MALEK MEDIA GROUP LLC, Plaintiff and Appellant, v. AXQG CORP., Defendant and Respondent.
B299743
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT DIVISION THREE
Filed 12/16/20
CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION. (Los Angeles County Super. Ct. No. SC128419). APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, Harry Jay Ford III, Judge. Affirmed.
Eisner and Jeremiah Reynolds for Defendant and Respondent.
Malek Media Group, LLC (MMG) appeals from a judgment confirming an arbitration award in favor of AXQG, Corp. (AXQG). MMG contends the arbitration award must be vacated because the arbitrator failed to disclose his prior affiliation with an LGBTQ rights organization, GLAAD, and failed to consider material evidence. For the reasons stated below, we affirm the judgment and grant AXQG‘s motion for sanctions.
BACKGROUND
AXQG and MMG agreed to start a film production company, Foxtail Entertainment, LLC (Foxtail). Anita Gou owns AXQG. MMG‘s principal is Matthew Malek. AXQG and MMG adopted a limited liability company agreement that governed their relationship and formed Foxtail (the Foxtail agreement).
[Salafia‘s] name and hindering leads for other opportunities of work.”
Gou ultimately sought to terminate her business relationship with Malek after he made an individual withdrawal of $40,000 of Foxtail funds over her express objection. AXQG filed a demand for arbitration with JAMS. The core of AXQG‘s case was the contention that Foxtail could no longer operate as intended because Malek and Gou were irreconcilably alienated and deadlocked from working in a productive manner. AXQG‘s demand also alleged various claims against Malek and MMG for breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, and breach of the Foxtail agreement. MMG and Malek counterclaimed for breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, conversion, fraudulent concealment, and declaratory relief.2
The parties selected Ambassador David Huebner (Ret.) as arbitrator. The arbitrator had a decorated career as a diplomat and 25 years of experience handling complex commercial arbitrations. The parties did not question or comment on the arbitrator‘s fitness to preside over the proceedings. The arbitration was lengthy and hard fought, lasting seven days with 17 witnesses and over 800 exhibits. The arbitrator issued a
comprehensive 96-page final award detailing his findings and conclusions.
The arbitrator found in favor of AXQG on its claims for breach of the Foxtail agreement and breach of fiduciary duty. The arbitrator gave AXQG the sole authority to wind down Foxtail‘s business in light of Malek‘s gross negligence, willful misconduct, and “propensity for destructive delay.” AXQG was awarded its attorney fees and costs. MMG did not prevail on any
AXQG petitioned the trial court to confirm the award while MMG petitioned to vacate it. After the arbitrator issued the final award, Malek “commenced a deep-dive, internet search into [the arbitrator‘s] background.” He found the GLAAD organization website which stated that the arbitrator had been a founding board member of GLAAD and its chief counsel decades ago. MMG argued that the arbitrator failed to disclose his background and “his self-proclaimed status as a gender, social, female and LBGTQ activist and icon, while facing a matter grounded in gender and social issues, particularly sexual harassment.” Specifically, MMG asserted that the arbitrator was obligated to disclose his prior affiliation with GLAAD once made aware of Malek‘s Catholic background. MMG claimed that GLAAD was at odds with the Catholic Church after the passage of Proposition 8, which banned same-sex marriage in California. Thus, MMG asserted that GLAAD and the Catholic Church were antagonistic to each other and, by extension, the arbitrator against Malek, casting doubt on the arbitrator‘s impartiality.
MMG also argued that the arbitrator failed to hear or consider evidence, specifically, witness testimony from Stephen Epacs, an attorney who assisted Malek during the drafting of the Foxtail agreement; an exhibit consisting of a chain of emails produced by AXQG that MMG asserted were fraudulent, and improperly limited MMG‘s cross-examination of Salafia of how she thought Malek perceived her responses to his sexually explicit text messages.
The trial court summarily rejected MMG and Malek‘s arguments, confirmed the arbitration award, and entered judgment in favor of AXQG.
DISCUSSION
MMG maintains the judgment must be overturned and the arbitration award vacated because the arbitrator violated
I. Requests for judicial notice
MMG filed two requests for judicial notice on March 26 and May 11, 2020.
(2) GLAAD press releases; (3) rules promulgated by Twitter concerning the company‘s verified user accounts; (4) screen-captured tweets from the arbitrator‘s verified Twitter account; (5) exhibits that MMG attached to its petition to vacate the final award in the trial court; (6) JAMS Comprehensive Rules and Procedures; and (7) a portion of the arbitration evidentiary hearing transcript.
