State v. StubbsState v. Stubbs
For Plaintiff-Appellee: Attorney Jane Hanlin Prosecuting Attorney 16001 State Route 7 Steubenville, Ohio 43952
For Defendant-Appellant: Attorney Eric Reszke Suite 810, Sinclair Building 100 North 4th Street Steubenville, Ohio 43952
JUDGES: Hon. Joseph J. Vukovich Hon. Cheryl L. Waite Hon. Mary DeGenaro
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Quintae Stubbs appeals after being convicted by a jury of having a weapon while under a disability in the Jefferson County Common Pleas Court. Appellant raises two assignments of error arguing that the verdict is contrary to the manifest weight of the evidence, and that the trial court abused its discretion in sentencing him to 30 months imprisonment. For the reasons expressed below, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
{¶2} On May 23, 2013 Steubenville Police Officer Palmer had a brief encounter with appellant and Michaelis Forster at the Fort Steuben Mall after observing that Forster wore a completely unzipped hooded sweatshirt exposing his entire chest area, which is considered inappropriate attire for the premises. Palmer asked Forster to either zip up the sweatshirt or leave the premises. Forster then left the premises with Stubbs.
{¶3} Because Stubbs exhibited nervous behavior and repeatedly asked if he could leave and whether he was “good here“, Palmer called dispatch to inquire about his identity, describing him as a black male with facial tattoos. Palmer learned that the man was Quintae Stubbs and that he had an active arrest warrant out of the Steubenville Municipal Court. Palmer attempted to follow the men to the end of mall property, at which point several Steubenville officers joined the search. After a lengthy search, Officer Ellis spotted the two men getting into a vehicle in a McDonald‘s parking lot. Apparently, Stubbs recognized the people in the car, Joseph Ware and Tina McGee, and they agreed to drive him back to Steubenville for ten dollars.
{¶4} After the car ventured onto the road, Ellis initiated a traffic stop. He saw the person behind the driver‘s seat move towards the left and pull his hat down as though attempting to avoid identification. When Officer Ellis approached the car, he observed Stubbs as the person in the backseat behind the driver‘s seat. Forster was seated next to Stubbs, Ware was in the driver‘s seat, and McGee was in the front
{¶5} Officer Ellis arrested Stubbs in accordance with the active bench warrant and conducted a search of the vehicle, which was said to be in disarray. He found a black handgun inside an unzipped pink purse on the backseat floor located directly in front of and below where Stubbs had been sitting. The firearm had a live round in the chamber and additional rounds in the magazine. According to testimony from Ware, the purse had been lying on Stubbs’ seat before he entered the vehicle. Ware also testified that he did not see a gun when he previously observed the purse on the seat.
{¶6} McGee testified that she observed Stubbs move around in the backseat and pull his hat down after seeing the emergency lights behind them. She testified that “[a]s we were getting pulled over I witnessed the African-American with the tattoos on his face fumbling around in the back seat and it looked like he shoved something in the back seat and behind the driver‘s seat.” Upon witnessing his movements, she told him, “whatever you‘re doing back there, don‘t put nothing in my car.”
{¶7} Ware similarly testified that he observed Stubbs slump down, pull his hat down towards his face, and move around in the backseat. Forster also testified that he witnessed Stubbs reach as if he wanted to put on his seatbelt or take something out of his side when the emergency lights activated behind them, but he could not tell specifically what Stubbs was doing. Appellant denied ownership of the gun, but told police he knew the gun was in the purse.
{¶8} Stubbs was convicted by a jury of having a weapon under a disability, a felony of the third-degree. See
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER ONE
{¶9} Appellant‘s first assignment of error alleges:
{¶11} A challenge based on manifest weight of the evidence looks to the greater amount of credible evidence that supports one side more than the other. State v. McCrary, 7th Dist. No. 12MA135, 2014-Ohio-1468, ¶ 73, citing State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d 380, 387, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). While reviewing the entire record, the reviewing court “weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and determines whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the jury clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed and a new trial ordered.” Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d at 387, quoting State v. Martin, 20 Ohio App.3d 172, 175, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983).
{¶12} Only a unanimous three-judge panel can reverse a jury verdict on manifest weight grounds.
{¶13} Thus, if there are two reasonable interpretations of the evidence, the court will not find that the jury clearly lost its way. McCrary, 7th Dist. No. 12MA135 at ¶ 74, citing Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d at 387. Consequently, appellate courts are especially deferential to a jury verdict and avoid inserting the court as “the thirteenth juror.” Id. Finally, circumstantial evidence possesses the same probative value as direct evidence. State v. Nicely, 39 Ohio St.3d 147, 150, 529 N.E.2d 1236 (1988).
