| TEDP (Sulfotep) | CAS NO(c): 3689-24-5 |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.2 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Tellurium and compounds (as Te) | CAS NO(c): 13494-80-9 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Tellurium hexafluoride (as Te) | CAS NO(c): 7783-80-4 | |
| PEL(1) | 0.02 ppm(a) | 0.2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Temephos | CAS NO(c): 3383-96-8 | |
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| TEPP | CAS NO(c): 107-49-3 | |
| PEL(1) | - | 0.05 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X | |
| Terphenylis | CAS NO(c): 26140-60-3 | |
| PEL(1) | (C)1 ppm(a) | (C)9 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloro-2,2-difluoroethane | CAS NO(c): 76-11-9 | |
| PEL(1) | 500 ppm(a) | 4170 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane | CAS NO(c): 76-12-0 | |
| PEL(1) | 500 ppm(a) | 4170 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane | CAS NO(c): 79-34-5 | |
| PEL(1) | 5 ppm(a) | 35 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
Tetrachloroethylene; See Perchloroethylene
Tetrachloromethane; See Carbon tetrachloride
| Tetrachloronaphthalene | CAS NO(c): 1335-88-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Tetraethyl lead (as Pb) | CAS NO(c): 78-00-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 0.075 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Tetrahydrofuran | CAS NO(c): 109-99-9 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 200 ppm(a) | 590 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Tetramethyl lead, (as Pb) | CAS NO(c): 75-74-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 0.075 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Tetramethyl succinonitrile | CAS NO(c): 3333-52-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 0.5 ppm(a) | 3 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Tetranitromethane | CAS NO(c): 509-14-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 1 ppm(a) | 8 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Tetrasodium pyrophosphate | CAS NO(c): 7722-88-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Tetryl (2,4,6-Trinitro-phenyl-methyl-nitramine) | CAS NO(c): 479-45-8 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - 1.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Thallium, soluble compounds (as Ti) | CAS NO(c): 7440-28-0 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| 4,4'-Thiobis(6-tert, Butyl-m-cresol) | CAS NO(c): 96-69-5 |
|---|---|
| Total Dust | |
| PEL(1) | - 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Respirable Fraction | |
| PEL(1) | - 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Thioglycolic acid | CAS NO(c): 68-11-1 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Thionyl chloride | CAS NO(c): 7719-09-7 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Thiram | CAS NO(c): 137-26-8 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Tin, inorganic compounds (except oxides) (as Sn) | CAS NO(c): 7440-31-5 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - 2 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Tin, organic compounds (as Sn) | CAS NO(c): 7440-31-5 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Tin oxide (as Sn) | CAS NO(c): 21651-19-4 |
|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Titanium dioxide | CAS NO(c): 13463-67-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Toluene | CAS NO(c): 108-88-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-2 | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) | CAS NO(c): 584-84-9 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | (C)0.02 ppm(a) | (C)0.14 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| m-Toluidine | CAS NO(c): 108-44-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| o-Toluidine | CAS NO(c): 95-53-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 5 ppm(a) | 22 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| p-Toluidine | CAS NO(c): 106-49-0 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
Toxaphene; See Chlorinated camphene
Tremolite; See Silicates
| Tributyl phosphate | CAS NO(c): 126-73-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Trichloroacetic acid | CAS NO(c): 76-03-9 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene | CAS NO(c): 120-82-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
1,1,1-Trichloroethane; See Methyl chloroform
| 1,1,2-Trichloroethane | CAS NO(c): 79-00-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 10 ppm(a) | 45 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| Trichloroethylene | CAS NO(c): 79-01-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-2 | Tbl. Z-2 |
| Skin Designation | Tbl. Z-2 |
Trichloromethane; See Chloroform
| Trichloronaphthalene | CAS NO(c): 1321-65-9 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | X |
| 1,2,3-Trichloropropane | CAS NO(c): 96-18-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 50 ppm(a) | 300 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane | CAS NO(c): 76-13-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 1000 ppm(a) | 7600 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Triethylamine | CAS NO(c): 121-44-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 25 ppm(a) | 100 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Trifluorobromomethane | CAS NO(c): 75-63-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 1000 ppm(a) | 6100 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Trimellitic anhydride PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 552-30-7 - - | - |
|---|---|---|
| Trimethylamine PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 75-50-3 - - | - |
| Trimethyl benzene PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 25551-13-7 - - | - |
| Trimethyl phosphite PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 121-45-9 - - | - |
| 2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl; See Picric acid | ||
| 2,4,6-Trinitrophenylmethyl nitramine; See Tetryl | ||
| 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 118-96-7 - X | 1.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Triorthocresyl phosphate PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 78-30-8 - - | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Triphenyl amine PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 603-34-9 - - | - |
| Triphenyl phosphate PEL(1) Skin Designation | CAS NO(c): 115-86-6 - - | 3 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Tungsten (as W) | CAS NO(c): 7440-33-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| Insoluble Compounds | ||
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Soluble Compounds | ||
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Turpentine | CAS NO(c): 8006-64-2 | |
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 560 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Uranium (as U) | CAS NO(c): 7440-61-1 | |
| Soluble Compounds | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 0.05 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Insoluble Compounds | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 0.25 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| n-Valeraldehyde | CAS NO(c): 110-62-3 | |
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Vanadium | CAS NO(c): 1314-62-1 | |
| Respirable dust (as V(2)O(5)) | ||
| PEL(1) | - | (C)0.5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Fume (as V(2)O(5)) | ||
| PEL(1) | - | (C)0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Vegetable oil mist | ||
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Vinyl acetate | CAS NO(c): 108-05-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
Vinyl benzene; See Styrene
| Vinyl bromide | CAS NO(c): 593-60-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
Vinyl chloride; See 1910.1017 CAS NO(c): 75-01-4
Vinyl cyanide; See Acrylonitrile
| Vinyl cyclohexene dioxide | CAS NO(c): 106-87-6 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Vinylidene chloride (1,1-Dichloroethylene) | CAS NO(c): 75-35-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Vinyl toluene | CAS NO(c): 25013-15-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 480 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| VM & P Naphtha | CAS NO(c): 8032-32-4 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | - |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Warfarin | CAS NO(c): 81-81-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 0.1 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
Welding fumes (total particulate)(As determined from breathing-zone air samples)
| PEL(1) | - | - |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | - | - |
Wood dust, all soft and hard woods, except Western red cedar
| PEL(1) | - | - |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | - | - |
Wood dust, Western red cedar
| PEL(1) | - | - |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | - | - |
Xylenes (o-, m-, p- isomers) CAS NO(c): 1330-20-7
| PEL(1) | 100 ppm(a) | 435 mg/m(3)(b) |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | - | - |
m-Xylene alpha, alpha'-diamine CAS NO(c): 1477-55-0
| PEL(1) | - | - |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | - | - |
Xylidine
| PEL(1) | CAS NO(c): 1300-73-8 | |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | 5 ppm(a) | 25 mg/m(3)(b) |
| X |
Yttrium
| PEL(1) | CAS NO(c): 7440-65-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | - | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
Zinc chloride fume
| PEL(1) | CAS NO(c): 7646-85-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | - | 1 mg/m(3)(b) |
Zinc chromate (as CrO(3)) CAS NO(c): Varies with Compound
| PEL(1) | Tbl. Z-2 | Tbl. Z-2 |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Designation | Tbl. Z-2 |
| Zinc oxide fume | CAS NO(c): 1314-13-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Zinc oxide | CAS NO(c): 1314-13-2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Zinc stearate | CAS NO(c): 557-05-1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Total Dust | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 15 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - | |
| Respirable Fraction | ||
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| Zirconium compounds (as Zr) | CAS NO(c): 7440-67-7 | |
|---|---|---|
| PEL(1) | - | 5 mg/m(3)(b) |
| Skin Designation | - |
| : Substance | : mppcf (j) | : |
|---|---|---|
| : SILICA: | : | : |
| : Crystalline | : | : |
| : Quartz. Threshold Limit | : 250 (k) | : |
| : calculated from the formula | : | : |
| : | : | : |
| : | : %SiO2+5 | : |
| : Cristobalite | : | : |
| : Amorphous, including natural | : 20 | : |
| : diatomaceous earth | : | : |
| : SILICATES (less than 1% | : | : |
| : crystalline silica) | : | : |
| : Mica | : 20 | : |
|---|---|---|
| : Portland cement | : 50 | : |
| : Soapstone | : 20 | : |
| : Talc (non-asbestiform) | : 20 | : |
| : Talc (fibrous), use asbestos | : -- | : |
| : limit | : | : |
| : Graphite (natural) | : 15 | : |
| : | : | : |
| : Inert or Nuisance Particulates: | : 50 (or 15 mg/m3 | : |
| : (m) | : whichever is | : |
| : | : the smaller) of | : |
| : | : total dust <1% | : |
| : | : SiO2 | : |
| :---:---: |
1. (1) [Reserved]
2. (2) See Mineral Dusts Table.