As a reviewing court, we are obligated by
MMG requested judicial notice of the #MeToo movement and the phrase a woman alleging sexual harassment must be believed. MMG failed to provide sufficient evidence or explanation that the #MeToo movement and the phrase a woman alleging sexual harassment must be believed are facts of such generalized knowledge that they cannot reasonably be the subject of dispute. (See
stands for in the United States.” This, however, does not make the existence of a contemporary social movement the proper subject of judicial notice. By their very nature, social movements do not have defined boundaries and their scope, meaning, and influence are subjects of debate for years after they emerge.
Next, MMG requested judicial notice of various press releases from GLAAD‘s website concerning an awards dinner hosted by the organization and a webpage describing one of GLAAD‘s anti-discrimination campaigns. MMG asserted that these materials show a connection between GLAAD and the #MeToo movement, and thus, by extension, show a “kinship” between the arbitrator and the #MeToo movement. But these materials fail to show a connection between the arbitrator and GLAAD, the #MeToo movement, or GLAAD‘s anti-discrimination campaign. MMG admits that it does not even know if the arbitrator was at the awards dinner or whether he had any involvement in GLAAD‘s campaign. The materials are irrelevant.
because the arbitration had nothing to do with social justice, religion, white privilege, or gender.
MMG requested that we take judicial notice of an extract from the evidentiary hearing during the arbitration. However, MMG has not described why this portion of the transcript is relevant to its appeal. The transcript shows a brief exchange between MMG‘s counsel and the arbitrator regarding a discovery issue and MMG‘s decision not to call an MMG witness, Carson Ulrich, who also served as MMG‘s counsel‘s litigation assistant. MMG does not claim that the arbitrator refused to hear Ulrich‘s testimony or that Ulrich‘s testimony is relevant to its argument regarding the arbitrator‘s disclosure obligations. This portion of the transcript is therefore irrelevant to the matters at issue in this appeal.
MMG requested judicial notice of the JAMS Comprehensive Rules and Procedures because MMG referenced them in its briefs. Once again, MMG failed to explain the relevance of its request. MMG‘s opening brief cites to JAMS rule 22(d), which allows the arbitrator to limit evidence if it is unduly repetitive or immaterial. MMG also cites JAMS rule 15(i) which allows a party to challenge the arbitrator for cause. The exhibits consist of a picture of the arbitrator, a list of his lectures and publications, a short biography of the arbitrator, an article from 2010 honoring the arbitrator and stating that he was a founding board member and chief counsel for GLAAD, and an article authored by the Catholic News Agency criticizing a GLAAD media guide that was released in anticipation of a visit from the pope directing media outlets to promote certain Catholic groups that supported LGBTQ rights and to scrutinize other Catholic leaders who did not. MMG asserts the exhibits are relevant to
show the arbitrator‘s background, the relationship between LGBTQ rights, the #MeToo movement, and “GLAAD‘s adverse relationship with the Catholic Church.”
The lack of relevance or authentication of these exhibits notwithstanding, MMG has plainly offered them for the truth of their contents. This is not a proper use of judicial notice. At most, we could judicially notice the existence of the press releases, but not the truth of their contents (see Unlimited Adjusting Group, Inc. v. Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (2009) 174 Cal.App.4th 883, 888 fn. 4), which are “plainly subject
Accordingly, we deny MMG‘s requests for judicial notice filed on March 26 and May 11, 2020.
II. The arbitrator was not required to disclose his prior relationship with GLAAD.
“The California Arbitration Act (
Our review, however, is limited. The only grounds for judicially vacating an arbitration award are set by statute.
(Moncharsh v. Heily & Blase (1992) 3 Cal.4th 1, 27–28.) Those grounds are in
might reasonably entertain a doubt that the judge would be able to be impartial.”