{¶15} Appellant states that neither Ware nor McGee had inspected the car prior to the search and had no way of knowing whether the firearm was in the car prior to appellant entering the vehicle. He notes the messy condition of the car. He points out that no witnesses observed a firearm on his person and that he denied ownership of the gun to police. He urges that his behavior in the vehicle was consistent with a person attempting to avoid detainment due to an active bench warrant and need not be attributable to an attempt to hide a firearm.
{¶16} The state counters that no part of the statute in question requires a defendant to physically possess the firearm at the time of arrest. Thus, it is of no consequence that the gun was not observed on appellant‘s person or found on his body. It is emphasized that appellant‘s behavior after seeing the emergency lights was noticeable to the other occupants and to Officer Ellis and seemed suspicious enough to prompt McGee to warn appellant: “whatever you‘re doing back there, don‘t put nothing in my car.”
{¶17} Several districts have dealt with similar manifest weight of the evidence cases where a firearm was found in a vehicle containing multiple passengers, each of which could theoretically have possessed the firearm. See State v. Whitaker, 4th Dist. No. 07CA3168, 2008-Ohio-4149 (upholding conviction for having a weapon while under a disability was upheld where a gun was found in the area of the defendant after the officer observed him duck down and make furtive movements); State v. Tisdel, 8th Dist. No. 875, 2006-Ohio-6763 (affirming conviction for having a weapon while under disability conviction where a gun was found after the officer observed the defendant move around and appear to “shove something” under a seat after being pulled over); State v. Turner, 1st Dist. No. C-810453 (Sept. 8, 1982) (affirming conviction where an officer found a gun underneath a seat after observing the defendant in the backseat of the car bend down and then sit back). Compare
{¶18} Appellant makes much of the fact that the gun was never observed on his body nor was it found on his body. However, this fact does not in and of itself render the verdict against the manifest weight of the evidence. Whether individual members of this court believe that appellant was guilty is not the issue; rather, the issue is whether a reasonable juror could have found him guilty. As to whether the witnesses were credible, the jury was in the best position to determine credibility, and we will not second-guess the jurors’ determination. Considering the testimony regarding appellant‘s actions and behavior, a reasonable juror could have found that he possessed the gun.
{¶19} Accordingly, we cannot say that the jury clearly lost its way and that the verdict resulted in a manifest miscarriage of justice. This assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER TWO
{¶20} Appellant‘s second assignment of error alleges:
{¶21} “THE TRIAL COURT COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR IN SENTENCING THE DEFENDANT TO THIRTY (30) MONTHS IMPRISONMENT.”
{¶22} A defendant contesting his sentence can argue that the sentencing court did not comply with all applicable rules and statutes in imposing the sentence and that the sentence is clearly and convincingly contrary to law. State v. Kalish, 120 Ohio St.3d 23, 2008-Ohio-4912, 896 N.E.2d 124, ¶ 4. A defendant can also contend that the sentence imposed by the trial court is an abuse-of-discretion. Id. See also State v. Scott, 7th Dist. No 13MA47, 2014-Ohio-2993, ¶ 9-10 (maintaining the abuse of discretion standard). “The term ‘abuse of discretion’ connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it implies that the court‘s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable.” Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
{¶24} In sentencing a defendant, a court must weigh the seriousness and recidivism factors. Under
{¶25} Under
{¶26} Under
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{¶28} Appellant was sentenced to 30 months from a sentencing range of 9 to 36 months. The prosecution recommended the maximum sentence of 36 months. In arguing that the trial court abused its discretion in sentencing him, appellant highlights the fact that his arrest lacked the presence of violence, damage to property, or an underlying criminal act. He emphasizes that he was only 22 years old and the evidence against him at trial was not overwhelming. He notes that the prior offenses mentioned at sentencing were misdemeanors — obstructing official business and assault. He claims that
{¶29} Contrary to appellant‘s assertion,
{¶31} The judge found that the factors making recidivism “more likely” outweighed the factors making recidivism “less likely“. Specifically, the judge noted that appellant‘s record began as a juvenile and includes adult felony crimes. The judge further stated that appellant had not responded favorably to probation in the past. The judge noted that appellant had previously been sentenced to prison on two occasions for separate probation violations. The judge also took note of appellant‘s lack of genuine remorse.
{¶32} Considering all of the pertinent factors, including appellant‘s criminal history and the fact that he had a bench warrant at the time of his arrest, we cannot rule that the trial court abused its discretion in sentencing appellant. This assignment of error is overruled. The judgment of the trial court is hereby affirmed.
Waite, J., concurs.
DeGenaro, P.J., concurs.