3. (3) Use Asbestos Limit 1926.58.
4. (4) See 1926.58.* The PELs are 8-hour TWAs unless otherwise noted; a (C) designation denotes a ceiling limit.** As determined from breathing-zone air samples.1. a) Parts of vapor or gas per million parts of contaminated air by volume at 25C and 760 torr.
2. b) Milligrams of substance per cubic meter of air. When entry is in this column only, the value is exact; when listed with a ppm entry, it is approximate.
3. c) [Reserved]
4. d) The CAS number is for information only. Enforcement is based on the substance name. For an entry covering more than one metal compound, measured as the metal, the CAS number for the metal is given--not CAS numbers for the individual compounds.
5. e-f) [Reserved]
6. g) For sectors excluded from 1926.1128 the limit is 10 ppm TWA.
7. h) Where OSHA has published a proposal for a substance but has not issued a final rule, the proposal is referenced and the existing limit is published.
8. i) [Reserved]
9. j) Millions of particles per cubic foot of air, based on impinger samples counted by light-field techniques.
10. k) The percentage of crystalline silica in the formula is the amount determined from airborne samples, except in those instances in which other methods have been shown to be applicable.
11. l) [Reserved]
12. m) Covers all organic and inorganic particulates not otherwise regulated. Same as Particulates Not Otherwise Regulated.
The 1970 TLV uses letter designations instead of a numerical value as follows:
A(1) [Reserved]
A(2) Polytetrafluoroethylene decomposition products. Because these products decompose in part by hydrolysis in alkaline solution, they can be quantitatively determined in air as fluoride to provide an index of exposure. No TLV is recommended pending determination of the toxicity of the products, but air concentrations should be minimal.
A(3) Gasoline and/or Petroleum Distillates. The composition of these materials varies greatly and thus a single TLV for all types of these materials is no longer applicable. The content of benzene, other aromatics and additives should be determined to arrive at the appropriate TLV.
E) Simple asphyxiants. The limiting factor is the available oxygen which shall be at least 19.5% and be within the requirements addressing explosion in part 1926.
[39 FR 22801, June 24, 1974, as amended at 51 FR 37007, Oct. 17, 1986; 52 FR 46312, Dec. 4, 1987]
1926.56 Illumination.
(a) General. Construction areas, ramps, runways, corridors, offices, shops, and storage areas shall be lighted to not less than the minimum illumination intensities listed in Table D-3 while any work is in progress: STEP
TABLE D-3 - MINIMUM ILLUMINATION INTENSITIES IN FOOT-CANDLES
| Foot- : | Area of Operation |
|---|---|
| Candles : | |
| 5...: | General construction area lighting. |
| 3...: | General construction areas, concrete placement, : excavation and waste areas, accessways, active storage : areas, loading platforms, refueling, and field : maintenance areas. |
| 5...: | Indoors: warehouses, corridors, hallways, and exitways. |
| 5...: | Tunnels, shafts, and general underground work areas: : (Exception: minimum of 10 foot-candles is required at : tunnel and shaft heading during drilling, mucking, and : scaling. Bureau of Mines approved cap lights shall : be acceptable for use in the tunnel heading) |
| 10...: | General construction plant and shops (e.g., batch plants, : screening plants, mechanical and electrical equipment : rooms, carpenter shops, rigging lofts and active store : rooms, mess halls, and indoor toilets and workrooms.) |
| 30...: | First aid stations, infirmaries, and offices. |
(b) Other areas. For areas or operations not covered above, refer to the American National Standard STEP
(a) General. Whenever hazardous substances such as dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases exist or are produced in the course of construction work, their concentrations shall not exceed the limits specified in 1926.55(a). When ventilation is used as an engineering control method, the system shall be installed and operated according to the requirements of this section.
(b) Local exhaust ventilation. Local exhaust ventilation when used as described in (a) shall be designed to prevent dispersion into the air of dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases in concentrations causing harmful exposure. Such exhaust systems shall be so designed that dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases are not drawn through the work area of employees. STEP
(c) Design and operation. Exhaust fans, jets, ducts, hoods, separators, and all necessary appurtenances, including refuse receptacles, shall be so designed, constructed, maintained and operated as to ensure the required protection by maintaining a volume and velocity of exhaust air sufficient to gather dusts, fumes, vapors, or gases from said equipment or process, and to convey them to suitable points of safe disposal, thereby preventing their dispersion in harmful quantities into the atmosphere where employees work.
STEP
(d) Duration of operations.
(1) The exhaust system shall be in operation continually during all operations which it is designed to serve. If the employee remains in the contaminated zone, the system shall continue to operate after the cessation of said operations, the length of time to depend upon the individual circumstances and effectiveness of the general ventilation system. STEP
(2) Since dust capable of causing disability is, according to the best medical opinion, of microscopic size, tending to remain for hours in suspension in still air, it is essential that the exhaust system be continued in operation for a time after the work process or equipment served by the same shall have ceased, in order to ensure the removal of the harmful elements to the required extent. For the same reason, employees wearing respiratory equipment should not remove same immediately until the atmosphere seems clear.
(e) Disposal of exhaust materials. The air outlet from every dust separator, and the dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases collected by an exhaust or ventilating system shall discharge to the outside atmosphere. Collecting systems which return air to work area may be used if concentrations which accumulate in the work area air do not result in harmful exposure to employees. Dust and refuse discharged from an exhaust system shall be disposed of in such a manner that it will not result in harmful exposure to employees.
(i) Abrasive. A solid substance used in an abrasive blasting operation.
(ii) Abrasive-blasting respirator. A continuous flow air-line respirator constructed so that it will cover the wearer's head, neck, and shoulders to protect him from rebounding abrasive.
(iii) Blast cleaning barrel. A complete enclosure which rotates on an axis, or which has an internal moving tread to tumble the parts, in order to expose various surfaces of the parts to the action of an automatic blast spray.
(iv) Blast cleaning room. A complete enclosure in which blasting operations are performed and where the operator works inside of the room to operate the blasting nozzle and direct the flow of the abrasive material.
(v) Blasting cabinet. An enclosure where the operator stands outside and operates the blasting nozzle through an opening or openings in the enclosure.
(vi) Clean air. Air of such purity that it will not cause harm or discomfort to an individual if it is inhaled for extended periods of time.
(vii) Dust collector. A device or combination of devices for separating dust from the air handled by an exhaust ventilation system.
(viii) Exhaust ventilation system. A system for removing contaminated air from a space, comprising two or more of the following elements (a) enclosure or hood, (b) duct work, (c) dust collecting equipment, (d) exhauster, and (e) discharge stack.
(ix) Particulate-filter respirator. An air purifying respirator, commonly referred to as a dust or a fume respirator, which removes most of the dust or fume from the air passing through the device.
(x) Respirable dust. Airborne dust in sizes capable of passing through the upper respiratory system to reach the lower lung passages.
(xi) Rotary blast cleaning table. An enclosure where the pieces to be cleaned are positioned on a rotating table and are passed automatically through a series of blast sprays.
(xii) Abrasive blasting. The forcible application of an abrasive to a surface by pneumatic pressure, hydraulic pressure, or centrifugal force.
