Utah Code Ann. § 11-42-102 – Definitions.

(1) "Adequate protests" means timely filed, written protests under Section 11-42-203 that represent at least 40% of the frontage, area, taxable value, fair market value, lots, number of connections, or equivalent residential units of the property proposed to be assessed, according to the same assessment method by which the assessment is proposed to be levied, after eliminating:
1. (a) protests relating to:
  1. (i) property that has been deleted from a proposed assessment area; or
  2. (ii) an improvement that has been deleted from the proposed improvements to be provided to property within the proposed assessment area; and
2. (b) protests that have been withdrawn under Subsection 11-42-203(3).
(2) "Assessment area" means an area, or, if more than one area is designated, the aggregate of all areas within a local entity's jurisdictional boundaries that is designated by a local entity under Part 2, Designating an Assessment Area, for the purpose of financing the costs of improvements, operation and maintenance, or economic promotion activities that benefit property within the area.
(3) "Assessment bonds" means bonds that are:
1. (a) issued under Section 11-42-605; and
2. (b) payable in part or in whole from assessments levied in an assessment area, improvement revenues, and a guaranty fund or reserve fund.
(4) "Assessment fund" means a special fund that a local entity establishes under Section 11-42-412.
(5) "Assessment lien" means a lien on property within an assessment area that arises from the levy of an assessment, as provided in Section 11-42-501.
(6) "Assessment method" means the method:
1. (a) by which an assessment is levied against benefitted property, whether by frontage, area, taxable value, fair market value, lot, parcel, number of connections, equivalent residential unit, any combination of these methods, or any other method; and
2. (b) that, when applied to a benefitted property, accounts for an assessment that meets the requirements of Section 11-42-409.
(7) "Assessment ordinance" means an ordinance adopted by a local entity under Section 11-42-404 that levies an assessment on benefitted property within an assessment area.
(8) "Assessment resolution" means a resolution adopted by a local entity under Section 11-42-404 that levies an assessment on benefitted property within an assessment area.
(9) "Benefitted property" means property within an assessment area that directly or indirectly benefits from improvements, operation and maintenance, or economic promotion activities.
(10) "Bond anticipation notes" means notes issued under Section 11-42-602 in anticipation of the issuance of assessment bonds.
(11) "Bonds" means assessment bonds and refunding assessment bonds.
(12) "Commercial area" means an area in which at least 75% of the property is devoted to the interchange of goods or commodities.
(13)
1. (a) "Commercial or industrial real property" means real property used directly or indirectly or held for one of the following purposes or activities, regardless of whether the purpose or activity is for profit:
  1. (i) commercial;
  2. (ii) mining;
  3. (iii) industrial;
  4. (iv) manufacturing;
  5. (v) governmental;
  6. (vi) trade;
  7. (vii) professional;
  8. (viii) a private or public club;
  9. (ix) a lodge;
  10. (x) a business; or
  11. (xi) a similar purpose.
2. (b) "Commercial or industrial real property" includes real property that:
  1. (i) is used as or held for dwelling purposes; and
  2. (ii) contains more than four rental units.
(14) "Connection fee" means a fee charged by a local entity to pay for the costs of connecting property to a publicly owned sewer, storm drainage, water, gas, communications, or electrical system, whether or not improvements are installed on the property.
(15) "Contract price" means:
1. (a) the cost of acquiring an improvement, if the improvement is acquired; or
2. (b) the amount payable to one or more contractors for the design, engineering, inspection, and construction of an improvement.
(16) "Designation ordinance" means an ordinance adopted by a local entity under Section 11-42-206 designating an assessment area.
(17) "Designation resolution" means a resolution adopted by a local entity under Section 11-42-206 designating an assessment area.
(18) "Economic promotion activities" means activities that promote economic growth in a commercial area of a local entity, including:
1. (a) sponsoring festivals and markets;
2. (b) promoting business investment or activities;
3. (c) helping to coordinate public and private actions; and
4. (d) developing and issuing publications designed to improve the economic well-being of the commercial area.
