944 N.W.2d 626
Iowa2020Background
- Plaintiff Debra Gries, a 63‑year‑old resident of a senior/mobility‑impaired apartment complex, slipped on an icy sidewalk outside her building on the evening of February 22, 2018 and suffered a broken ankle.
- Gries sued her landlord, Ames Ecumenical Housing, Inc. d/b/a Stonehaven Apartments, for negligence; the district court granted summary judgment for Stonehaven based on the continuing storm doctrine.
- The district court concluded there was ongoing precipitation/temperature fluctuation at the time of the fall and thus no duty to remove naturally accumulated ice or snow during the storm.
- Gries argued the Iowa Supreme Court should abandon the continuing storm doctrine in light of its adoption of the Restatement (Third) duty framework, or at minimum that summary judgment was improper because factual disputes existed about whether meaningful accumulation was ongoing.
- The Supreme Court held the continuing storm doctrine remains consistent with the Restatement (Third) and Iowa precedent, but reversed summary judgment because the record contained genuine disputes about whether a storm producing meaningful, ongoing accumulation existed at the time of the fall.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether Iowa should abandon the continuing storm doctrine after adopting the Restatement (Third) duty analyses | Gries: Restatement §7/§51 supports doing away with categorical doctrines and treating duty under ordinary reasonable‑care analysis | Stonehaven: Continuing storm doctrine is a longstanding, policy‑based exception consistent with Restatement §7(b) and §51 and should remain | Court: Declined to abandon; doctrine is a recognized, long‑standing policy exception consistent with Restatement (Third) and Iowa precedent |
| Whether summary judgment was proper applying the continuing storm doctrine on these facts | Gries: Disputed evidence about accumulation and active precipitation; jury should decide whether a storm in progress excused duty | Stonehaven: Weather reports and expert show continuous precipitation and temperature at/around freezing—the doctrine applies as a matter of law | Court: Reversed summary judgment; factual disputes over whether meaningful, ongoing accumulation existed required submission to a jury |
Key Cases Cited
- Reuter v. Iowa Trust & Savings Bank, 57 N.W.2d 225 (Iowa 1953) (adopted the continuing‑storm rule relieving landowners of duty during an ongoing storm)
- Thompson v. Kaczinski, 774 N.W.2d 829 (Iowa 2009) (adopted Restatement (Third) §7 duty analysis)
- Koenig v. Koenig, 766 N.W.2d 635 (Iowa 2009) (established reasonable‑care duty for land possessors)
- Ludman v. Davenport Assumption High Sch., 895 N.W.2d 902 (Iowa 2017) (adopted Restatement (Third) §51 for premises liability)
- Alcala v. Marriott Int'l, Inc., 880 N.W.2d 699 (Iowa 2016) (addressed continuing‑storm doctrine issues; declined to decide doctrine's viability on further review)
- McCormick v. Nikkel & Assocs., Inc., 819 N.W.2d 368 (Iowa 2012) (explained exceptions to duty survive adoption of Restatement §7)
- Hovden v. City of Decorah, 155 N.W.2d 534 (Iowa 1968) (applied continuing‑storm doctrine where snow was ongoing)
