1. (a) Information on the source of the water delivered must be included in the report.

   1. (1) Each report must identify the source(s) of the water delivered by the community water system by providing information on the type of the water (such as surface water or groundwater) and any commonly used name and location of the body(ies) of water.
   2. (2) If a source water assessment has been completed, the report must notify consumers of the availability of this information and the means to obtain it. In the reports, systems should highlight significant sources of contamination in the source water area if they have readily available information.
   3. (3) If a system has received a source water assessment from the executive director, the report must include a brief summary of the system's susceptibility to potential sources of contamination using language provided by the executive director or written by a water system official.

2. (b) The following explanations must be included in the annual report.

   1. (1) Each report shall contain definitions of:

      1. (A) Maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) - the level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety; and
      2. (B) Maximum contaminant level (MCL) - the highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to MCLGs as feasible using the best available treatment technology.

   2. (2) The following terms and their descriptions shall be included when they appear in the report:

      1. (A) MFL - million fibers per liter (a measure of asbestos);
      2. (B) mrem/year - millirems per year (a measure of radiation absorbed by the body);
      3. (C) NTU - nephelometric turbidity units (a measure of turbidity);
      4. (D) pCi/l - picocuries per liter (a measure of radioactivity);
      5. (E) ppb - parts per billion, or micrograms per liter ( g/l);
      6. (F) ppm - parts per million, or milligrams per liter (mg/l);
      7. (G) ppt - parts per trillion, or nanograms per liter (ng/l); and
      8. (H) ppq - parts per quadrillion, or picograms per liter (pg/l).
   3. (3) A report for a community water system operating under a variance or an exemption of the Safe Drinking Water Act shall include a description of the variance or the exemption granted under §290.102(b)(4) of this title (relating to Variance and Exemptions).

   4. (4) A report that contains data on a contaminant for which the EPA has set a treatment technique or an action level must include, depending on the contents of the report, the definitions for:

      1. (A) Treatment technique (TT) - a required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water; and
      2. (B) Action level (AL) - the concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements which a water system must follow.

3. (c) Information on detected contaminants.

   1. (1) This subsection specifies the requirements for information to be included in each report for detected contaminants subject to mandatory monitoring, excluding Cryptosporidium. Mandatory monitoring is required for:

      1. (A) regulated contaminants subject to an MCL, action level, or treatment technique;
      2. (B) unregulated contaminants for which monitoring is required by 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) §141.40, relating to Unregulated Contaminants and found in §290.275(4) of this title (relating to Appendices A - D); and
      3. (C) disinfection by-products or microbial contaminants for which monitoring is required by 40 CFR §141.142, relating to Information Collection Requirements (ICR) for Public Water System - Disinfection by-product and related monitoring, and 40 CFR §141.143, relating to Microbial Monitoring Requirements.
   2. (2) The data relating to these detected contaminants shall be displayed in one table or in several adjacent tables. Any additional monitoring results which a community water system chooses to include in its reports must be displayed separately.
   3. (3) The data shall be derived from data collected to comply with EPA and the commission monitoring and analytical requirements during the previous calendar year, except when a system is allowed to monitor for regulated contaminants less often than once per year. In that case, the table(s) must include the date and results of the most recent sampling, and the report must include a brief statement indicating that the data presented in the report is from the most recent testing done in accordance with the regulations. The report does not need to include data that is older than five years. Furthermore, results of monitoring in compliance with the 40 CFR §141.142, relating to ICR Disinfection by- product and related monitoring, and 40 CFR §141.143, relating to ICR Microbial Monitoring Requirements, need only be included for five years from the date of the last sample or until any of the detected contaminants becomes regulated and subject to routine monitoring requirements, whichever comes first.

   4. (4) For detected regulated contaminants listed under §290.275 of this title, the table(s) shall contain:

      1. (A) the MCLs for those contaminants expressed as a number equal to or greater than 1.0 (as provided under §290.275 of this title);
      2. (B) the MCLGs for those contaminants expressed in the same units as the MCLs (as provided for under §290.275 of this title);
      3. (C) if there is no MCL for a detected contaminant, the treatment technique or specific action level applicable to that contaminant; and

      4. (D) for contaminants subject to an MCL, except turbidity and total coliforms, the highest contaminant level used to determine compliance with National Primary Drinking Water Regulations and the range of detected levels.