The ethics standards for neutral arbitrators directs arbitrators to disclose, among other things, “all matters that could cause a person aware of the facts to reasonably entertain a doubt that the arbitrator would be able to be impartial, including but not limited to, . . . [¶] ... [¶] (15) Any other matter that: [¶] (A) Might cause a person aware of the facts to reasonably entertain a doubt that the arbitrator would be able to be impartial.” (
Courts apply an objective test in determining whether under
The reasonable person under this objective test ” ‘is not someone who is “hypersensitive or unduly suspicious,” but rather is a “well-informed, thoughtful observer.“’ [Citations.] ‘[T]he partisan litigant emotionally involved in the controversy underlying the lawsuit is not the disinterested objective observer
whose doubts concerning the judge‘s impartiality provide the governing standard.’ [Citations.] [¶] ‘An impression of possible bias in the arbitration context means that one could reasonably form a belief that an arbitrator was biased for or against a party for a particular reason.’ ” (Haworth, supra, 50 Cal.4th at p. 389.) In this context, ” ‘[i]mpartiality’ entails the ‘absence of bias or prejudice in favor of, or against, particular parties or classes of parties, as well as maintenance of an open mind.’ ” (Ibid.) The “appearance-of-partiality ‘standard “must not be so broadly construed that it becomes, in effect, presumptive, so that recusal is mandated upon the merest unsubstantiated suggestion of personal bias or prejudice.” ’ ” (Ibid.)
MMG‘s arguments that the arbitrator was required to disclose his prior relationship with GLAAD are strained and convoluted to say the least. According to MMG, the arbitrator founded GLAAD, which MMG characterizes as a “militant, . . . social justice organization” that “engaged in civil warfare against Malek‘s Catholic church.” Next, MMG connects GLAAD with the #MeToo movement, asserting that both GLAAD and supporters of that social movement adhere to the mantra, a woman alleging sexual abuse has to be believed. Thus, MMG posits, the arbitrator‘s prior affiliation with GLAAD actually prevented him from being impartial or, at least, would give a reasonable person aware of the facts cause to doubt the arbitrator‘s impartiality in a case that primarily involved “a
sexual harassment claim by a female against an observant male Catholic.”
MMG mischaracterizes the arbitration as one that primarily involved issues of sexual harassment or social justice. The arbitration involved the dissolution of Foxtail based on the irreconcilable conflict between Malek and Gou and the numerous breaches by Malek of the Foxtail agreement, primarily, Malek‘s misuse of Foxtail funds. While there were substantiated allegations that Malek sent sexually explicit messages to a prospective employee, they were only relevant to the extent that they exposed Foxtail to reputational harm and potential litigation. The arbitrator noted that there was no need to determine whether the prospective employee could state a claim for sexual harassment against Malek as she was not a party to the arbitration. Rather, the arbitrator focused on the potential that Malek‘s actions had for exposing Foxtail to litigation. The arbitrator awarded AXQG nominal damages in the amount of $500 for this claim.
MMG‘s absurd arguments based on a mischaracterization of the underlying dispute expose MMG as a partisan litigant emotionally involved in the controversy and confirm that it is not a disinterested objective observer as set forth in Haworth, supra, 50 Cal.4th at page 389. “The arbitrator cannot reasonably be expected to identify and disclose all events in the arbitrator‘s past, including those not connected to the parties, the facts, or the issues in controversy, that conceivably might cause a party to prefer another arbitrator. Such a broad interpretation of the appearance-of-partiality rule could subject arbitration awards to after-the-fact attacks by losing parties searching for potential disqualifying information only after an adverse decision has been
made. [Citation.] Such a result would undermine the finality of arbitrations without contributing to the fairness of arbitration proceedings.” (Id. at
Rebmann v. Rohde (2011) 196 Cal.App.4th 1283 is instructive. In Rebmann, a company controlled by descendants of German army officers who served during World War II lost a commercial arbitration. Thereafter, the company performed an extensive internet search on the arbitrator‘s background because “[s]omething did not smell right.” (Id. at p. 1288.) The company discovered that the arbitrator lost family in the Holocaust and was affiliated with a club dedicated to avoiding a repeat of the Holocaust (Ibid.) The company sought to vacate the award based on the arbitrator‘s failure to disclose this part of his background. (Ibid.) Rebmann concluded that the arbitrator was not required to disclose these facts or his religious background because they had nothing to do with the commercial case before him. (Id. at p. 1292.) Rebmann also rejected the argument that the arbitrator‘s association with a minority group could serve as a basis to question his impartiality. (Id. at pp. 1292–1293.)
Like Rebmann v. Rohde, supra, 196 Cal.App.4th 1283, MMG‘s belated discovery of the arbitrator‘s prior association with GLAAD is insufficient to raise questions regarding his impartiality in a commercial case involving a Catholic litigant. If the arbitrator in Rebmann had no duty to disclose his connections to the Holocaust and Judaism to litigants who were descendants of German army officers because those issues were irrelevant to
any matter in the case, then the arbitrator here had no obligation to disclose his affiliation with GLAAD to MMG because the arbitration did not concern LGBTQ or religious rights. (See id. at pp. 1292-1293.)
