Wyo. Code R. 053-0008-8 – Materials Handling, Storage, Use and Disposal (H)

Workforce Services, Department of

OSHA - Construction 1926

Chapter 8: Materials Handling, Storage, Use & Disposal

Effective Date: 01/17/1995 to 06/02/2003

Rule Type: Superceded Rules & Regulations

Reference Number: 053.0008.8.01171995

Subpart H - Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal

1926.250	General requirements for storage.
1910.30	Other working surfaces.
1910.176	Handling materials - general.
1926.251	Rigging equipment for material handling.
1910.184	Slings.
1926.252	Disposal of waste materials.

SUBPART H -- Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal AUTHORITY: Sec. 107, Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (Construction Safety Act) (40 U.S.C. 333); secs. 4, 6, 8, Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657); Secretary of Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8754), 8-76 (41 FR 25059), or 9-83 (48 FR 35736), as applicable.

1926.250 General requirements for storage.

(a) General.

(1) All materials stored in tiers shall be stacked, racked, blocked, interlocked, or otherwise secured to prevent sliding, falling or collapse. STEP/SAVE

(2) Maximum safe load limits of floors within buildings and structures, in pounds per square foot, shall be conspicuously posted in all storage areas, except for floor or slab on grade. Maximum safe loads shall not be exceeded. STEP/SAVE

(3) Aisles and passageways shall be kept clear to provide for the free and safe movement of material handling equipment or employees. Such areas shall be kept in good repair. STEP/SAVE

(4) When a difference in road or working levels exist, means such as ramps, blocking, or grading shall be used to ensure the safe movement of vehicles between the two levels.

(b) Material storage.

(1) Material stored inside buildings under construction shall not be placed within 6 feet of any hoistway or inside floor openings, nor within 10 feet of an exterior wall which does not extend above the top of the material stored. STD 3-6.1 STD 3-6.2 STEP/SAVE

(2) Each employee required to work on stored material in silos, hoppers, tanks, and similar storage areas shall be equipped with personal fall arrest equipment meeting the requirements of Subpart M of this part.

(3) Noncompatible materials shall be segregated in storage. STEP/SAVE

(4) Bagged materials shall be stacked by stepping back the layers and cross-keying the bags at least every 10 bags high.

(5) Materials shall not be stored on scaffolds or runways in excess of supplies needed for immediate operations. STEP/SAVE

(6) Brick stacks shall not be more than 7 feet in height. When a loose brick stack reaches a height of 4 feet, it shall be tapered back 2 inches in every foot of height above the 4-foot level.

(7) When masonry blocks are stacked higher than 6 feet, the stack shall be tapered back one-half block per tier above the 6-foot level.

STEP/SAVE

(8) Lumber: STEP/SAVE

(i) Used lumber shall have all nails withdrawn before stacking.

STEP/SAVE

(ii) Lumber shall be stacked on level and solidly supported sills.

(iii) Lumber shall be so stacked as to be stable and self-supporting.

(iv) Lumber piles shall not exceed 20 feet in height provided that lumber to be handled manually shall not be stacked more than 16 feet high.

(9) Structural steel, poles, pipe, bar stock, and other cylindrical materials, unless racked, shall be stacked and blocked so as to prevent spreading or tilting. STEP/SAVE

(The information collection requirements contained in paragraph (a)(2) were approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 1218-0093.)

The following requirements from 29 CFR Part 1910 (General Industry) have been identified as applicable to construction (29 CFR 1926.250 General Requirements for Storage).

1910.30 Other working surfaces.

(a) Dockboards (bridge plates).

(1) Portable and powered dockboards shall be strong enough to carry the load imposed on them.

(2) Portable dockboards shall be secured in position, either by being anchored or quipped with devices which will prevent their slipping.

***

(4) Handholds, or other effective means, shall be provided on portable dockboards to permit safe handling.

(5) Positive protection shall be provided to prevent railroad cars from being moved while dockboards or bridge plates are in position.

