THE STATE EX REL. BATES, PROS. ATTY., v. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT.
No. 2011-1075
Supreme Court of Ohio
October 27, 2011
130 Ohio St.3d 326 | 2011-Ohio-5456
Submitted September 6, 2011
James R. Gorry, for appellants.
Per Curiam.
{¶ 1} This is an action for a writ of prohibition to prevent a court of appeals from proceeding with a delayed appeal from an order denying a pretrial constitutional challenge in a death-penalty case. Because the court of appeals patently and unambiguously lacks jurisdiction to proceed in the appeal when the order does not constitute a final, appealable order, we grant the writ.
Facts
{¶ 2} Relator, Anthony Belton, is charged with one count of aggravated murder with death-penalty specifications and two counts of aggravated robbery with firearm specifications in State v. Belton, Lucas Cty. C.P. No. CR 200802934. In February 2009, Belton filed a motion challenging the constitutionality of
{¶ 3} Nearly a year later, on October 25, 2010, Belton filed a “notice of intent to admit in accordance with
{¶ 4} On March 8, 2011, respondent, the Sixth District Court of Appeals, dismissed Belton‘s appeal from the common pleas court‘s denial of his motion for reconsideration because “[t]here is no such thing as a motion for reconsideration of a final judgment in a criminal case” and “appellant appealed a void judgment entry denying his motion for reconsideration.” State v. Belton, Lucas App. No. L-10-1347, 2011-Ohio-1141, 2011 WL 856975, ¶ 23, 25. In the context of that opinion, however, the court of appeals concluded that our decision in State v. Ketterer, 111 Ohio St.3d 70, 2006-Ohio-5283, 855 N.E.2d 48, “clearly contemplates that a constitutional challenge to
{¶ 5} On April 20, 2011, Belton filed a motion in the court of appeals for leave to file a delayed appeal from the common pleas court‘s November 30, 2009 order upholding the constitutionality of
{¶ 6} On June 24, 2011, relator, Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney Julia R. Bates, instituted this action for a writ of prohibition to prevent the court of appeals from proceeding in Belton‘s delayed appeal and to compel the dismissal of the appeal. On July 19, the court of appeals filed an answer in which it admitted all the pertinent factual allegations of the prosecutor‘s complaint.
{¶ 7} This cause is now before the court for our S.Ct.Prac.R. 10.5 determination.
Legal Analysis
S.Ct.Prac.R. 10.5 Standard
{¶ 8} We must now determine whether dismissal, an alternative writ, or a peremptory writ is appropriate. Dismissal, which the court of appeals requests in its answer, is required if it appears beyond doubt, after presuming the truth of all material factual allegations of the prosecutor‘s complaint and making all reasonable inferences in her favor, that she is not entitled to the requested
{¶ 9} If, however, after so construing the complaint, it appears that the prosecutor‘s prohibition claim may have merit, we will grant an alternative writ and issue a schedule for the presentation of evidence and briefs. State ex rel. Mason v. Burnside, 117 Ohio St.3d 1, 2007-Ohio-6754, 881 N.E.2d 224, ¶ 8.
{¶ 10} Finally, if the pertinent facts are uncontroverted and it appears beyond doubt that the prosecutor is entitled to the requested extraordinary relief in prohibition, we will grant a peremptory writ. Duke Energy at ¶ 15.
Prohibition Claim
{¶ 11} To be entitled to the requested writ of prohibition, the prosecutor must establish that (1) the court of appeals is about to exercise judicial power, (2) the exercise of that power is unauthorized by law, and (3) denying the writ would result in injury for which no other adequate remedy exists in the ordinary course of law. State ex rel. Cordray v. Marshall, 123 Ohio St.3d 229, 2009-Ohio-4986, 915 N.E.2d 633, ¶ 25. It is uncontroverted that the court of appeals is exercising judicial power by accepting jurisdiction over Belton‘s delayed appeal from the common pleas court‘s order upholding the constitutionality of
{¶ 12} For the remaining requirements, “[i]f a lower court patently and unambiguously lacks jurisdiction to proceed in a cause, prohibition * * * will issue to prevent any future unauthorized exercise of jurisdiction and to correct the results of prior jurisdictionally unauthorized actions.” State ex rel. Mayer v. Henson, 97 Ohio St.3d 276, 2002-Ohio-6323, 779 N.E.2d 223, ¶ 12. “Where jurisdiction is patently and unambiguously lacking, relators need not establish the lack of an adequate remedy at law because the availability of alternate remedies like appeal would be immaterial.” State ex rel. Sapp v. Franklin Cty. Court of Appeals, 118 Ohio St.3d 368, 2008-Ohio-2637, 889 N.E.2d 500, ¶ 15.
{¶ 13} The dispositive issue is thus whether the court of appeals patently and unambiguously lacks jurisdiction over Belton‘s delayed appeal.
Patent and Unambiguous Lack of Jurisdiction
{¶ 14} Section 3(B)(2), Article IV of the Ohio Constitution establishes that courts of appeals “shall have such jurisdiction as may be provided by law to review and affirm, modify, or reverse judgments or final orders of the court of record inferior to the court of appeals within the district.” “The Ohio Rules of Appellate Procedure provide two distinct means by which a criminal defendant
{¶ 15} Under the first method, “App.R. 3(A), which grants an appeal as of right, provides that such an appeal ‘shall be taken by filing a notice of appeal with the clerk of the trial court within the time allowed by Rule 4.’ App.R. 4(A), in turn, requires an appealing party to file within 30 days of the judgment or order appealed.” Id. at ¶ 11. Belton did not fit under this category of appeal because, assuming that the November 30, 2009 order he is appealing constitutes a final, appealable order, he did not file a notice of appeal within 30 days of its entry.