Despite its assertions to the contrary, MMG cannot show that the arbitration had anything to do with LGBTQ issues, GLAAD, religion, or the Catholic Church. This is because the arbitration primarily concerned misappropriation of corporate funds, entering into agreements that conflicted with Malek‘s role as the manager of Foxtail, and exposing Foxtail to reputational harm and litigation costs. MMG has manufactured a connection with Malek‘s Catholic faith through his biographical testimony that he studied for the Catholic priesthood and that he was later involved with Catholic charities at some point prior to forming Foxtail. MMG cannot credibly argue that the arbitrator was required to disclose his affiliation with GLAAD because Malek chose to testify about his Catholic faith when that information was irrelevant to the present dispute over his managerial misconduct.
MMG‘s convoluted argument reveals itself to be that of a hypersensitive or unduly suspicious litigant rather than a well-informed, thoughtful
arbitrator was required to disclose his past affiliation with GLAAD.
III. The arbitrator did not fail to hear evidence
MMG also argues that the arbitration award should be vacated because the arbitrator failed to hear evidence material to the final award.
An arbitration award may be vacated if a party‘s rights were substantially prejudiced by the refusal of the arbitrator to hear evidence material to the controversy. (
MMG asserts that the arbitrator (1) disallowed one of MMG‘s witnesses, Stephen Epacs, from testifying; (2) prevented MMG‘s counsel from cross-examining Salafia on how she perceived Malek‘s sexually explicit text messages; and (3) excluded an exhibit that included a chain of emails that MMG argued had been doctored by AXQG and its counsel.
A. Epacs‘s testimony
MMG speculates that the arbitrator made a calculated decision to exclude MMG‘s witness, Epacs.
However, MMG has not cited to anything in the record showing that it attempted to call Epacs as a witness. If MMG believed Epacs was a material witness, MMG‘s counsel had a
duty to preserve that issue for appeal. (See Nienhouse v. Superior Court (1996) 42 Cal.App.4th 83, 93–94.) Instead, we are left with hearsay statements from MMG‘s counsel, Malek, and Ulrich that the arbitrator said he would not hear Epacs‘s testimony in an off-the-record conversation. MMG‘s self-serving hearsay statements are insufficient to show that it attempted to call Epacs as a witness. Therefore, there is no basis in the record for the contention that the arbitrator refused to hear his testimony.
B. MMG‘s cross-examination of the prospective employee
MMG argues that the arbitrator cut off its counsel‘s cross-examination of Salafia with respect to at least 50 questions regarding her responses and
The lack of support in the record notwithstanding, MMG‘s argument still fails because as the arbitrator noted, Salafia‘s
interpretation of Malek‘s text messages had no effect on the final award. “There is no need to parse and decide each point of conflict between the testimony of . . . Salafia and . . . Malek, nor to rule on whether sexual harassment under a particular body of law has been proven under the standards established therein.... [AXQG]‘s contention is that . . . Malek breached his fiduciary duties as president of Foxtail by engaging in activity with a prospective employee that could expose Foxtail to significant litigation costs and reputational damage, and that MMG, by virtue of those actions of its principal, breached the Agreement and its fiduciary duties to AXQG.” (Fn. omitted.) Thus the arbitrator concluded that the evidence was sufficient to establish that MMG and Malek exposed Foxtail to risk of significant reputational harm, litigation expense, and potential damages by reason of Malek‘s behavior. Additional testimony on the merits of a potential sexual harassment claim by Salafia was therefore immaterial to the arbitrator‘s final award.
C. Exhibit
Lastly, MMG asserts that the arbitrator failed to hear evidence on the authenticity of an exhibit consisting of a chain of emails. MMG contends the exhibit was fabricated by AXQG and its counsel and thus would have called into question AXQG‘s entire case. Again, this contention is not supported by the record.
AXQG produced the exhibit seven months before the hearing and introduced it into evidence on the first day of the hearing during the direct examination of Gou. MMG did not object to the exhibit until the last day of the hearing. MMG‘s counsel claimed to have presented Malek with the exhibit three days earlier to which Malek asserted that he had never seen the
contentions that this exhibit was “one of the most important exhibits in the entire case” and having that information prior to Malek‘s testimony, MMG‘s counsel never asked Malek anything about the exhibit on the record. Nevertheless, the arbitrator ordered the parties to meet and confer on the exhibit‘s authenticity. MMG accused of AXQG of spoliating evidence, claiming that the chain of emails had been manipulated and assembled from other emails that Malek and “cyber security experts” had determined were “removed,” “stolen,” and “manipulated” from Malek‘s computer in “the middle of the night” and sent to Gou. MMG sent the arbitrator a three-page explanation of how each part of the email chain had supposedly been manipulated to show that the exhibit was fraudulent.