***

1910.176 Handling materials - General.

***

(c) Housekeeping. Storage areas shall be kept free from accumulation of materials that constitute hazards from tripping, fire, explosion, or pest harborage. Vegetation control will be exercised when necessary.

[44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. 6, 1979, as amended at 49 FR 18295, Apr. 30, 1984; 54 FR 24334, June 7, 1989]

1926.251 Rigging equipment for material handling.

(a) General.

(1) Rigging equipment for material handling shall be inspected prior to use on each shift and as necessary during its use to ensure that it is safe. Defective rigging equipment shall be removed from service.

STEP/SAVE

(2) Rigging equipment shall not be loaded in excess of its recommended safe working load, as prescribed in Tables H-1 through H-20 in this subpart, following 1926.252(e) for the specific equipment.

(3) Rigging equipment, when not in use, shall be removed from the immediate work area so as not to present a hazard to employees.

(4) Special custom design grabs, hooks, clamps, or other lifting accessories, for such units as modular panels, prefabricated structures and similar materials, shall be marked to indicate the safe working loads and shall be proof-tested prior to use to 125 percent of their rated load. STEP/SAVE

(b) Alloy steel chains.

(1) Welded alloy steel chain slings shall have permanently affixed durable identification stating size, grade, rated capacity, and sling manufacturer.

(2) Hooks, rings, oblong links, pear-shaped links, welded or mechanical coupling links, or other attachments, when used with alloy steel chains, shall have a rated capacity at least equal to that of the chain.

(3) Job or shop hooks and links, or makeshift fasteners, formed from bolts, rods, etc., or other such attachments, shall not be used.

(4) Rated capacity (working load limit) for alloy steel chain slings shall conform to the values shown in Table H-1.

(5) Whenever wear at any point of any chain link exceeds that shown in Table H-2, the assembly shall be removed from service.

(1) Tables H-3 through H-14 shall be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes and classifications of improved plow steel wire rope and wire rope slings with various types of terminals. For sizes, classifications, and grades not included in these tables, the safe working load recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products shall be followed, provided that a safety factor of not less than 5 is maintained.

(2) Protruding ends of strands in splices on slings and bridles shall be covered or blunted. STEP/SAVE

(3) Wire rope shall not be secured by knots, except on haul back lines on scrapers. STEP/SAVE

(4) The following limitations shall apply to the use of wire rope:

(i) An eye splice made in any wire rope shall have not less than three full tucks. However, this requirement shall not operate to preclude the use of another form of splice or connection which can be shown to be as efficient and which is not otherwise prohibited.

STEP/SAVE

(ii) Except for eye splices in the ends of wires and for endless rope slings, each wire rope used in hoisting or lowering, or in pulling loads, shall consist of one continuous piece without knot or splice. STEP/SAVE

(iii) Eyes in wire rope bridles, slings, or bull wires shall not be formed by wire rope clips or knots. STEP/SAVE

(iv) Wire rope shall not be used if, in any length of eight diameters, the total number of visible broken wires exceeds 10 percent of the total number of wires, or if the rope shows other signs of excessive wear, corrosion, or defect. STEP/SAVE

(5) When U-bolt wire rope clips are used to form eyes, Table H-20 shall be used to determine the number and spacing of clips. STEP/SAVE

(i) When used for eye splices, the U-bolt shall be applied so that the “U” section is in contact with the dead end of the rope.

STEP/SAVE

(d) Natural rope, and synthetic fiber

(1) General. When using natural or synthetic fiber rope slings, Tables H-15, 16, 17, and 18 shall apply.

(2) All splices in rope slings provided by the employer shall be made in accordance with fiber rope manufacturers recommendations.

(i) In manila rope, eye splices shall contain at least three full tucks, and short splices shall contain at least six full tucks (three on each side of the centerline of the splice).

(ii) In layed synthetic fiber rope, eye splices shall contain at least four full tucks, and short splices shall contain at least eight full tucks (four on each side of the centerline of the splice).