(19) "Energy efficiency upgrade" means an improvement that is permanently affixed to commercial or industrial real property that is designed to reduce energy consumption, including:
1. (a) insulation in:
  1. (i) a wall, roof, floor, or foundation; or
  2. (ii) a heating and cooling distribution system;
2. (b) a window or door, including:
  1. (i) a storm window or door;
  2. (ii) a multiglazed window or door;
  3. (iii) a heat-absorbing window or door;
  4. (iv) a heat-reflective glazed and coated window or door;
  5. (v) additional window or door glazing;
  6. (vi) a window or door with reduced glass area; or
  7. (vii) other window or door modifications;
3. (c) an automatic energy control system;
4. (d) in a building or a central plant, a heating, ventilation, or air conditioning and distribution system;
5. (e) caulk or weatherstripping;
6. (f) a light fixture that does not increase the overall illumination of a building unless an increase is necessary to conform with the applicable building code;
7. (g) an energy recovery system;
8. (h) a daylighting system;
9. (i) measures to reduce the consumption of water, through conservation or more efficient use of water, including:
  1. (i) installation of low-flow toilets and showerheads;
  2. (ii) installation of timer or timing systems for a hot water heater; or
  3. (iii) installation of rain catchment systems; or
10. (j) a modified, installed, or remodeled fixture that is approved as a utility cost-saving measure by the governing body of a local entity.
(20) "Environmental remediation activity" means a surface or subsurface enhancement, effort, cost, initial or ongoing maintenance expense, facility, installation, system, earth movement, or change to grade or elevation which improves the use, function, aesthetics, or environmental condition of publically or privately owned property.
(21) "Equivalent residential unit" means a dwelling, unit, or development that is equal to a single-family residence in terms of the nature of its use or impact on an improvement to be provided in the assessment area.
(22) "Governing body" means:
1. (a) for a county, city, or town, the legislative body of the county, city, or town;
2. (b) for a local district, the board of trustees of the local district;
3. (c) for a special service district:
  1. (i) the legislative body of the county, city, or town that established the special service district, if no administrative control board has been appointed under Section 17D-1-301; or
  2. (ii) the administrative control board of the special service district, if an administrative control board has been appointed under Section 17D-1-301; and
4. (d) for the military installation development authority created in Section 63H-1-201, the authority board, as defined in Section 63H-1-102.
(23) "Guaranty fund" means the fund established by a local entity under Section 11-42-701.
(24) "Improved property" means property upon which a residential, commercial, or other building has been built.
(25) "Improvement":
1. (a)
  1. (i) means a publicly owned infrastructure, system, or other facility, a publicly or privately owned energy efficiency upgrade, a publicly or privately owned renewable energy system, or publicly or privately owned environmental remediation activity that:
    1. (A) a local entity is authorized to provide;
    2. (B) the governing body of a local entity determines is necessary or convenient to enable the local entity to provide a service that the local entity is authorized to provide; or
    3. (C) a local entity is requested to provide through an interlocal agreement in accordance with Title 11, Chapter 13, Interlocal Cooperation Act; and
  2. (ii) includes facilities in an assessment area, including a private driveway, an irrigation ditch, and a water turnout, that:
    1. (A) can be conveniently installed at the same time as an infrastructure, system, or other facility described in Subsection (25)(a)(i); and
    2. (B) are requested by a property owner on whose property or for whose benefit the infrastructure, system, or other facility is being installed; or
2. (b) for a local district created to assess groundwater rights in accordance with Section 17B-1-202, means a system or plan to regulate groundwater withdrawals within a specific groundwater basin in accordance with Sections 17B-1-202 and 73-5-15.
(26) "Improvement revenues":
1. (a) means charges, fees, impact fees, or other revenues that a local entity receives from improvements; and
2. (b) does not include revenue from assessments.
(27) "Incidental refunding costs" means any costs of issuing refunding assessment bonds and calling, retiring, or paying prior bonds, including:
1. (a) legal and accounting fees;
2. (b) charges of financial advisors, escrow agents, certified public accountant verification entities, and trustees;
3. (c) underwriting discount costs, printing costs, the costs of giving notice;
4. (d) any premium necessary in the calling or retiring of prior bonds;
5. (e) fees to be paid to the local entity to issue the refunding assessment bonds and to refund the outstanding prior bonds;
6. (f) any other costs that the governing body determines are necessary and proper to incur in connection with the issuance of refunding assessment bonds; and
7. (g) any interest on the prior bonds that is required to be paid in connection with the issuance of the refunding assessment bonds.
(28) "Installment payment date" means the date on which an installment payment of an assessment is payable.
(29) "Interim warrant" means a warrant issued by a local entity under Section 11-42-601.
