1. A. As used in this section:

   "Adult" means any person who is 19 years of age or older.

   "Alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility" means a facility in which a state-approved program for the treatment of alcoholism or drug addiction is provided. The facility shall be either (i) licensed by the State Board of Health pursuant to Chapter 5 (§ 32.1-123 et seq.) of Title 32.1 or by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services pursuant to Article 2 (§ 37.2-403 et seq.) of Chapter 4 of Title 37.2 or (ii) a state agency or institution.

   "Child or adolescent" means any person under the age of 19 years.

   "Crisis receiving center" means a community-based facility licensed by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to provide short-term assessment, observation, and crisis stabilization services.

   "Generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care" means evidence-based independent standards of care and clinical practice that are generally recognized by health care providers practicing in relevant clinical specialties including child and adolescent psychiatry, adult psychiatry, psychology, clinical sociology, addiction medicine and counseling, and behavioral health treatment. Sources reflecting "generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care" include peer-reviewed scientific studies and medical literature, consensus guidelines and recommendations of nonprofit health care provider professional associations and specialty societies, and nationally recognized clinical practice guidelines, including patient placement criteria, service intensity assessment instruments, clinical practice guidelines, guidelines and recommendations of federal government agencies, and drug labeling approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Nothing in this section shall supersede the standard of care as set forth in § 8.01-581.20.

   "Inpatient treatment" means mental health or substance abuse services delivered on a 24-hour per day basis in a hospital, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility, an intermediate care facility or an inpatient unit of a mental health treatment center.

   "Intermediate care facility" means a licensed, residential public or private facility that is not a hospital and that is operated primarily for the purpose of providing a continuous, structured 24-hour per day, state-approved program of inpatient substance abuse services.

   "Medically necessary" means, with respect to the treatment of a mental health or substance use disorder, a service or product addressing the specific needs of a patient for the purpose of screening, preventing, diagnosing, managing, or treating such disorder, including minimizing the progression of such disorder, in a manner that is in accordance with generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care; clinically appropriate in terms of type, frequency, extent, site, and duration; and not defined primarily for the economic benefit of an insurer or purchaser or for the convenience of the patient, treating physician, or other health care provider.

   "Medication management visit" means a visit no more than 20 minutes in length with a licensed physician or other licensed health care provider with prescriptive authority for the sole purpose of monitoring and adjusting medications prescribed for mental health or substance abuse treatment.

   "Mental health services" or "mental health benefits" means benefits with respect to items or services for mental health conditions as defined under the terms of the health benefit plan. Any condition defined by the health benefit plan as being or as not being a mental health condition shall be defined to be consistent with generally recognized independent standards of current medical practice.

   "Mental health treatment center" means a treatment facility organized to provide care and treatment for mental illness through multiple modalities or techniques pursuant to a written plan approved and monitored by a physician, clinical psychologist, or a psychologist licensed to practice in this Commonwealth. The facility shall be (i) licensed by the Commonwealth, (ii) funded or eligible for funding under federal or state law, or (iii) affiliated with a hospital under a contractual agreement with an established system for patient referral.

   "Mobile crisis response services" means services licensed by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to provide for rapid response to, assessment of, and early intervention for individuals experiencing an acute mental health crisis that are deployed at the location of the individual.

   "Network adequacy" means access to services by measure of distance, time, and average length of referral to scheduled visit.

   "Outpatient treatment" means mental health or substance abuse treatment services rendered to a person as an individual or part of a group while not confined as an inpatient. Such treatment shall not include services delivered through a partial hospitalization or intensive outpatient program as defined herein.

   "Partial hospitalization" means a licensed or approved day or evening treatment program that includes the major diagnostic, medical, psychiatric and psychosocial rehabilitation treatment modalities designed for patients with mental, emotional, or nervous disorders, and alcohol or other drug dependence who require coordinated, intensive, comprehensive and multi-disciplinary treatment. Such a program shall provide treatment over a period of six or more continuous hours per day to individuals or groups of individuals who are not admitted as inpatients. Such term shall also include intensive outpatient programs for the treatment of alcohol or other drug dependence which provide treatment over a period of three or more continuous hours per day to individuals or groups of individuals who are not admitted as inpatients.

   "Residential crisis stabilization unit" means a community-based, short-term residential program licensed by the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services to provide short-term assessment, observation, support, and crisis stabilization for individuals who are experiencing an acute mental health crisis.