(iii) Strand end tails shall not be trimmed short (flush with the surface of the rope) immediately adjacent to the full tucks. This precaution applies to both eye and short splices and all types of fiber rope. For fiber ropes under 1-inch diameter, the tails shall project at least six rope diameters beyond the last full tuck. For fiber ropes 1-inch diameter and larger, the tails shall project at least 6 inches beyond the last full tuck. In applications where the projecting tails may be objectionable, the tails shall be tapered and spliced into the body of the rope using at least two additional tucks (which will require a tail length of approximately six rope diameters beyond the last full tuck).

(iv) For all eye splices, the eye shall be sufficiently large to provide an included angle of not greater than 60 at the splice when the eye is placed over the load or support.

(v) Knots shall not be used in lieu of splices.

(e) Synthetic webbing (nylon, polyester, and polypropylene).

(1) The employer shall have each synthetic web sling marked or coded to show:

(i) Name or trademark of manufacturer.

(ii) Rated capacities for the type of hitch. (iii) Type of material.

(2) Rated capacity shall not be exceeded.

(f) Shackles and hooks.

(1) Table H-19 shall be used to determine the safe working loads of various sizes of shackles, except that higher safe working loads are permissible when recommended by the manufacturer for specific, identifiable products, provided that a safety factor of not less than 5 is maintained.

(2) The manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed in determining the safe working loads of the various sizes and types of specific and identifiable hooks. All hooks for which no applicable manufacturer's recommendations are available shall be tested to twice the intended safe working load before they are initially put into use. The employer shall maintain a record of the dates and results of such tests.

The following requirements from 29 CFR Part 1910 (General Industry) have been identified as applicable to construction (29 CFR 1926.251(b), (c), (d) and (e) Rigging Equipment for material handling), in accordance with the scope noted below.

For 1910.251(b):

1910.184 Slings.

* * * (e) Alloy steel chain slings. * * *

(3) Inspections. (i) In addition to the inspection required by paragraph (d) of this section, a thorough periodic inspection of alloy steel chain slings in use shall be made on a regular basis, to be determined on the basis of -

(a) frequency of sling use;

(b) severity of service conditions;

(d) experience gained on the service life of slings used in similar circumstances.

Such inspections shall in no event

be at intervals greater than once every 12 months.

(ii) The employer shall make and maintain a record of the most recent month in which each alloy steel chain sling was thoroughly inspected, and shall make such record available for examination.

For 1926.251(c):

1910.184 Slings.

used, the following practices shall be observed. * * *

(2) Slings shall not be shortenex with knots or bolts or other makeshift devices.

(3) Sling legs shall not be kinked.

(4) Slings shall not be loaded in excess of their rated capacities.

(5) Slings used in a basket hitch shall have the loads balanced to prevent slippage.

(7) Slings shall be padded or protected from the sharp edges of their loads.

(10) Hands or fingers shall not be placed between the sling and its load while the sling is being tightened around the load.

(11) Shock loading is prohibited.

(12) A sling shall not be pulled from under a load when the load is resting on the sling.

(f) Wire rope slings. * * *

(2) Minimum sling lengths. (i) Cable laid and 6 x 19 and 6 x 37 slings shall have a minimum clear length of wire rope 10 times the component rope diameter between splices, sleeves or end fittings.

(ii) Braided slings shall have a minimum clear length of wire rope 40 times the component rope diameter between the loops or end fittings.

(iii) Cable laid grommets, strand laid grommets and endless slings shall have a minimum circumferential length of 96 times their body diameter.

(3) Safe operating temperatures. Fiber core wire rope slings of all grades shall be permanently removed from service if they are exposed to temperatures in excess of 200 degrees Fahrenheit. When nonfiber core wire rope slings of any grade are used at temperatures above 400 degrees Fahrenheit or below minus 60 degrees Fahrenheit, recommendations of the sling manufacturer regarding use at that temperature shall be followed.

(4) End attachments. (i) Welding of end attachments, except covers to thimbles, shall be performed prior to the assembly of the sling.