(i) Abrasives and the surface coatings on the materials blasted are shattered and pulverized during blasting operations and the dust formed will contain particles of respirable size. The composition and toxicity of the dust from these sources shall be considered in making an evaluation of the potential health hazards.
(ii) The concentration of respirable dust or fume in the breathing zone of the abrasive-blasting operator or any other worker shall be kept below the levels specified in 1926.55 or other pertinent sections of this part.
(iii) Organic abrasives which are combustible shall be used only in automatic systems. Where flammable or explosive dust mixtures may be present, the construction of the equipment, including the exhaust system and all electric wiring, shall conform to the requirements of American National Standard Installation of Blower and Exhaust Systems for Dust, Stock, and Vapor Removal or Conveying, Z33.1-1961 (NFPA 91-1961), and Subpart S of this part. The blast nozzle shall be bonded and grounded to prevent the build up of static charges. Where flammable or explosive dust mixtures may be present, the abrasive blasting enclosure, the ducts, and the dust collector shall be constructed with loose panels or explosion venting areas, located on sides away from any occupied area, to provide for pressure relief in case of explosion, following the principles set forth in the National Fire Protection Association Explosion Venting Guide. NFPA 68-1954.
(i) Blast-cleaning enclosures shall be exhaust ventilated in such a way that a continuous inward flow of air will be maintained at all openings in the enclosure during the blasting operation.
(a) All air inlets and access openings shall be baffled or so arranged that by the combination of inward air flow and baffling the escape of abrasive or dust particles into an adjacent work area will be minimized and visible spurts of dust will not be observed.
(b) The rate of exhaust shall be sufficient to provide prompt clearance of the dust-laden air within the enclosure after the cessation of blasting. STEP (c) Before the enclosure is opened, the blast shall be turned off and the exhaust system shall be run for a sufficient period of time to remove the dusty air within the enclosure.
(d) Safety glass protected by screening shall be used in observation windows, where hard deep-cutting abrasives are used.
(e) Slit abrasive-resistant baffles shall be installed in multiple sets at all small access openings where dust might escape, and shall be inspected regularly and replaced when needed.
(1) Doors shall be flanged and tight when closed.
(2) Doors on blast-cleaning rooms shall be operable from both inside and outside, except that where there is a small operator access door, the large work access door may be closed or opened from the outside only.
(4) Exhaust ventilation systems.
(i) The construction, installation, inspection, and maintenance of exhaust systems shall conform to the principles and requirements set forth in American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960, and ANSI Z33.1-1961.
(a) When dust leaks are noted, repairs shall be made as soon as possible. STEP
(b) The static pressure drop at the exhaust ducts leading from the equipment shall be checked when the installation is completed and periodically thereafter to assure continued satisfactory operation. Whenever an appreciable change in the pressure drop indicates a partial blockage, the system shall be cleaned and returned to normal operating condition.
(ii) In installations where the abrasive is recirculated, the exhaust ventilation system for the blasting enclosure shall not be relied upon for the removal of fines from the spent abrasive instead of an abrasive separator. An abrasive separator shall be provided for the purpose.
(iii) The air exhausted from blast-cleaning equipment shall be discharged through dust collecting equipment. Dust collectors shall be set up so that the accumulated dust can be emptied and removed without contaminating other working areas.
(5) Personal protective equipment.
(i) Only respiratory protective equipment approved by the Bureau of
Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior (see 30 CFR Part 11) shall be used for protection of personnel against dusts produced during abrasive-blasting operations.
(ii) Abrasive-blasting respirators shall be worn by all abrasive-blasting operators:
(a) When working inside of blast-cleaning rooms, or
(b) When using silica sand in manual blasting operations where the nozzle and blast are not physically separated from the operator in an exhaust ventilated enclosure, or
(c) Where concentrations of toxic dust dispersed by the abrasive blasting may exceed the limits set in 1926.55 or other pertinent part sections of this part and the nozzle and blast are not physically separated from the operator in an exhaust-ventilated enclosure.
(iii) Particulate filter respirators, commonly referred to as dust-filter respirators, properly fitted, may be used for short, intermittent, or occasional dust exposures such as cleanup, dumping of dust collectors, or unloading shipments of sand at a receiving point, when it is not feasible to control the dust by enclosure, exhaust ventilation, or other means. Respirators used shall be approved (see 30 CFR Part 11) for protection against the specific type of dust encountered.
(a) Dust-filter respirators may be used to protect the operator of outside abrasive-blasting operations where nonsilica abrasives are used on materials having low toxicities.
(b) Dust-filter respirators shall not be used for continuous protection where silica sand is used as the blasting abrasive, or toxic materials are blasted.
(iv) A respiratory protection program as defined and described in 1926.103, shall be established wherever it is necessary to use respiratory protective equipment.
(v) Operators shall be equipped with heavy canvas or leather gloves and aprons or equivalent protection to protect them from the impact of abrasives. Safety shoes shall be worn to protect against foot injury where heavy pieces of work are handled.
(a) Safety shoes shall conform to the requirements of American National Standard for Men's Safety-Toe Footwear, Z41.1-1967.
(b) Equipment for protection of the eyes and face shall be supplied to the operator when the respirator design does not provide such protection and to any other personnel working in the vicinity of abrasive blasting operations. This equipment shall conform to the requirements of 1926.102.
(6) Air supply and air compressors. The air for abrasive-blasting respirators shall be free of harmful quantities of dusts, mists, or noxious gases, and shall meet the requirements for air purity set forth in ANSI Z9.2-1960. The air from the regular compressed air line of the plant may be used for the abrasive-blasting respirator if STEP
(i) a trap and carbon filter are installed and regularly maintained, to remove oil, water, scale, and odor, STEP
(ii) a pressure reducing diaphragm or valve is installed to reduce the pressure down to requirements of the particular type of abrasive-blasting respirator, and STEP
(iii) an automatic control is provided to either sound an alarm or shut down the compressor in case of overheating. STEP
(7) Operational procedures and general safety. Dust shall not be permitted to accumulate on the floor or on ledges outside of an abrasive-blasting enclosure, and dust spills shall be cleaned up promptly. Aisles and walkways shall be kept clear of steel shot or similar abrasive which may create a slipping hazard. STEP
(8) Scope. This paragraph (a) applies to all operations where an abrasive is forcibly applied to a surface by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure, or by centrifugal force. It does not apply to steam blasting, or steam cleaning, or hydraulic cleaning methods where work is done without the aid of abrasives.
(g) Grinding, polishing, and buffing operations
(1) Definitions applicable to this paragraph
(i) Abrasive cutting-off wheels. Organic-bonded wheels, the thickness of which is not more than one forty-eighth of their diameter for those up to, and including, 20 inches in diameter, and not more than one-sixth of their diameter for those larger than 20 inches in diameter, used for a multitude of operations variously known as cutting, cutting off, grooving, slotting, coping, and jointing, and the like. The wheels may be 'solid' consisting of organic-bonded abrasive material throughout, 'steel centered' consisting of a steel disc with a rim of organic-bonded material moulded around the periphery, or of the 'inserted tooth' type consisting of a steel disc with organic-bonded abrasive teeth or inserts mechanically secured around the periphery.
(ii) Belts. All power-driven, flexible, coated bands used for grinding, polishing, or buffing purposes.
(iii) Branch pipe. The part of an exhaust system piping that is connected directly to the hood or enclosure.
(iv) Cradle. A movable fixture, upon which the part to be ground or polished is placed.
(v) Disc wheels. All power-driven rotatable discs faced with abrasive materials, artificial or natural, and used for grinding or polishing on the side of the assembled disc.
(vi) Entry loss. The loss in static pressure caused by air flowing into a duct or hood. It is usually expressed in inches of water gauge.
(vii) Exhaust system. A system consisting of branch pipes connected to hoods or enclosures, one or more header pipes, an exhaust fan, means for separating solid contaminants from the air flowing in the system, and a discharge stack to outside.
(viii) Grinding wheels. All power-driven rotatable grinding or abrasive wheels, except disc wheels as defined in this standard, consisting of abrasive particles held together by artificial or natural bonds and used for peripheral grinding.