{¶ 16} Pursuant to the second method, however, “if an appealing party does not comply with App.R. 4(A), App.R. 5(A) provides for an appeal by leave of the court.” Id. at ¶ 12. “These appeals, which apply in only three classes of cases [including criminal proceedings], according to App.R. 5(A)(1), require the movant to ‘set forth the reasons for the failure of the appellant to perfect an appeal as of right.’ App.R. 5(A)(2). If a movant establishes sufficient reasons justifying the delay, the appellate court may, in its discretion, grant the motion, and the case proceeds as it would have if timely filed.” Id.
{¶ 17} The court of appeals granted Belton‘s motion for delayed appeal pursuant to App.R. 5(A). But App.R. 5(A) presupposes the entry of a final, appealable order by the trial court. Silsby, 119 Ohio St.3d 370, 2008-Ohio-3834, 894 N.E.2d 667, at ¶ 10; see also Gen. Acc. Ins. Co. v. Ins. Co. of N. Am. (1989), 44 Ohio St.3d 17, 20, 540 N.E.2d 266 (“It is well-established that an order must be final before it can be reviewed by an appellate court. If an order is not final, then an appellate court has no jurisdiction“); State v. Boyd (July 28, 1994), Cuyahoga App. No. 65883, 1994 WL 393717 (court of appeals dismissed a criminal defendant‘s delayed appeal for lack of a final, appealable order).
{¶ 18}
{¶ 19} “(B) An order is a final order that may be reviewed, affirmed, modified, or reversed, with or without retrial, when it is one of the following:
{¶ 20} “(1) An order that affects a substantial right in an action that in effect determines the action and prevents a judgment;
{¶ 21} “(2) An order that affects a substantial right made in a special proceeding or upon a summary application in an action after judgment;
{¶ 22} “* * *
{¶ 23} “(4) An order that grants or denies a provisional remedy and to which both of the following apply:
{¶ 24} “(a) The order in effect determines the action with respect to the provisional remedy and prevents a judgment in the action in favor of the appealing party with respect to the provisional remedy.
{¶ 25} “(b) The appealing party would not be afforded a meaningful or effective remedy by an appeal following final judgment as to all proceedings, issues, claims, and parties in the action.”
{¶ 26} The order denying Belton‘s constitutional challenge to provisions preventing him from pleading guilty without waiving his right to a jury trial during sentencing in his capital case is not a final, appealable order under
{¶ 27} A “substantial right” is “a right that the United States Constitution, the Ohio Constitution, a statute, the common law, or a rule of procedure entitles a person to enforce or protect.”
{¶ 28} Instead, state law governs the exercise of the ability to plead guilty. Alford at 38, fn. 11; Sanders at 782.
{¶ 29} State law includes our holding in Ketterer, 111 Ohio St.3d 70, 2006-Ohio-5283, 855 N.E.2d 48, at ¶ 122-125, in which we rejected a claim that a capital defendant was denied his constitutional right to have a jury determine the penalty to be imposed because (1) the defendant waived his right to a jury trial and later pleaded guilty as charged, (2)
{¶ 30} Therefore, Belton did not have a constitutional, statutory, common-law, or regulatory right that he was entitled to enforce, and thus there was no substantial right implicated by the common pleas court‘s rejection of his constitutional challenge to
{¶ 31} Nor does the order denying Belton‘s motion satisfy the requirement of
{¶ 32}
{¶ 33} Nor is Belton necessarily precluded from raising his claim on appeal should he attempt to enter a plea under the conditions he desires—a plea of guilty only insofar as he does not waive his right to a jury trial for the sentencing phase of the criminal case. Under current law, the trial court would have to reject such a hybrid plea as not legally authorized. And upon a plea of not guilty, Belton could raise his claim on appeal should he be convicted and sentenced. There would be no claim of structural error, as was the case with the pretrial order disqualifying a criminal defendant‘s retained counsel of choice in State v. Chambliss, 128 Ohio St.3d 507, 2011-Ohio-1785, 947 N.E.2d 651, to justify a finding that postjudgment appeal would not provide a meaningful or effective remedy. Indeed, pursuant to our holding in Ketterer, 111 Ohio St.3d 70, 2006-Ohio-5283, 855 N.E.2d 48, at ¶ 122-125, there would be no error at all.
{¶ 34} Significantly, the court of appeals did not specify any provision in
{¶ 35} Therefore, because the trial court‘s order denying Belton‘s constitutional challenge did not constitute a final, appealable order, the court of appeals lacked jurisdiction to grant Belton‘s motion for a delayed appeal from the interlocutory order.
Conclusion
{¶ 36} Based on the foregoing, the court of appeals patently and unambiguously lacks jurisdiction over the criminal defendant‘s delayed appeal from the interlocutory order in the capital case. Because the facts pertinent to the complaint are uncontroverted and the prosecutor‘s entitlement to the requested extraordinary relief is clear, we grant a writ of prohibition to prevent the court of appeals from further proceeding in Belton‘s delayed appeal and to compel the court of appeals to dismiss the appeal. No further submission of evidence and briefing is required. See Sapp, 118 Ohio St.3d 368, 2008-Ohio-2637, 889 N.E.2d 500, at ¶ 14, 32.
Writ granted.
O‘CONNOR, C.J., and PFEIFER, LUNDBERG STRATTON, O‘DONNELL, LANZINGER, CUPP, and MCGEE BROWN, JJ., concur.
Julia R. Bates, Lucas County Prosecuting Attorney, and Evy M. Jarrett, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for relator.
Michael DeWine, Attorney General, and Erin Butcher-Lyden and Damian W. Sikora, Assistant Attorneys General, for respondent.