(ii) All welded end attachments shall not be used unless proof tested by the manufacturer or equivalent entity at twice their rated capacity prior to initial use. The employer shall retain a certificate of the proof test, and make it available for examination.

For 1926.251(d):

1910.184 Slings.

***

(h) Natural and synthetic fiber rope slings. * * *

(2) Safe operating temperatures. Natural and synthetic fiber rope slings, except for wet frozen slings, may be used in a temperature range from minus 20 degrees Fahrenheit to plus 180 degrees Fahrenheit without decreasing the working load limit. For operations outside this temperature range and for wet frozen slings, the sling manufacturer's recommendations shall be followed.

(3) Splicing. Spliced fiber rope slings shall not be used unless they have been spliced in accordance with the following minimum requirements and in accordance with any additional recommendations of the manufacturer. * * *

(iv)

Fiber rope slings shall have a minimum clear length of rope between eye splices equal to 10 times the rope diameter. * * *

(vi) Clamps not designed specifically for fiber ropes shall not be used for splicing. * * *

(4) End attachments. Fiber rope slings shall not be used if end attachments in contact with rope have sharp edges or projections.

(5) Removal from service. Natural and synthetic fiber rope slings shall be immediately removed from service if any of the following conditions are present:

(i) Abnormal wear.

(ii) Powdered fiber between strands.

(iii) Broken or cut fibers.

(iv) Variations in the size or roundness of strands.

(v) Discoloration or rotting.

(vi) Distortion of hardware in the sling.

For 1926.251(e):

1910.184 Slings.

***

(i) Synthetic web slings. * * *

(2) Webbing. Synthetic webbing shall be of uniform thickness and width and selvage edges shall not be split from the webbing's width.

(3) Fittings. Fittings shall be:

(A) Of a minimum breaking strength equal to that of the

sling; and

(B) Free of all sharp edges that could in any way damage the webbing.

(4) Attachment of end fittings to webbing and formation of eyes. Stitching shall be the only method used to attach end fittings to webbing and to form eyes. The thread shall be in an even pattern and contain a sufficient number of stitches to develop the full breaking strength of the sling.

***

(6) Environmental conditions. When synthetic web slings are used, the following precautions shall be taken:

(i) Nylon web slings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of acids or phenolics are present. (ii) Polyester and polypropylene web slings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists or liquids of caustics are present. (iii) Web slings with aluminum fittings shall not be used where fumes, vapors, sprays, mists, or liquids of caustics are present.

(7) Safe operating temperatures. Synthetic web slings of polyester and nylon shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 180 degrees Fahrenheit. Polypropylene web slings shall not be used at temperatures in excess of 200 degrees Fahrenheit.

(8) Removal from service. Synthetic web slings shall be immediately removed from service if any of the following conditions are present:

(i) Acid or caustic burns; (ii) Melting or charring of any part of the sling surface; (iii) Snags, punctures, tears or cuts; (iv) Broken or worn stitches; or (v) Distortion of fittings.

1910.184 Slings.

(a) Scope. This section applies to slings used in conjunction with other material handling equipment for the movement of material by hoisting, in employments covered by this Part. The types of slings covered are those made from alloy steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope (conventional three strand construction), and synthetic web (Nylon, polyester, and polypropylene).

TABLE H-1 - Rated Capacity (Working Load Limit), For Alloy Steel Chain Slings (1) Rated Capacity (Working Load Limit), Pounds [Horizontal angles shown in parenthesis] (2)

(For Table H-1, see printed copy)

TABLE H-2 - Maximum Allowable Wear at any Point of Link

(For Table H-2, see printed copy)

TABLE H-3 - Rated Capacities for Single Leg Slings 6X19 and 6X37 Classification Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope with Fiber Core (FC)

(For Table H-3, see printed copy)

TABLE H-4 - Rated Capacities for Single Leg Slings 6X19 and 6X37 Classification Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope With Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC)