(ix) Header pipe (main pipe). A pipe into which one or more branch pipes enter and which connects such branch pipes to the remainder of the exhaust system.
(x) Hoods and enclosures. The partial or complete enclosure around the wheel or disc through which air enters an exhaust system during operation.
(xi) Horizontal double-spindle disc grinder. A grinding machine carrying two power-driven, rotatable, coaxial, horizontal spindles upon the inside ends of which are mounted abrasive disc wheels used for grinding two surfaces simultaneously.
(xii) Horizontal single-spindle disc grinder. A grinding machine carrying an abrasive disc wheel upon one or both ends of a power-driven, rotatable single horizontal spindle.
(xiii) Polishing and buffing wheels. All power-driven rotatable wheels composed all or in part of textile fabrics, wood, felt, leather, paper, and may be coated with abrasives on the periphery of the wheel for purposes of polishing, buffing, and light grinding.
(xiv) Portable grinder. Any power-driven rotatable grinding, polishing, or buffing wheel mounted in such manner that it may be manually manipulated.
(xv) Scratch brush wheels. All power-driven rotatable wheels made from wire or bristles, and used for scratch cleaning and brushing purposes.
(xvi) Swing-frame grinder. Any power-driven rotatable grinding, polishing, or buffing wheel mounted in such a manner that the wheel with its supporting framework can be manipulated over stationary objects.
(xvii) Velocity pressure (vp). The kinetic pressure in the direction of flow necessary to cause a fluid at rest to flow at a given velocity. It is usually expressed in inches of water gauge.
(xviii) Vertical spindle disc grinder. A grinding machine having a vertical, rotatable power-driven spindle carrying a horizontal abrasive disc wheel.
(2) Application. Wherever dry grinding, dry polishing or buffing is performed, and employee exposure, without regard to the use of respirators, exceeds the permissible exposure limits prescribed in 1926.55 or other pertinent sections of this part, a local exhaust ventilation system shall be provided and used to maintain employee exposures within the prescribed limits.
(3) Hood and branch pipe requirements.
(i) Hoods connected to exhaust systems shall be used, and such hoods shall be designed, located, and placed so that the dust or dirt particles shall fall or be projected into the hoods in the direction of the air flow. No wheels, discs, straps, or belts shall be operated in such manner and in such direction as to cause the dust and dirt particles to be thrown into the operator's breathing zone.
(ii) Grinding wheels on floor stands, pedestals, benches, and special-purpose grinding machines and abrasive cutting-off wheels shall have not less than the minimum exhaust volumes shown in Table D-57.1 with a recommended minimum duct velocity of 4,500 feet per minute in the branch and 3,500 feet per minute in the main. The entry losses from all hoods except the vertical-spindle disc grinder hood, shall equal 0.65 velocity pressure for a straight takeoff and 0.45 velocity pressure for a tapered takeoff. The entry loss for the vertical-spindle disc grinder hood is shown in figure D-57.1 (following paragraph (b) of this section).
TABLE D-57.1 - GRINDING AND ABRASIVE CUTTING-OFF WHEELS
| Wheel diameter (inches) : Wheel width : Minimum exhaust : (inches) : volume (feet (3)/min.) | ||
|---|---|---|
| To 9... | 1 1/2 : | 220 |
| Over 9 to 16... | 2 : | 390 |
| Over 16 to 19... | 3 : | 500 |
| Over 19 to 24... | 4 : | 610 |
| Over 24 to 30... | 5 : | 880 |
| Over 30 to 36... | 6 : | 1,200 |
For any wheel wider than wheel diameters shown in Table D-57.1, increase the exhaust volume by the ratio of the new width to the width shown.
Example:
If wheel width=4 1/2 inches, then
4.5 divided by 4 X 610=686 (rounded to 690).
(iii) Scratch-brush wheels and all buffing and polishing wheels mounted on floor stands, pedestals, benches, or special-purpose machines shall have not less than the minimum exhaust volume shown in Table D-57.2.
TABLE D-57.2 - BUFFING AND POLISHING WHEELS
| Wheel diameter (inches) : Wheel width : Minimum exhaust : (inches) : volume (feet (3)/min.) | ||
|---|---|---|
| To 9... | 2 : | 300 |
| Over 9 to 16... | 3 : | 500 |
| Over 16 to 19... | 4 : | 610 |
| Over 19 to 24... | 5 : | 740 |
| Over 24 to 30... | 6 : | 1,040 |
| Over 30 to 36... | 6 : | 1,200 |
(iv) Grinding wheels or discs for horizontal single-spindle disc grinders shall be hooded to collect the dust or dirt generated by the grinding operation and the hoods shall be connected to branch pipes having exhaust volumes as shown in Table D-57.3.
TABLE D-57.3 - HORIZONTAL SINGLE-SPINDLE DISC GRINDER
| Disc diameter (inches) | : Exhaust : volume : (cu. ft./min.) |
|---|---|
| Up to 12... | 220 |
| Over 12 to 19... | 390 |
| Over 19 to 30... | 610 |
| Over 30 to 36... | 880 |
(v) Grinding wheels or discs for horizontal double-spindle disc grinders shall have a hood enclosing the grinding chamber and the hood shall be connected to one or more branch pipes having exhaust volumes as shown in Table D-57.4.
TABLE D-57.4 - HORIZONTAL DOUBLE-SPINDLE DISC GRINDER
| Disc diameter (inches) | : Exhaust : volume : (cu. ft./min.) |
|---|---|
| Up to 19 | 610 |
| Over 19 to 25 | 880 |
| Over 25 to 30 | 1,200 |
| Over 30 to 53 | 1,770 |
| Over 53 to 72 | 6,280 |
(vi) Grinding wheels or discs for vertical single-spindle disc grinders shall be encircled with hoods to remove the dust generated in the operation. The hoods shall be connected to one or more branch pipes having exhaust volumes as shown in Table D-57.5.
TABLE D-57.5 - VERTICAL SPINDLE DISC GRINDER
| Disc diameter (inches) | : One-half or more : of disc covered | : Disc not covered |
|---|---|---|
| : Number : Exhaust : (1) : foot (3)/min. | : Number : Exhaust : (1) : foot (3)/min. | |
| Up to 20 | 1 : 500 | 2 : 780 |
| Over 20 to 30 | 2 : 780 | 2 : 1,480 |
| Over 30 to 53 | 2 : 1,770 | 4 : 3,530 |
| Over 53 to 72 | 2 : 3,140 | 5 : 6,010 |
Footnote(1) Number of exhaust outlets around periphery of hood, or equal distribution provided by other means.
(vii) Grinding and polishing belts shall be provided with hoods to remove dust and dirt generated in the operations and the hoods shall be connected to branch pipes having exhaust volumes as shown in Table D-57.6.
TABLE D-57.6 - GRINDING AND POLISHING BELTS
| Belts width (inches) | : Exhaust : volume : (cu. ft./min.) |
|---|---|
| Up to 3 | 220 |
| Over 3 to 5 | 300 |
| Over 5 to 7 | 390 |
| Over 7 to 9 | 500 |
| Over 9 to 11 | 610 |
| Over 11 to 13 | 740 |
(viii) Cradles and swing-frame grinders. Where cradles are used for handling the parts to be ground, polished, or buffed, requiring large partial enclosures to house the complete operation, a minimum average air velocity of 150 feet per minute shall be maintained over the entire opening of the enclosure. Swing-frame grinders shall also be exhausted in the same manner as provided for cradles. (See fig. G-3)
(ix) Where the work is outside the hood, air volumes must be increased as shown in American Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960 (section 4, exhaust hoods).
(i) Exhaust systems for grinding, polishing, and buffing operations should be designed in accordance with American Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960.
(ii) Exhaust systems for grinding, polishing, and buffing operations shall be tested in the manner described in American Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960.
(iii) All exhaust systems shall be provided with suitable dust collectors.
(a) It is the dual function of grinding and abrasive cutting-off wheel hoods to protect the operator from the hazards of bursting wheels as well as to provide a means for the removal of dust and dirt generated. All hoods shall be not less in structural strength than specified in the American National Standard Safety Code for the Use, Care, and Protection of Abrasive Wheels, B7.1-1970.
