1. (a) Appointment The Director of the National Cancer Institute shall be appointed by the President and the Directors of the other national research institutes shall be appointed by the Secretary. Each Director of a national research institute shall report directly to the Director of NIH.

2. (b) Duties and authority; grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements

   1. (1) In carrying out the purposes of section 241 of this title with respect to human diseases or disorders or other aspects of human health for which the national research institutes were established, the Secretary, acting through the Director of each national research institute—

      1. (A) shall encourage and support research, investigations, experiments, demonstrations, and studies in the health sciences related to—

         1. (i) the maintenance of health,
         2. (ii) the detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of human diseases and disorders,
         3. (iii) the rehabilitation of individuals with human diseases, disorders, and disabilities, and
         4. (iv) the expansion of knowledge of the processes underlying human diseases, disorders, and disabilities, the processes underlying the normal and pathological functioning of the body and its organ systems, and the processes underlying the interactions between the human organism and the environment;
      2. (B) may, subject to the peer review prescribed under section 289a(b) of this title and any advisory council review under section 284a(a)(3)(A)(i) of this title, conduct the research, investigations, experiments, demonstrations, and studies referred to in subparagraph (A);
      3. (C) may conduct and support research training (i) for which fellowship support is not provided under section 288 of this title, and (ii) which is not residency training of physicians or other health professionals;
      4. (D) may develop, implement, and support demonstrations and programs for the application of the results of the activities of the institute to clinical practice and disease prevention activities;
      5. (E) may develop, conduct, and support public and professional education and information programs;
      6. (F) may secure, develop and maintain, distribute, and support the development and maintenance of resources needed for research;
      7. (G) may make available the facilities of the institute to appropriate entities and individuals engaged in research activities and cooperate with and assist Federal and State agencies charged with protecting the public health;
      8. (H) may accept unconditional gifts made to the institute for its activities, and, in the case of gifts of a value in excess of $50,000, establish suitable memorials to the donor;
      9. (I) may secure for the institute consultation services and advice of persons from the United States or abroad;
      10. (J) may use, with their consent, the services, equipment, personnel, information, and facilities of other Federal, State, or local public agencies, with or without reimbursement therefor;
      11. (K) may accept voluntary and uncompensated services; and
      12. (L) may perform such other functions as the Secretary determines are needed to carry out effectively the purposes of the institute.

      The indemnification provisions of section 2354 of title 10 shall apply with respect to contracts entered into under this subsection and section 282(b) of this title.

   2. (2) Support for an activity or program under this subsection may be provided through grants, contracts, and cooperative agreements. The Secretary, acting through the Director of each national research institute—

      1. (A) may enter into a contract for research, training, or demonstrations only if the contract has been recommended after technical and scientific peer review required by regulations under section 289a of this title;

      2. (B) may make grants and cooperative agreements under paragraph (1) for research, training, or demonstrations, except that—

         1. (i) if the direct cost of the grant or cooperative agreement to be made does not exceed $50,000, such grant or cooperative agreement may be made only if such grant or cooperative agreement has been recommended after technical and scientific peer review required by regulations under section 289a of this title, and
         2. (ii) if the direct cost of the grant or cooperative agreement to be made exceeds $50,000, such grant or cooperative agreement may be made only if such grant or cooperative agreement has been recommended after technical and scientific peer review required by regulations under section 289a of this title and is recommended under section 284a(a)(3)(A)(ii) of this title by the advisory council for the national research institute involved; and
      3. (C) shall, subject to section 300cc–40c(d)(2) of this title, receive from the President and the Office of Management and Budget directly all funds appropriated by the Congress for obligation and expenditure by the Institute.

3. (c) Coordination with other public and private entities; cooperation with other national research institutes; appointment of additional peer review groups In carrying out subsection (b) of this section, each Director of a national research institute—

   1. (1) shall coordinate, as appropriate, the activities of the institute with similar programs of other public and private entities;
   2. (2) shall cooperate with the Directors of the other national research institutes in the development and support of multidisciplinary research and research that involves more than one institute;

   3. (3) may, in consultation with the advisory council for the Institute and with the approval of the Director of NIH—

      1. (A) establish technical and scientific peer review groups in addition to those appointed under section 282(b)(16) of this title; and
      2. (B) appoint the members of peer review groups established under subparagraph (A); and
   4. (4) may publish, or arrange for the publication of, information with respect to the purpose of the Institute without regard to section 501 of title 44.

   The Federal Advisory Committee Act shall not apply to the duration of a peer review group appointed under paragraph (3).

(July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 405, as added Pub. L. 99–158, § 2, Nov. 20, 1985, 99 Stat. 826; amended Pub. L. 100–607, title I, § 116, Nov. 4, 1988, 102 Stat. 3053; Pub. L. 100–690, title II, § 2613(c), Nov. 18, 1988, 102 Stat. 4239; Pub. L. 103–43, title III, § 301(a)(1), (b), June 10, 1993, 107 Stat. 150; Pub. L. 109–482, title I, § 102(f)(1)(B), Jan. 15, 2007, 120 Stat. 3685.)

References in Text The Federal Advisory Committee Act, referred to in subsec. (c), is Pub. L. 92–463, Oct. 6, 1972, 86 Stat. 770, as amended, which is set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

Amendments 2007—Subsec. (c)(3)(A). Pub. L. 109–482 substituted “section 282(b)(16)” for “section 282(b)(6)”.

1993—Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 103–43, § 301(a)(1), added subpar. (C).

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–43, § 301(b)(2), inserted concluding provisions relating to Federal Advisory Committee Act.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 103–43, § 301(b)(1), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: “may, in consultation with the advisory council for the Institute and the approval of the Director of NIH, establish and appoint technical and scientific peer review groups in addition to those established and appointed under section 282(b)(6) of this title; and”.

1988—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 100–607, § 116(1), struck out “the” after “with respect to” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 100–690 substituted “establish and appoint” and “established and appointed” for “establish” and “established”, respectively.

Pub. L. 100–607, § 116(2)(A), amended par. (3) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (3) read as follows: “may, with the approval of the advisory council for the institute and the Director of NIH, appoint technical and scientific peer review groups in addition to those appointed under section 282(b)(6) of this title.”

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 100–607, § 116(2)(C), added par. (4).

Effective Date of 2007 Amendment Amendment by Pub. L. 109–482 applicable only with respect to amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2007 or subsequent fiscal years, see section 109 of Pub. L. 109–482, set out as a note under section 281 of this title.

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective immediately after enactment of Pub. L. 100–607, which was approved Nov. 4, 1988, see section 2600 of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 242m of this title.

Enhancing the Clinical and Translational Science Award Pub. L. 109–482, title I, § 106, Jan. 15, 2007, 120 Stat. 3696, provided that:

1. “(a) In General.— In administering the Clinical and Translational Science Award, the Director of NIH shall establish a mechanism to preserve independent funding and infrastructure for pediatric clinical research centers by—

   1. “(1) allowing the appointment of a secondary principal investigator under a single Clinical and Translational Science Award, such that a pediatric principal investigator may be appointed with direct authority over a separate budget and infrastructure for pediatric clinical research; or
   2. “(2) otherwise securing institutional independence of pediatric clinical research centers with respect to finances, infrastructure, resources, and research agenda.
2. “(b) Report.— As part of the biennial report under section 403 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 283], the Director of NIH shall provide an evaluation and comparison of outcomes and effectiveness of training programs under subsection (a).
3. “(c) Definition.— For purposes of this section, the term ‘Director of NIH’ has the meaning given such term in section 401 of the Public Health Service Act [42 U.S.C. 281].”