(30) "Jurisdictional boundaries" means:
1. (a) for a county, the boundaries of the unincorporated area of the county; and
2. (b) for each other local entity, the boundaries of the local entity.
(31) "Local district" means a local district under Title 17B, Limited Purpose Local Government Entities - Local Districts.
(32) "Local entity" means a county, city, town, special service district, local district, an interlocal entity as defined in Section 11-13-103, a military installation development authority created in Section 63H-1-201, or other political subdivision of the state.
(33) "Local entity obligations" means assessment bonds, refunding assessment bonds, interim warrants, and bond anticipation notes issued by a local entity.
(34) "Mailing address" means:
1. (a) a property owner's last-known address using the name and address appearing on the last completed real property assessment roll of the county in which the property is located; and
2. (b) if the property is improved property:
  1. (i) the property's street number; or
  2. (ii) the post office box, rural route number, or other mailing address of the property, if a street number has not been assigned.
(35) "Net improvement revenues" means all improvement revenues that a local entity has received since the last installment payment date, less all amounts payable by the local entity from those improvement revenues for operation and maintenance costs.
(36) "Operation and maintenance costs":
1. (a) means the costs that a local entity incurs in operating and maintaining improvements in an assessment area, whether or not those improvements have been financed under this chapter; and
2. (b) includes service charges, administrative costs, ongoing maintenance charges, and tariffs or other charges for electrical, water, gas, or other utility usage.
(37) "Overhead costs" means the actual costs incurred or the estimated costs to be incurred by a local entity in connection with an assessment area for appraisals, legal fees, filing fees, financial advisory charges, underwriting fees, placement fees, escrow, trustee, and paying agent fees, publishing and mailing costs, costs of levying an assessment, recording costs, and all other incidental costs.
(38) "Prior assessment ordinance" means the ordinance levying the assessments from which the prior bonds are payable.
(39) "Prior assessment resolution" means the resolution levying the assessments from which the prior bonds are payable.
(40) "Prior bonds" means the assessment bonds that are refunded in part or in whole by refunding assessment bonds.
(41) "Project engineer" means the surveyor or engineer employed by or the private consulting engineer engaged by a local entity to perform the necessary engineering services for and to supervise the construction or installation of the improvements.
(42) "Property" includes real property and any interest in real property, including water rights and leasehold rights.
(43) "Property price" means the price at which a local entity purchases or acquires by eminent domain property to make improvements in an assessment area.
(44) "Provide" or "providing," with reference to an improvement, includes the acquisition, construction, reconstruction, renovation, maintenance, repair, operation, and expansion of an improvement.
(45) "Public agency" means:
1. (a) the state or any agency, department, or division of the state; and
2. (b) a political subdivision of the state.
(46) "Reduced payment obligation" means the full obligation of an owner of property within an assessment area to pay an assessment levied on the property after the assessment has been reduced because of the issuance of refunding assessment bonds, as provided in Section 11-42-608.
(47) "Refunding assessment bonds" means assessment bonds that a local entity issues under Section 11-42-607 to refund, in part or in whole, assessment bonds.
(48) "Renewable energy system" means a product, a system, a device, or an interacting group of devices that:
1. (a) is permanently affixed to commercial or industrial real property; and
2. (b) produces energy from renewable resources, including:
  1. (i) a photovoltaic system;
  2. (ii) a solar thermal system;
  3. (iii) a wind system;
  4. (iv) a geothermal system, including:
    1. (A) a generation system;
    2. (B) a direct-use system; or
    3. (C) a ground source heat pump system;
  5. (v) a microhydro system; or
  6. (vi) other renewable sources approved by the governing body of a local entity.
(49) "Reserve fund" means a fund established by a local entity under Section 11-42-702.
(50) "Service" means:
1. (a) water, sewer, storm drainage, garbage collection, library, recreation, communications, or electric service;
2. (b) economic promotion activities; or
3. (c) any other service that a local entity is required or authorized to provide.
(51) "Special service district" has the same meaning as defined in Section 17D-1-102.
(52) "Unassessed benefitted government property" means property that a local entity may not assess in accordance with Section 11-42-408 but is benefitted by an improvement, operation and maintenance, or economic promotion activities.
(53) "Unimproved property" means property upon which no residential, commercial, or other building has been built.
(54) "Voluntary assessment area" means an assessment area that contains only property whose owners have voluntarily consented to an assessment.