(b) Due to the variety of work and types of grinding machines employed, it is necessary to develop hoods adaptable to the particular machine in question, and such hoods shall be located as close as possible to the operation.
(ii) Exhaust hoods for floor stands, pedestals, and bench grinders shall be designed in accordance with figure G-2. The adjustable tongue shown in the figure shall be kept in working order and shall be adjusted within one-fourth inch of the wheel periphery at all times.
(iii) Swing-frame grinders shall be provided with exhaust booths as indicated in figure G-3.
(iv) Portable grinding operations, whenever the nature of the work permits, shall be conducted within a partial enclosure. The opening in the enclosure shall be no larger than is actually required in the operation and an average face air velocity of not less than 200 feet per minute shall be maintained.
(v) Hoods for polishing and buffing and scratch-brush wheels shall be constructed to conform as closely to figure D-57.4 as the nature of the work will permit.
(vi) Cradle grinding and polishing operations shall be performed within a partial enclosure similar to figure G-5. The operator shall be positioned outside the working face of the opening of the enclosure. The face opening of the enclosure should not be any greater in area than that actually required for the performance of the operation and the average air velocity into the working face of the enclosure shall not be less than 150 feet per minute.
(vii) Hoods for horizontal single-spindle disc grinders shall be constructed to conform as closely as possible to the hood shown in figure G-6. It is essential that there be a space between the back of the wheel and the hood, and a space around the periphery of the wheel of at least 1 inch in order to permit the suction to act around the wheel periphery. The opening on the side of the disc shall be no larger than is required for the grinding operation, but must never be less than twice the area of the branch outlet.
(viii) Horizontal double-spindle disc grinders shall have a hood encircling the wheels and grinding chamber similar to that illustrated in figure G-7. The openings for passing the work into the grinding chamber should be kept as small as possible, but must never be less than twice the area of the branch outlets.
(ix) Vertical-spindle disc grinders shall be encircled with a hood so constructed that the heavy dust is drawn off a surface of the disc and the lighter dust exhausted through a continuous slot at the top of the hood as shown in figure D-57.1.
(x) Grinding and polishing belt hoods shall be constructed as close to the operation as possible. The hood should extend almost to the belt, and 1-inch wide openings should be provided on either side. Figure G-8 shows a typical hood for a belt operation.
FIGURE D-57.1 VERTICAL SPINDLE DISC GRINDER EXHAUST HOOD AND BRANCH PIPE CONNECTIONS
(For Figure D-57.1, see printed copy)
| :Dia D. inches : Exhaust E : Volume : | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| :Exhausted at : | |||||
| : : No : 4,500 ft/min : | |||||
| : Min. : Max. : Pipes : Dia. : ft3/min : Note : | |||||
| :20 : 1 : 4 1/4 : 500 : When one-half or more of : | |||||
| : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : | |||||
| : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : | |||||
| : Over 20 : 30 : 2 : 4 : 780 : : | |||||
| : Over 30 : 72 : 2 : 6 : 1,770 : : | |||||
| : Over 53 : 72 : 2 : 8 : 3,140 : : | |||||
| :20 : 2 : 4 : 780 : : | |||||
| : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : |
Entry loss=1.0 slot velocity pressure + 0.5 branch velocity pressure.
Minimum slot velocity=2,000 ft/min- 1/2 -inch slot width.
FIGURE D-57.2 STANDARD GRINDER HOOD
(For Figure D-57.2, see printed copy)
| :Wheel dimension, inches : | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| :Exhaust : Volume of : | |||||
| :Diameter : Width, : outlet, : air at : | |||||
| :Max : inches E : 4,500 : | |||||
| :Min=d : Max=D : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : | |||||
| :9 : 1 1/2 : 3 : 220 : | |||||
| :Over 9 : 16 : 2 : 4 : 390 : | |||||
| :Over 16 : 19 : 3 : 4 1/2 : 500 : | |||||
| :Over 19 : 24 : 4 : 5 : 610 : |
: Over 24 : 30 : 5 : 6 : 880 : : Over 30 : 36 : 6 : 7 : 1,200 :
Entry loss = 0.45 velocity pressure for tapered takeoff 0.65 velocity pressure for straight takeoff.
FIGURE D-57.3 A METHOD OF APPLYING AN EXHAUST ENCLOSURE TO SWING-FRAME GRINDERS
(For Figure D-57.3, see printed copy)
FIGURE D-57.4 STANDARD BUFFING AND POLISHING HOOD
(For Figure D-57.4, see printed copy)
Standard Buffing and Polishing Hood
: Wheel dimension, inches : : : : Exhaust : Volume of : : Diameter : Width, : outlet, : air at : : Max : inches E : 4,500 : : Min=d : Max=D : : ft/min : : : 9 : 2 : 3 1/2 : 300 : : Over 9 : 16 : 3 : 4 : 500 : : Over 16 : 19 : 4 : 5 : 610 : : Over 19 : 24 : 5 : 5 1/2 : 740 : : Over 24 : 30 : 6 : 6 1/2 : 1,040 : : Over 30 : 36 : 6 : 7 : 1,200 :
Entry loss = 0.15 velocity pressure for tapered takeoff; 0.65 velocity pressure for straight takeoff.
FIGURE D-57.5 CRADLE POLISHING OR GRINDING ENCLOSURE
(For Figure D-57.5, see printed copy)
Table D-57.12 - Maximum Allowable Size of Containers and Portable Tanks
: Flammable liquids : Combustible liquids : : Container type : Class IA : Class IB : Class IC : Class II : Class III : : Glass or : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :/
| : Metal drums | : | : | : | : | : | : |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| : (DOT spec.) | : 60 gal | : 60 gal | : 60 gal | : 60 gal | : 60 gal. | : |
| : Approved portable | : | : | : | : | : | : |
| : tanks | : 660 gal | : 660 gal | : 660 gal | : 660 gal | : 660 gal. | : |
| --- |
Container exemptions: (a) Medicines, beverages, foodstuffs, cosmetics, and other common consumer items, when packaged according to commonly accepted practices, shall be exempt from the requirements of 1910.106(d)(2) (i) and (ii).
(For Figure G-6, see printed copy)
| --- | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| : | : | : | Volume |
| : Dia D, inches | : Exhaust E, | : exhausted at 4, | : |
| ---: dia. inches : 500 ft/min : | |||
| : Min. | : Max. | : | : ft3/min |
| --- | |||
| : | : 12 | : 3 | : 220 |
| : Over 12 : 19 | : | 4 | : 390 |
| : Over 19 : 30 | : | 5 | : 610 |
| : Over 30 : 36 | : | 6 | : 880 |
| --- |
Note: If grinding wheels are used for disc grinding purposes, hoods must conform to structural strength and materials as described in 9.1. Entry loss = 0.45 velocity pressure for tapered takeoff.
(For Figure G-7, see printed copy)
| --- | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| : Disc dia. | : | : Volume exhaust : Note | : |
| : inches | : Exhaust E | : at 4,500 | : |
| ---: ft/min. | |||
| : Min. | : Max. : No Pipes : Dia. | : ft3/min | : |
| --- | |||
| : | : 19 | : 1 | : 5 : 610 |
| : Over 19 : 25 | : 1 | : 6 | : 880 |
| : When width ``W'' | |||
| : | : | : | : permits, exhaust ducts |
| : | : | : | : should be as near |
| : | : | : | : heaviest grinding as |
| : | : | : | : possible. |
| : Over 25 : 30 | : 1 | : 7 | : 1,200 | : | : |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| : Over 30 : 53 | : 2 | : 6 | : 1,770 | : | : |
| : Over 53 : 72 | : 4 | : 8 | : 6,280 | : | : |
Entry loss = 0.45 velocity pressure for tapered takeoff.
FIGURE G-8 A TYPICAL HOOD FOR A BELT OPERATION (For Figure G-8, see printed copy)
| : Belt width | : Exhaust | : |
|---|---|---|
| : | : volume. | : |
| : W. Inches | : ft.1/min | : |
| : Up to 3 | : 220 | : |
| : 3 to 5 | : 300 | : |
| : 5 to 7 | : 390 | : |
| : 7 to 9 | : 500 | : |
| : 9 to 11 | : 610 | : |
| : 11 to 13 | : 740 | : |
Minimum duct velocity = 4,500 ft/min branch, 3,500 ft/min main.