(For Table H-4, see printed copy)

TABLE H-5 - Rated Capacities for Single Leg Slings Cable Laid Rope-Mechanical Splice Only 7X7X7 and 7X7X19 Construction Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope 7X6X19 IWRC Construction Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope

(For Table H-5, see printed copy)

TABLE H-6 - Rated Capacities for Single Leg Slings 8-Part and 6-Part Braided Rope 6X7 and 6X19 Construction Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope 7X7 Construction Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope

(For Table H-6, see printed copy)

TABLE H-7 - Rated Capacities for 2-Leg and 3-Leg Bridle Slings 6X19 and 6X37 Classification Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope With Fiber Core (FC)

(For Table H-7, see printed copy)

TABLE H-8 - Rated Capacities for 2-Leg and 3-Leg Bridle Slings 6X19 and 6X37 Classification Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope With Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC)

(For Table H-8, see printed copy)

TABLE H-9 - Rated Capacities for 2-Leg and 3-Leg Bridle Slings Cable Laid Rope-Mechanical Splice Only 7X7X7 and 7X7X19 Construction Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope 7X6X19 IWRC Construction Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope

(For Table H-9, see printed copy)

TABLE H-10 - Rated Capacities for 2-Leg and 3-Leg Bridle Slings 8-Part and 6-Part Braided Rope 6X7 and 6X19 Construction Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope 7X7 Construction Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope

(For Table H-10, see printed copy)

TABLE H-11 - Rated Capacities for Strand Laid Grommet-Hand Tucked Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope

(For Table H-11, see printed copy)

TABLE H-12 - Rated Capacities for Cable Laid Grommet-Hand Tucked 7X6X7 and 7X6X19 Construction Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope 7X7X7 Construction Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope

(For Table H-12, see printed copy)

TABLE H-13 - Rated Capacities for Strand Laid Endless Slings-Mechanical Joint Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope

(For Table H-13, see printed copy)

TABLE H-14 - Rated Capacities For Cable Laid Endless Slings-Mechanical Joint 7X7X7 and 7X7X19 Construction Galvanized Aircraft Grade Rope 7X6X19 IWRC Construction Improved Plow Steel Grade Rope (For Table H-14, see printed copy)

TABLE H-15 - Manila Rope Slings [Angle of rope to vertical shown in parentheses]

(For Table H-15, see printed copy)

TABLE H-16 - Nylon Rope Slings [Angle of rope to vertical shown in parentheses]

(For Table H-16, see printed copy)

TABLE H-17 - Polyester Rope Slings [Angle of rope to vertical shown in parentheses]

(For Table H-17, see printed copy)

TABLE H-18 - Polypropylene Rope Slings [Angle of rope to vertical shown in parentheses]

(For Table H-18, see printed copy)

TABLE H-19 - Safe Working Loads for Shackles [In tons of 2,000 pounds]

(For Table H-19, see printed copy)

TABLE H-20 - Number and Spacing of U-Bolt Wire Rope Clips

(For Table H-20, see printed copy)

1926.252 Disposal of waste materials.

(a) Whenever materials are dropped more than 20 feet to any point lying outside the exterior walls of the building, an enclosed chute of wood, or equivalent material, shall be used. For the purpose of this paragraph, an enclosed chute is a slide, closed in on all sides, through which material is moved from a high place to a lower one. STEP/SAVE

(b) When debris is dropped through holes in the floor without the use of chutes, the area onto which the material is dropped shall be completely enclosed with barricades not less than 42 inches high and not less than 6 feet back from the projected edge of the opening above. Signs warning of the hazard of falling materials shall be posted at each level. Removal shall not be permitted in this lower area until debris handling ceases above. STEP/SAVE (c) All scrap lumber, waste material, and rubbish shall be removed from the immediate work area as the work progresses. STEP/SAVE

(d) Disposal of waste material or debris by burning shall comply with local fire regulations.

(e) All solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable liquids shall be kept in fire resistant covered containers until removed from worksite.