After considering MMG‘s theory of AXQG‘s alleged spoliation of evidence, the arbitrator issued a separate order laying out his conclusions on the matter. MMG offered no credible explanation for why it failed to review the exhibit until the hearing was well underway or why it failed to ask Malek or any other witness about its authenticity despite having multiple opportunities to do so. The arbitrator stated that MMG‘s allegations of fabrication of evidence, hacking of computers, and theft of electronic or physical documents lacked any credible support, diligent follow up, or proper evidentiary submission. The arbitrator found that MMG had not established sufficient grounds for holding an evidentiary hearing on the authenticity of the exhibit or that it was anything but what it purported to be. The arbitrator ultimately struck the exhibit from the record, without opining on its authenticity in the final award.
Again, MMG‘s argument that the arbitrator did not consider the authenticity of the exhibit is completely unsupported
by the record. The arbitrator did hear evidence regarding the exhibit, considered it, but disagreed with MMG‘s conclusion that it carried any weight or impeached the credibility of AXQG‘s witnesses’ testimony or documentary evidence.
We conclude the arbitrator did not fail to hear evidence, and therefore affirm the trial court‘s order denying MMG‘s petition to vacate the arbitration
VI. Motion for sanctions
AXQG moved to sanction MMG and its counsel, Jeffrey S. Konvitz, in the amount of $56,0005 for filing a frivolous appeal based on the following grounds: (1) MMG‘s appeal is objectively frivolous, (2) MMG‘s appeal is subjectively frivolous, and (3) MMG‘s briefing has violated multiple rules governing appellate practice, including failing to support the factual statements with proper cites to the record. (See
of Court, rule 8.276(a)(1).) We advised MMG and its counsel that we were considering sanctions for filing a frivolous appeal.
Sanctions may be imposed for frivolous appeals where the appeal was prosecuted for an improper motive or the appeal indisputably has no merit. (
“Courts have struggled to apply . . .
An appeal is considered objectively frivolous ” ’ “when any reasonable attorney would agree that the appeal is totally and completely without merit.” ’ ” (In re Marriage of Schnabel (1994) 30 Cal.App.4th 747, 754.) We look to the merits of the appeal from a reasonable person‘s perspective. The inquiry is not whether counsel acted in the honest belief it had grounds for appeal, but rather would any reasonable person agree that the appeal is completely devoid of merit, and thus frivolous. (Doran
v. Magan (1999) 76 Cal.App.4th 1287, 1296.) An appeal may be objectively frivolous if there is already a legal authority “addressing the precise issue . . . raised” (Pierotti v. Torian (2000) 81 Cal.App.4th 17, 31), or when appellant‘s arguments rest on negligible legal
MMG‘s appeal is objectively and subjectively frivolous. MMG‘s appeal is objectively frivolous because it is devoid of factual or legal support. Its primary argument is that the arbitrator was required to disclose his prior relationship with an LGBTQ rights organization because that relationship would cause a reasonable person to question his impartiality in a commercial arbitration where one of the parties’ principals was a white male Catholic. MMG‘s argument is based on a mischaracterization of the underlying arbitration as “headlining a major social justice issue” concerning sexual harassment between an employee and her boss. Not only has MMG failed to define what it believes are social justice issues, but the case was a commercial arbitration between co-owners of a film production company who sought to dissolve the company after their relationship became irreconcilable. Neither LGBTQ rights nor the Catholic Church have any connection to this case. Further, MMG has failed to support its alarmist characterization of GLAAD as a militant social justice organization or that the arbitrator was the organization‘s “ideological motor.” Setting
aside its lack of relevance, MMG never connected GLAAD or Catholicism to the #MeToo movement in such a way that would give any reasonable person a basis to believe the arbitrator could not be impartial in a case involving a Catholic litigant.6
Moreover, MMG‘s requests for judicial notice lacked merit and ignored the rules of evidence, asking this court, for example, to judicially notice the #MeToo movement and the phrase a woman alleging sexual harassment must be believed. MMG‘s unreasonable requests reflect that its theory of this case lacked any merit. Indeed, MMG effectively admits that there was a tenuous connection between the facts of this case, GLAAD, the #MeToo movement, and the arbitrator when it says it spent “many weeks . . . investigating and discovering content to fill in the blanks once the arbitrator‘s connection [to] GLAAD was uncovered” because, according to MMG, all the “dots had to be connected.” There were, however, no dots to connect. The Court of Appeal is
disguised as a legitimate appeal. Nor is it a forum to launch personal attacks against an arbitrator.