Entry loss = 0.45 velocity pressure for tapered takeoff; 0.65 velocity pressure for straight takeoff.
(6) Scope. This paragraph (b), prescribes the use of exhaust hood enclosures and systems in removing dust, dirt, fumes, and gases generated through the grinding, polishing, or buffing of ferrous and nonferrous metals.
(h) Spray finishing operations
(1) Definitions applicable to this paragraph
(i) Spray-finishing operations. Spray-finishing operations are employment of methods wherein organic or inorganic materials are utilized in dispersed form for deposit on surfaces to be coated, treated, or cleaned. Such methods of deposit may involve either automatic, manual, or electrostatic deposition but do not include metal spraying or metallizing, dipping, flow coating, roller coating, tumbling, centrifuging, or spray washing and degreasing as conducted in self-contained washing and degreasing machines or systems.
(ii) Spray booth. Spray booths are defined and described in 1926.66(a). (See sections 103, 104, and 105 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969).
(iii) Spray room. A spray room is a room in which spray-finishing operations not conducted in a spray booth are performed separately from other areas.
(iv) Minimum maintained velocity. Minimum maintained velocity is the velocity of air movement which must be maintained in order to meet minimum specified requirements for health and safety.
(2) Location and application. Spray booths or spray rooms are to be used to enclose or confine all operations. Spray-finishing operations shall be located as provided in sections 201 through 206 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969. STEP
(3) Design and construction of spray booths.
(i) Spray booths shall be designed and constructed in accordance with 1926.66(b)(1) through (4) and (6) through (10) (see sections 301-304 and 306-310 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969), for general construction specifications. For a more detailed discussion of fundamentals relating to this subject, see ANSI Z9.2-1960
(a) Lights, motors, electrical equipment, and other sources of ignition shall conform to the requirements of 1926.66 (b)(10) and (c). (See section 310 and chapter 4 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials NFPA No. 33-1969.)
(b) In no case shall combustible material be used in the construction of a spray booth and supply or exhaust duct connected to it. STEP
(ii) Unobstructed walkways shall not be less than 6 1/2 feet high and shall be maintained clear of obstruction from any work location in the booth to a booth exit or open booth front. In booths where the open front is the only exit, such exits shall be not less than 3 feet wide. In booths having multiple exits, such exits shall not be less than 2 feet wide, provided that the maximum distance from the work location to the exit is 25 feet or less. Where booth exits are provided with doors, such doors shall open outward from the booth.
(iii) Baffles, distribution plates, and dry-type overspray collectors shall conform to the requirements of 1926.66(b) (4) and (5). (See sections 304 and 305 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969.)
(a) Overspray filters shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the requirements of 1926.66 (b)(5), (see section 305 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969), and shall only be in a location easily accessible for inspection, cleaning, or replacement.
(b) Where effective means, independent of the overspray filters, are installed which will result in design air distribution across the booth cross section, it is permissible to operate the booth without the filters in place.
(iv)
(a) For wet or water-wash spray booths, the water-chamber enclosure, within which intimate contact of contaminated air and cleaning water or other cleaning medium is maintained, if made of steel, shall be 18 gage or heavier and adequately protected against corrosion.
(b) Chambers may include scrubber spray nozzles, headers, troughs, or other devices. Chambers shall be provided with adequate means for creating and maintaining scrubbing action for removal of particulate matter from the exhaust air stream.
(v) Collecting tanks shall be of welded steel construction or other suitable non-combustible material. If pits are used as collecting tanks, they shall be concrete, masonry, or other material having similar properties.
(a) Tanks shall be provided with weirs, skimmer plates, or screens to prevent sludge and floating paint from entering the pump suction box. Means for automatically maintaining the proper water level shall also be provided. Fresh water inlets shall not be submerged. They shall terminate at least one pipe diameter above the safety overflow level of the tank.
(b) Tanks shall be so constructed as to discourage accumulation of hazardous deposits.
(vi) Pump manifolds, risers, and headers shall be adequately sized to insure sufficient water flow to provide efficient operation of the water chamber.
(i) Spray rooms, including floors, shall be constructed of masonry, concrete, or other noncombustible material.
STEP
(ii) Spray rooms shall have noncombustible fire doors and shutters.
(iii) Spray rooms shall be adequately ventilated so that the atmosphere in the breathing zone of the operator shall be maintained in accordance with the requirements of subparagraph (6)(ii) of this paragraph.
(iv) Spray rooms used for production spray-finishing operations shall conform to the requirements for spray booths.
(i) Ventilation shall be provided in accordance with provisions of 1926.66(d) (see chapter 5 of the Standard for Spray Finishing Using Flammable or Combustible Materials, NFPA No. 33-1969), and in accordance with the following:
(a) Where a fan plenum is used to equalize or control the distribution of exhaust air movement through the booth, it shall be of sufficient strength or rigidity to withstand the differential air pressure or other superficially imposed loads for which the equipment is designed and also to facilitate cleaning. Construction specifications shall be at least equivalent to those of subdivision (iii) of this subparagraph.
(ii) Inlet or supply ductwork used to transport makeup air to spray booths or surrounding areas shall be constructed of noncombustible materials.
(a) If negative pressure exists within inlet ductwork, all seams and joints shall be sealed if there is a possibility of infiltration of harmful quantities of noxious gases, fumes, or mists from areas through which ductwork passes.
(b) Inlet ductwork shall be sized in accordance with volume flow requirements and provide design air requirements at the spray booth.
(c) Inlet ductwork shall be adequately supported throughout its length to sustain at least its own weight plus any negative pressure which is exerted upon it under normal operating conditions.
(iii) [Reserved]
(a) Exhaust ductwork shall be adequately supported throughout its length to sustain its weight plus any normal accumulation in interior during normal operating conditions and any negative pressure exerted upon it.
(b) Exhaust ductwork shall be sized in accordance with good design practice which shall include consideration of fan capacity, length of duct, number of turns and elbows, variation in size, volume, and character of materials being exhausted. See American National Standard Z9.2-1960 for further details and explanation concerning elements of design.
(c) Longitudinal joints in sheet steel ductwork shall be either lock-seamed, riveted, or welded. For other than steel construction, equivalent securing of joints shall be provided.
(d) Circumferential joints in ductwork shall be substantially fastened together and lapped in the direction of airflow. At least every fourth joint shall be provided with connecting flanges, bolted together, or of equivalent fastening security.
(e) Inspection or clean-out doors shall be provided for every 9 to 12 feet of running length for ducts up to 12 inches in diameter, but the distance between cleanout doors may be greater for larger pipes. (See 8.3.21 of American National Standard Z9.1-1951.) A clean-out door or doors shall be provided for servicing the fan, and where necessary, a drain shall be provided.
(f) Where ductwork passes through a combustible roof or wall, the roof or wall shall be protected at the point of penetration by open space or fire-resistive material between the duct and the roof or wall. When ducts pass through firewalls, they shall be provided with automatic fire dampers on both sides of the wall, except that three-eighth-inch steel plates may be used in lieu of automatic fire dampers for ducts not exceeding 18 inches in diameter.
(g) Ductwork used for ventilating any process covered in this standard shall not be connected to ducts ventilating any other process or any chimney or flue used for conveying any products of combustion.
(6) Velocity and air flow requirements. STEP
(i) Except where a spray booth has an adequate air replacement system, the velocity of air into all openings of a spray booth shall be not less than that specified in Table D-57.7 for the operating conditions specified. An adequate air replacement system is one which introduces replacement air upstream or above the object being sprayed and is so designed that the velocity of air in the booth cross section is not less than that specified in Table D-57.7 when measured upstream or above the object being sprayed. STEP
TABLE D-57.7 - MINIMUM MAINTAINED VELOCITIES INTO SPRAY BOOTHS
| Operating conditions for objects : completely inside booth | Crossdraft, : f.p.m. | Airflow velocities, f.p.m. Design | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electrostatic and automatic airless operation contained in booth without operator. | Negligible : : | 50 large booth : : | 50-75 : : |
| Air-operated guns, manual or automatic | Up to 50 : | 100 small booth 100 large booth | 75-125 75-125 |
| Air-operated guns, manual or automatic | Up to 100 : | 150 small booth 150 large booth | 125-175 125-175 |
| : | 200 small booth | 150-250 |
Notes:
(1) Attention is invited to the fact that the effectiveness of the spray booth is dependent upon the relationship of the depth of the booth to its height and width.