   "Substance abuse services" or "substance use disorder benefits" means benefits with respect to items or services for substance use disorders as defined under the terms of the health benefit plan. Any disorder defined by the health benefit plan as being or as not being a substance use disorder shall be defined to be consistent with generally recognized independent standards of current medical practice.

   "Treatment" means services including diagnostic evaluation, medical, psychiatric and psychological care, and psychotherapy for mental, emotional or nervous disorders or alcohol or other drug dependence rendered by a hospital, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility, intermediate care facility, mental health treatment center, a physician, psychologist, clinical psychologist, licensed clinical social worker, licensed professional counselor, licensed substance abuse treatment practitioner, licensed marriage and family therapist or clinical nurse specialist. Treatment for physiological or psychological dependence on alcohol or other drugs shall also include the services of counseling and rehabilitation as well as services rendered by a state certified alcoholism, drug, or substance abuse counselor or substance abuse counseling assistant, limited to the scope of practice set forth in § 54.1-3507.1 or 54.1-3507.2, respectively, employed by a facility or program licensed to provide such treatment.

2. B. Except as provided in subsections C and D, group and individual health insurance coverage, as defined in § 38.2-3431, shall provide coverage for mental health and substance use disorder benefits for children, adolescents, and adults. Such benefits shall be in parity with the medical and surgical benefits contained in the coverage in accordance with the federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 (MHPAEA), P.L. 110-343, even where those requirements would not otherwise apply directly, and shall apply the definitions of "generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care" and "medically necessary" provided in subsection A for any determination of medical necessity, prior authorization, or utilization review under such coverage. In conducting utilization review involving decisions within the scope of generally accepted standards of mental health or substance use disorder care, no insurer providing such coverage shall apply criteria that are different from, additional to, conflicting with, or more restrictive than the criteria set forth in such generally accepted standards. Coverage required under this subsection shall include mobile crisis response services and support and stabilization services provided in a residential crisis stabilization unit or crisis receiving center to the extent that such services are covered in other settings or modalities, regardless of any difference in billing codes. The Commission may promulgate regulations as necessary to implement the provisions of this subsection, including by adopting or incorporating, in whole or in part, federal regulations related to implementing the federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act as published in 89 Fed. Reg. 77735-77751 on September 23, 2024.

3. C. Any grandfathered plan as defined in § 38.2-3438 in the small group market shall either continue to provide benefits in accordance with subsection B or continue to provide coverage for inpatient and partial hospitalization mental health and substance abuse services as follows:

   1. 1. Treatment for an adult as an inpatient at a hospital, inpatient unit of a mental health treatment center, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility or intermediate care facility for a minimum period of 20 days per policy or contract year.
   2. 2. Treatment for a child or adolescent as an inpatient at a hospital, inpatient unit of a mental health treatment center, alcohol or drug rehabilitation facility or intermediate care facility for a minimum period of 25 days per policy or contract year.
   3. 3. Up to 10 days of the inpatient benefit set forth in subdivisions 1 and 2 of this subsection may be converted when medically necessary at the option of the person or the parent, as defined in § 16.1-336, of a child or adolescent receiving such treatment to a partial hospitalization benefit applying a formula which shall be no less favorable than an exchange of 1.5 days of partial hospitalization coverage for each inpatient day of coverage. An insurance policy or subscription contract described herein that provides inpatient benefits in excess of 20 days per policy or contract year for adults or 25 days per policy or contract year for a child or adolescent may provide for the conversion of such excess days on the terms set forth in this subdivision.
   4. 4. The limits of the benefits set forth in this subsection shall not be more restrictive than for any other illness, except that the benefits may be limited as set out in this subsection.
   5. 5. This subsection shall not apply to any excepted benefits policy as defined in § 38.2-3431, nor to policies or contracts designed for issuance to persons eligible for coverage under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, known as Medicare, or any other similar coverage under state or federal governmental plans.

4. D. Any grandfathered plan as defined in § 38.2-3438 in the small group market shall also either continue to provide benefits in accordance with subsection B or continue to provide coverage for outpatient mental health and substance abuse services as follows:

   1. 1. A minimum of 20 visits for outpatient treatment of an adult, child, or adolescent shall be provided in each policy or contract year.
   2. 2. The limits of the benefits set forth in this subsection shall be no more restrictive than the limits of benefits applicable to physical illness; however, the coinsurance factor applicable to any outpatient visit beyond the first five of such visits covered in any policy or contract year shall be at least 50 percent.
   3. 3. For the purpose of this subsection, medication management visits shall be covered in the same manner as a medication management visit for the treatment of physical illness and shall not be counted as an outpatient treatment visit in the calculation of the benefit set forth herein.
   4. 4. For the purpose of this subsection, if all covered expenses for a visit for outpatient mental health or substance abuse treatment apply toward any deductible required by a policy or contract, such visit shall not count toward the outpatient visit benefit maximum set forth in the policy or contract.
   5. 5. This subsection shall not apply to any excepted benefits policy as defined in § 38.2-3431, nor to policies or contracts designed for issuance to persons eligible for coverage under Title XVIII of the Social Security Act, known as Medicare, or any other similar coverage under state or federal governmental plans.