MMG‘s argument regarding the arbitrator‘s failure to hear evidence was also completely unsubstantiated in the record. MMG attempted to get around this fatal flaw by filing declarations that included potentially attorney-client privileged information and multiple levels of hearsay regarding what the arbitrator said off-the-record and what Malek said to his counsel. Judging from the arbitrator‘s award, MMG has a history in this dispute of making frivolous claims. As noted by the arbitrator, MMG “did not assemble a record to support its conspiracy theories” and that MMG‘s “hyperbolic characterizations . . . nefarious deeds, criminal acts, and pervasive persecution by dark forces impaired the credibility of . . . Malek‘s testimony.”
Even had MMG established factual support for any of its claims, its appeal lacked any legal foundation. MMG did not cite to a single case requiring the type of disclosure that MMG advocated for here. MMG‘s attempt to distinguish Rebmann v. Rohde, supra, 196 Cal.App.4th 1283, which was directly on point, was based on unsubstantiated characterizations of the arbitrator and the issues presented at the arbitration. MMG failed to adhere to the standard in Haworth, supra, 50 Cal.4th at page 389, which laid out the criteria for disclosures, explaining that it is not based on the perspective of the unduly suspicious person or the partisan litigant.
Likewise, MMG‘s appeal is subjectively frivolous. Under the subjective test, an appeal is frivolous when ” ’ “it is prosecuted for an improper motive—to harass the respondent or delay the effect of an adverse judgment.” ’ ” (Personal Court
Reporters, Inc. v. Rand (2012) 205 Cal.App.4th 182, 191.) We look to the subjective good faith of the appellant and counsel. (In re Marriage of Flaherty, supra, 31 Cal.3d at p. 649.) A complete lack of merit is evidence that the appellant brought the appeal for the purpose of delay. (Id. at pp. 649–650.)
MMG adopted a war-like mentality toward AXQG, its counsel, and anyone else involved with this case. The record is replete with personal attacks on Gou and AXQG‘s counsel, as well as numerous unsubstantiated claims that everyone who was purportedly against Malek and MMG was engaged in an elaborate conspiracy to destroy him. These included allegations that Gou orchestrated “an extensive conspiracy to ‘crush’ and ‘destroy’ [Malek], which conspiracy . . . included cybercrimes, safe-cracking, sexual espionage, manufactured evidence, the extensive suborning of perjury, and ‘human chess pieces moving to create artificial breaches.’ ” But, as the arbitrator concluded, MMG “introduced no credible evidence to support its overarching conspiracy
Sanctions may be awarded against both an appellant and its counsel. (In re Marriage of Schnabel, supra, 30 Cal.App.4th at
p. 756.) Sanctions are appropriate when appellant‘s counsel had a professional obligation not to pursue the appeal or should have declined the case outright. (Ibid.) Sanctions against the party are appropriate when the record indicates the party benefitted from the delay or was otherwise involved in the bad faith conduct. (Id. at pp. 755–756.) The amount of sanctions is determined by looking to respondent‘s attorney fees on appeal, the judgment against the appellant, the degree of objective frivolousness and delay, and the need to discourage similar conduct in the future. (In re Marriage of Gong & Kwong (2008) 163 Cal.App.4th 510, 519.) Additionally, we may impose sanctions to compensate the court for the costs associated with processing, reviewing and considering the appeal. (Young v. Rosenthal (1989) 212 Cal.App.3d 96, 135–137.)
MMG and its counsel are equally culpable for pursuing this frivolous and bigotry-infused appeal. MMG‘s counsel had numerous opportunities to dismiss the appeal and to withdraw its baseless claims, but chose not to. Instead, MMG‘s counsel persisted in its efforts without any legal or factual support, filing wholly deficient briefs and nonsensical requests for judicial notice, supported by declarations from Malek and his counsel. As stated above, this court is not the forum for MMG or its counsel to rant about conspiracies or their politics. This court has wasted
its time and resources considering MMG‘s appeal, which has only served as a drain on the judicial system and the taxpayers of this state.
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed. Malek Media
CERTIFIED FOR PUBLICATION.
DHANIDINA, J.
We concur:
LAVIN, Acting P. J.
EGERTON, J.