(2) Crossdrafts can be eliminated through proper design and such design should be sought. Crossdrafts in excess of 100fpm (feet per minute) should not be permitted.
(3) Excessive air pressures result in loss of both efficiency and material waste in addition to creating a backlash that may carry overspray and fumes into adjacent work areas.
(4) Booths should be designed with velocities shown in the column headed Design.'' However, booths operating with velocities shown in the column headedRange'' are in compliance with this standard.
(ii) In addition to the requirements in subdivision (i) of this subparagraph the total air volume exhausted through a spray booth shall be such as to dilute solvent vapor to at least 25 percent of the lower explosive limit of the solvent being sprayed. An example of the method of calculating this volume is given below.
Example: To determine the lower explosive limits of the most common solvents used in spray finishing, see Table D-57.8. Column 1 gives the number of cubic feet of vapor per gallon of solvent and column 2 gives the lower explosive limit (LEL) in percentage by volume of air. Note that the quantity of solvent will be diminished by the quantity of solids and nonflammables contained in the finish.
To determine the volume of air in cubic feet necessary to dilute the vapor from 1 gallon of solvent to 25 percent of the lower explosive limit, apply the following formula:
Dilution volume required per gallon of solvent = 4 (100 - LEL) (cubic feet of vapor per gallon) divided by LEL
Using toluene as the solvent.
1. LEL of toluene from Table D-57.8, column 2, is 1.4 percent.
2. Cubic feet of vapor per gallon from Table D-57.8, column 1, is 30.4 cubic feet per gallon.
3. Dilution volume required = 4 (100 - 1.4) 30.4 divided by 1.4 = 8,564 cubic feet.
4. To convert to cubic feet per minute of required ventilation, multiply the dilution volume required per gallon of solvent by the number of gallons of solvent evaporated per minute.
TABLE D-57.8 - LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT OF SOME COMMONLY USED SOLVENTS
| Solvent | : : Lower : Cubic feet : explosive : per gallon : limit in : of vapor of : percent by : liquid at : volume of air : 70 deg. F. : at 70 deg. F. |
|---|---|
| : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : | |
| Acetone | : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : |
| Amyl Acetate (iso) | : 44.0 : 2.6 |
|---|---|
| Amyl Alcohol (n) | : 21.6 : (1) 1.0 |
| Amyl Alcohol (iso) | : 29.6 : 1.2 |
| Amyl Alcohol (iso) | : 29.6 : 1.2 |
| Benzene | : 36.8 : (1) 1.4 |
| Butyl Acetate (n) | : 24.8 : 1.7 |
| Butyl Alcohol (n) | : 35.2 : 1.4 |
| Butyl Cellosolve | : 24.8 : 1.1 |
| Cellosolve | : 33.6 : 1.8 |
| Cellosolve Acetate | : 23.2 : 1.7 |
| Cyclohexanone | : 31.2 : (1) 1.1 |
| 1,1 Dichloroethylene | : 42.4 : 5.9 |
| 1,2 Dichloroethylene | : 42.4 : 9.7 |
| Ethyl Acetate | : 32.8 : 2.5 |
| Ethyl Alcohol | : 55.2 : 4.3 |
| Ethyl Lactate | : 28.0 : (1) 1.5 |
| Methyl Acetate | : 40.0 : 3.1 |
| Methyl Alcohol | : 80.8 : 7.3 |
| Methyl Cellosolve | : 40.8 : 2.5 |
| Methyl Ethyl Ketone | : 36.0 : 1.8 |
| Methyl n-Propyl Ketone | : 30.4 : 1.5 |
| Naphtha (VM&P) (76 deg. Naphtha) | : 22.4 : 0.9 |
| Naphtha (100 deg. Flash) Safety | : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : |
| Solvent - Stoddard Solvent | : 23.2 : 1.0 |
| Propyl Acetate (n) | : 27.2 : 2.8 |
| Propyl Acetate (iso) | : 28.0 : 1.1 |
| Propyl Alcohol (n) | : 44.8 : 2.1 |
| Propyl Alcohol (iso) | : 44.0 : 2.0 |
| Toluene | : 30.4 : 1.4 |
| Turpentine | : 20.8 : 0.8 |
| Xylene (o) | : 26.4 : 1.0 |
Footnote(1)At 212 deg. F.
(iii)
(a) When an operator must position himself in a booth downstream of the object being sprayed, an air supplied respirator or other type of respirator approved by the Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior or specified in ANSI Z88.2-1969 for the material being sprayed should be used by the operator.
(b) Where downdraft booths are provided with doors, such doors shall be closed when spray painting.
(i) Clean fresh air, free of contamination from adjacent industrial exhaust systems, chimneys, stacks, or vents, shall be supplied to a spray booth or room in quantities equal to the volume of air exhausted through the spray booth.
(ii) Where a spray booth or room receives make-up air through self-closing doors, dampers, or louvers, they shall be fully open at all times when the booth or room is in use for spraying. The velocity of air through such doors, dampers, or louvers shall not exceed 200 feet per minute. If the fan characteristics are such that the required air flow through the booth will be provided, higher velocities through the doors, dampers, or louvers may be used.
(iii)
(a) Where the air supply to a spray booth or room is filtered, the fan static pressure shall be calculated on the assumption that the filters are dirty to the extent that they require cleaning or replacement.
(b) The rating of filters shall be governed by test data supplied by the manufacturer of the filter. A pressure gage shall be installed to show the pressure drop across the filters. This gage shall be marked to show the pressure drop at which the filters require cleaning or replacement. Filters shall be replaced or cleaned whenever the pressure drop across them becomes excessive or whenever the air flow through the face of the booth falls below that specified in Table G-10.
STEP
(iv)
(a) Means for heating make-up air to any spray booth or room, before or at the time spraying is normally performed, shall be provided in all places where the outdoor temperature may be expected to remain below 55 deg. F. for appreciable periods of time during the operation of the booth except where adequate and safe means of radiant heating for all operating personnel affected is provided. The replacement air during the heating seasons shall be maintained at not less than 65 deg. F. at the point of entry into the spray booth or spray room. When otherwise unheated make-up air would be at a temperature of more than 10 deg. F. below room temperature, its temperature shall be regulated as provided in section 3.6.3 of ANSI Z9.2-1960.
(b) As an alternative to an air replacement system complying with the preceding section, general heating of the building in which the spray room or booth is located may be employed provided that all occupied parts of the building are maintained at not less than 65 deg. F. when the exhaust system is in operation or the general heating system supplemented by other sources of heat may be employed to meet this requirement.
(c) No means of heating make-up air shall be located in a spray booth.
(d) Where make-up air is heated by coal or oil, the products of combustion shall not be allowed to mix with the make-up air, and the products of combustion shall be conducted outside the building through a flue terminating at a point remote from all points where make-up air enters the building.
(e) Where make-up air is heated by gas, and the products of combustion are not mixed with the make-up air but are conducted through an independent flue to a point outside the building remote from all points where make-up air enters the building, it is not necessary to comply with paragraph (f) of this subdivision.
(f) Where make-up air to any manually operated spray booth or room is heated by gas and the products of combustion are allowed to mix with the supply air, the following precautions must be taken:
(1) The gas must have a distinctive and strong enough odor to warn workmen in a spray booth or room of its presence if in an unburned state in the make-up air.
(2) The maximum rate of gas supply to the make-up air heater burners must not exceed that which would yield in excess of 200 p.p.m. (parts per million) of carbon monoxide or 2,000 p.p.m. of total combustible gases in the mixture if the unburned gas upon the occurrence of flame failure were mixed with all of the make-up air supplied.