5. E.

   1. 1. Each health carrier shall submit to the Bureau, on the date and frequency as specified by the Bureau, which shall be no less frequently than every two years, all comparative analyses prepared by the carrier pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 300gg-26(a)(8). The Bureau shall make current comparative analyses publicly available. Publication of the comparative analyses or information linked on the Commission's website shall not constitute approval or a determination of compliance by the Bureau. The Bureau may require a health carrier to provide supplementary data as the Bureau deems relevant for the purposes of evaluating a comparative analysis.

   2. 2. With respect to a comparative analysis prepared by a carrier pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 300gg-26(a)(8), the Bureau shall request the following quantitative data for medical and surgical benefits, mental health benefits, and substance use disorder benefits:

      1. a. The number and percentage of denied claims, denied prior authorizations, denied concurrent reviews, and denied retrospective reviews;
      2. b. The number and percentage of complaints and appeals, including reasons for complaints and outcomes of appeals;
      3. c. The number and percentage of out-of-network claims;
      4. d. The frequency and number of prior authorizations, concurrent reviews, and retrospective reviews;
      5. e. Reimbursement rates, by provider type, benchmarked to a national standard, billed amount, or other basis;
      6. f. The number and percentage of insured individuals for whom the quantitative network adequacy standards were met;
      7. g. The average and median number of days to approve or deny a credentialing application;
      8. h. Metrics regarding the timeliness of updating provider directories upon the addition of a new provider or the termination of a provider contract and the number of providers in the directory accepting new patients;
      9. i. The number and percentage of providers of each specialty who received reimbursement; and
      10. j. Other quantitative data that the Bureau may require.
   3. 3. Based on an initial review of comparative analyses and supplementary data, the Bureau may initiate a market conduct examination pursuant to § 38.2-1317.1 or an inquiry to evaluate compliance regarding the federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) and state mental health or substance use disorder requirements.

   4. 4. A noncompliant or insufficient comparative analysis shall constitute a violation of subsection B. In addition to the authority granted to the Bureau under this title, the Bureau may:

      1. a. Notwithstanding the provisions of § 38.2-218, impose a penalty not to exceed $100,000 per each violation of this subsection;
      2. b. Require a carrier to remove a noncompliant nonquantitative treatment limitation, as defined in 42 U.S.C. § 300gg-26(a)(8); or
      3. c. Require a carrier to revise or otherwise remedy noncompliant portions of a nonquantitative treatment limitation, as defined in 42 U.S.C. § 300gg-26(a)(8).
6. F. The requirements of this section shall apply to all insurance policies and subscription contracts delivered, issued for delivery, reissued, renewed, or extended, or at any time when any term of the policy or contract is changed or any premium adjustment made.
7. G. The provisions of this section shall not apply in any instance in which the provisions of this section are inconsistent or in conflict with a provision of Article 6 (§ 38.2-3438 et seq.) of Chapter 34.
8. H. Beginning in 2027, by December 1 of each odd-numbered year, the Bureau shall submit a summary of enforcement efforts with respect to the federal Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 (P.L. 110-343) and state requirements for mental health and substance abuse services and benefits. This summary shall include any patterns identified in the comparative analyses submitted, supplementary data collected, or market conduct examination or inquiry activities, to the extent that such information can be disclosed. The Bureau shall make the report available to the public by, among such other means as the Bureau finds appropriate, posting the reports on the Bureau's website and submit the report to the Chairs of the House Committee on Labor and Commerce and the Senate Committee on Commerce and Labor.

1993, c. 132; 1995, c. 270; 1996, c. 41; 1997, c. 901; 1999, c. 941; 2001, c. 460; 2004, c. 156; 2006, c. 638; 2009, cc. 813, 840; 2010, c. 693; 2013, c. 751; 2015, c. 649; 2020, cc. 726, 847; 2022, c. 544; 2023, cc. 186, 187; 2024, cc. 199, 360; 2025, c. 314; 2026, cc. 652, 653.