1. (a) In general The Attorney General may make grants to States, State courts, local courts, units of local government, and Indian tribal governments, acting directly or through agreements with other public or private entities, for adult drug courts, juvenile drug courts, family drug courts, and tribal drug courts that involve—

   1. (1) continuing judicial supervision over offenders, and other individuals under the jurisdiction of the court, with substance abuse problems who are not violent offenders;
   2. (2) coordination with the appropriate State or local prosecutor; and

   3. (3) the integrated administration of other sanctions and services, which shall include—

      1. (A) mandatory periodic testing for the use of controlled substances or other addictive substances during any period of supervised release or probation for each participant;
      2. (B) substance abuse treatment for each participant;
      3. (C) diversion, probation, or other supervised release involving the possibility of prosecution, confinement, or incarceration based on noncompliance with program requirements or failure to show satisfactory progress;
      4. (D) offender management, and aftercare services such as relapse prevention, health care, education, vocational training, job placement, housing placement, and child care or other family support services for each participant who requires such services;
      5. (E) payment, in whole or part, by the offender of treatment costs, to the extent practicable, such as costs for urinalysis or counseling; and
      6. (F) payment, in whole or part, by the offender of restitution, to the extent practicable, to either a victim of the offender’s offense or to a restitution or similar victim support fund.
2. (b) Limitation Economic sanctions imposed on an offender pursuant to this section shall not be at a level that would interfere with the offender’s rehabilitation.

3. (c) Mandatory drug testing and mandatory sanctions

   1. (1) Mandatory testing Grant amounts under this subchapter may be used for a drug court only if the drug court has mandatory periodic testing as described in subsection (a)(3)(A). The Attorney General shall, by prescribing guidelines or regulations, specify standards for the timing and manner of complying with such requirements. The standards—

      1. (A) shall ensure that—

         1. (i) each participant is tested for every controlled substance that the participant has been known to abuse, and for any other controlled substance the Attorney General or the court may require; and
         2. (ii) the testing is accurate and practicable; and
      2. (B) may require approval of the drug testing regime to ensure that adequate testing occurs.

   2. (2) Mandatory sanctions The Attorney General shall, by prescribing guidelines or regulations, specify that grant amounts under this subchapter may be used for a drug court only if the drug court imposes graduated sanctions that increase punitive measures, therapeutic measures, or both whenever a participant fails a drug test. Such sanctions and measures may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following:

      1. (A) Incarceration.
      2. (B) Detoxification treatment.
      3. (C) Residential treatment.
      4. (D) Increased time in program.
      5. (E) Termination from the program.
      6. (F) Increased drug screening requirements.
      7. (G) Increased court appearances.
      8. (H) Increased counseling.
      9. (I) Increased supervision.
      10. (J) Electronic monitoring.
      11. (K) In-home restriction.
      12. (L) Community service.
      13. (M) Family counseling.
      14. (N) Anger management classes.

(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, § 2951, as added Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title II, § 2301(a), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1794; amended Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, § 1143, Jan. 5, 2006, 119 Stat. 3111; Pub. L. 109–177, title VII, § 751, Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 273.)

Amendments 2006—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–162 substituted “offenders, and other individuals under the jurisdiction of the court, with substance abuse problems” for “offenders with substance abuse problems”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–177 added subsec. (c).

Study by the Government Accountability Office Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title II, § 2303, Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1799, provided that:

1. “(a) In General.— The Comptroller General of the United States shall study and assess the effectiveness and impact of grants authorized by part EE of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 [42 U.S.C. 3797u et seq.] as added by section 2401 [2301] and report to Congress the results of the study on or before January 1, 2005.
2. “(b) Documents and Information.— The Attorney General and grant recipients shall provide the Comptroller General with all relevant documents and information that the Comptroller General deems necessary to conduct the study under subsection (a), including the identities and criminal records of program participants.

3. “(c) Criteria.— In assessing the effectiveness of the grants made under programs authorized by part EE of [title I of] the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 [42 U.S.C. 3797u et seq.], the Comptroller General shall consider, among other things—

   1. “(1) recidivism rates of program participants;
   2. “(2) completion rates among program participants;
   3. “(3) drug use by program participants; and
   4. “(4) the costs of the program to the criminal justice system.”