(3) A fan must be provided to deliver the mixture of heated air and products of combustion from the plenum chamber housing the gas burners to the spray booth or room.
(8) Scope. Spray booths or spray rooms are to be used to enclose or confine all spray finishing operations covered by this paragraph (c). This paragraph does not apply to the spraying of the exteriors of buildings, fixed tanks, or similar structures, nor to small portable spraying apparatus not used repeatedly in the same location. STEP
(i) This paragraph applies to all operations involving the immersion of materials in liquids, or in the vapors of such liquids, for the purpose of cleaning or altering the surface or adding to or imparting a finish thereto or changing the character of the materials, and their subsequent removal from the liquid or vapor, draining, and drying. These operations include washing, electroplating, anodizing, pickling, quenching, dying, dipping, tanning, dressing, bleaching, degreasing, alkaline cleaning, stripping, rinsing, digesting, and other similar operations.
(ii) Except where specific construction specifications are prescribed in this section, hoods, ducts, elbows, fans, blowers, and all other exhaust system parts, components, and supports thereof shall be so constructed as to meet conditions of service and to facilitate maintenance and shall conform in construction to the specifications contained in American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960.
(i) Open-surface tank operations shall be classified into 16 classes, numbered A-1 to D-4, inclusive.
(ii) Determination of class. Class is determined by two factors, hazard potential designated by a letter from A to D, inclusive, and rate of gas, vapor, or mist evolution designated by a number from 1 to 4, inclusive (for example, B.3).
(iii) Hazard potential is an index, on a scale of from A to D, inclusive, of the severity of the hazard associated with the substance contained in the tank because of the toxic, flammable, or explosive nature of the vapor, gas, or mist produced therefrom. The toxic hazard is determined from the concentration, measured in parts by volume of a gas or vapor, per million parts by volume of contaminated air (p.p.m.), or in milligrams of mist per cubic meter of air (mg./meter (3)), below which ill effects are unlikely to occur to the exposed worker. The concentrations shall be those in 1926.55 or other pertinent sections of this part.
(iv) The relative fire or explosion hazard is measured in degrees Fahrenheit in terms of the closed-cup flash point of the substance in the tank. Detailed information on the prevention of fire hazards in dip tanks may be found in Dip Tanks Containing Flammable or Combustible Liquids, NFPA No. 34-1966, National Fire Protection Association. Where the tank contains a mixture of liquids, other than organic solvents, whose effects are additive, the hygienic standard of the most toxic component (for example, the one having the lowest p.p.m. or mg./meter (3) shall be used, except where such substance constitutes an insignificantly small fraction of the mixture. For mixtures of organic solvents, their combined effect, rather than that of either individually, shall determine the hazard potential. In the absence of information to the contrary, the effects shall be considered as additive. If the sum of the ratios of the airborne concentration of each contaminant to the toxic concentration of that contaminant exceeds unity, the toxic concentration shall be considered to have been exceeded. (See Note A to subdivision (v) of this subparagraph.)
(v) Hazard potential shall be determined from Table D-57.9, with the value indicating greater hazard being used. When the hazardous material may be either a vapor with a threshold limit value (TLV) in p.p.m. or a mist with a TLV in mg./meter (3), the TLV indicating the greater hazard shall be used (for example, A takes precedence over B or C; B over C; C over D).
NOTE A:
(c1 divided by TLV1) + (c2 divided by TLV2) + (c3 divided by TLV3) + ; . . . (cN divided by TLVN) 1
where:
c = Concentration measured at the operation in p.p.m.
TABLE D-57.9 - DETERMINATION OF HAZARD POTENTIAL
| Toxicity group | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| : _____ | |||
| : _____ | |||
| Hazard potential | Gas or vapor | Mist (mg./m3) | Flash point (in deg. F) |
| : _____ | |||
| : _____ | |||
| A...: | 0-10 : | 0-0.1 : | ... |
| B...: | 11-100 : | 0.11-1.0 : | Under 100 |
| C...: | 101-500 : | 1.1-10 : | 100-200 |
| D...: | Over 500 : | Over 10 : | Over 200 |
| : _____ |
(vi) Rate of gas, vapor, or mist evolution is a numerical index, on a scale of from 1 to 4, inclusive, both of the relative capacity of the tank to produce gas, vapor, or mist and of the relative energy with which it is projected or carried upwards from the tank. Rate is evaluated in terms of
(a) The temperature of the liquid in the tank in degrees Fahrenheit;
(b) The number of degrees Fahrenheit that this temperature is below the boiling point of the liquid in degrees Fahrenheit;
(c) The relative evaporation of the liquid in still air at room temperature in an arbitrary scale-fast, medium, slow, or nil; and
(d) The extent that the tank gases or produces mist in an arbitrary scale-high, medium, low, and nil. (See Table D-57.10, Note 2.) Gassing depends upon electrochemical or mechanical processes, the effects of which have to be individually evaluated for each installation (see Table D-57.10, Note 3).
(vii) Rate of evolution shall be determined from Table D-57.10. When evaporation and gassing yield different rates, the lowest numerical value shall be used.
TABLE D-57.10 - DETERMINATION OF RATE OF GAS, VAPOR, OR MIST EVOLUTION (1)
| Rate | Liquid Temp. Deg. F. | Degrees below boiling point | Relative evaporation (2) | Gassing (3) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Over 200 | 0-20 | Fast | High. |
| 2 | 150-200 | 21-50 | Medium | Medium. |
| 3 | 94-149 | 51-100 | Slow | Low. |
| 4 | Under 94 | Over 100 | Nil | Nil. |
Footnote(1) In certain classes of equipment, specifically vapor degreasers, an internal condenser or vapor level thermostat is used to prevent the vapor from leaving the tank during normal operation. In such cases, rate of vapor evolution from the tank into the workroom is not dependent upon the factors listed in the table, but rather upon abnormalities of operating procedure, such as carryout of vapors from excessively fast action, dragout of liquid by entrainment in parts, contamination of solvent by water and other materials, or improper heat balance. When operating procedure is excellent, effective rate of evolution may be taken as 4. When operating procedure is average, the effective rate of evolution may be taken as 3. When operation is poor, a rate of 2 or 1 is indicated, depending upon observed conditions.
Footnote(2) Relative evaporation rate is determined according to the methods described by A. K. Doolittle in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 27, p. 1169, (3) where time for 100-percent evaporation is as follows: Fast: 0-3 hours; Medium: 3-12 hours; Slow: 12-50 hours; Nil: more than 50 hours.
Footnote(3) Gassing means the formation by chemical or electrochemical action of minute bubbles of gas under the surface of the liquid in the tank and is generally limited to aqueous solutions.
(3) Ventilation. Where ventilation is used to control potential exposures to workers as defined in subparagraph (2)(iii) of this paragraph, it shall be adequate to reduce the concentration of the air contaminant to the degree that a hazard to the worker does not exist. Methods of ventilation are discussed in American National Standard Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems, Z9.2-1960.
(4) Control requirements.
(i) Control velocities shall conform to Table D-57.11 in all cases where the flow of air past the breathing or working zone of the operator and into the hoods is undisturbed by local environmental conditions, such as open windows, wall fans, unit heaters, or moving machinery.
(ii) All tanks exhausted by means of hoods which
(a) Project over the entire tank;
(b) Are fixed in position in such a location that the head of the workman, in all his normal operating positions while working at the tank, is in front of all hood openings; and
(c) Are completely enclosed on at least two sides, shall be considered to be exhausted through an enclosing hood.
(d) The quantity of air in cubic feet per minute necessary to be exhausted through an enclosing hood shall be not less than the product of the control velocity times the net area of all openings in the enclosure through which air can flow into the hood.
Table D-57.11 Control Velocities in Feet Per Minute (f.p.m.) for Undisturbed Locations[{"box_2d": [111, 665, 806, 890], "label": "table", "caption": "| : | : | Enclosing hood | : | : | Canopy hood(2) | : | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | | : | : | : | : | : | : | : | | : | : | : | : | : | : | : |
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