         1. (i) For contaminants subject to MCLs, except turbidity and total coliforms, when sampling takes place once per year or less often, the table(s) must contain the highest detected level at any sampling point and the range of detected levels expressed in the same units as the MCL.
         2. (ii) If sampling takes place more than once per year at each sampling point, the table(s) must contain the highest average of any of the sampling points and the range of all sampling points expressed in the same units as the MCL.
         3. (iii) If compliance with any MCL is determined on a system-wide basis by calculating a running annual average of all samples at all sampling points, the table(s) must include the average and range of detections expressed in the same units as the MCL.
         4. (iv) If the executive director allows the rounding of results to determine compliance with the MCL, rounding should be done prior to multiplying the results by the factor listed under §290.275 of this title.
      5. (E) When turbidity is reported under §290.111 of this title (relating to Turbidity), the table(s) must contain the highest single measurement and the lowest monthly percentage of samples meeting the turbidity limits specified in that section for the filtration technology being used. The report should include an explanation of the reasons for measuring turbidity.
      6. (F) When lead and copper are reported, the table(s) must contain the 90th percentile value of the most recent round of sampling and the number of sampling sites exceeding the action level.
      7. (G) When total coliform is reported, the table(s) must contain either the highest monthly number of positive samples for systems collecting fewer than 40 samples per month or the highest monthly percentage of positive samples for systems collecting at least 40 samples per month.
      8. (H) When fecal coliform is reported, the table(s) must contain the total number of positive samples.

      9. (I) The table(s) must contain information on the likely source(s) of detected contaminants based on the operator's knowledge. Specific information regarding contaminants may be available in sanitary surveys or source water assessments and should be used when available. If the operator lacks specific information on the likely source, the report must include one or more typical sources most applicable to the system for any particular contaminant listed under §290.275 of this title.

         1. (i) If a community water system distributes water to its customers from multiple hydraulically independent distribution systems that are fed by different raw water sources, the table(s) must contain a separate column for each service area, and the report must identify each separate distribution system. Systems may produce separate reports tailored to include data for each service area.
         2. (ii) The table(s) must clearly identify any data indicating violations of MCLs or treatment techniques. The report must contain a clear and readily understandable explanation of the violation. The explanation must include the length of the violation, the potential adverse health effects, and actions taken by the system to address the violation. To describe the potential health effects, the system must use the relevant language contained under §290.275 of this title.
   5. (5) For detected unregulated contaminants found under §290.275 of this title, for which monitoring is required (except Cryptosporidium), the table(s) must contain the average and range of concentrations at which the contaminant was detected. The report must include the following explanation: "Unregulated contaminants are those for which EPA has not established drinking water standards. The purpose of unregulated contaminant monitoring is to assist EPA in determining the occurrence of unregulated contaminants in drinking water and whether future regulation is warranted."

4. (d) Information on Cryptosporidium, radon, and other contaminants.

   1. (1) If the system has performed any monitoring for Cryptosporidium, the report must include a summary of the results of any detections and an explanation of the significance of the results.
   2. (2) If the system has performed any monitoring for radon which indicates that radon may be present in the finished water, the report must include the results of the monitoring and an explanation of the significance of the results.
   3. (3) If the system has performed additional monitoring which indicates the presence of other contaminants in the finished water, the executive director strongly encourages systems to report any results which may indicate a health concern. To determine if the results may indicate a health concern, the executive director recommends that systems find out if the EPA has proposed a standard in theNational Primary Drinking Water Regulations (NPDWR) or issued a health advisory for any particular contaminant. This information may be obtained by calling the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791. The executive director considers detections that are above a proposed MCL or health advisory level to indicate possible health concerns. For such contaminants, the executive director recommends that the report include the results of the monitoring and an explanation of the significance of the results. The explanation should note the existence of a health advisory or a proposed regulation.

5. (e) Compliance with NPDWR. In addition to the requirements in (c)(4)(I)(ii) of this section, the report must note any violation that occurred during the year covered by the report of a requirement listed in paragraphs (1)-(7) of this subsection.

   1. (1) The report must include a clear and readily understandable explanation of each violation of monitoring and reporting of compliance data and explain any adverse health effects and steps the system has taken to correct the violation.
   2. (2) The report must include a clear and readily understandable explanation of each violation of filtration and disinfection prescribed by Subchapter F of this chapter (relating to Drinking Water Standards Governing Drinking Water Quality and Reporting Requirements for Public Water Supply Systems) and explain any adverse health effects and steps the system has taken to correct the violation. This applies both to systems which have failed to install adequate filtration, disinfection equipment or processes, and to systems that have had a failure of such equipment or processes, each of which constitutes a violation. In either case, the report must include the following language as part of the explanation of potential adverse health effects: "Inadequately treated water may contain disease- causing organisms. These organisms include bacteria, viruses and parasites which can cause symptoms such as nausea, cramps, diarrhea and associated headaches."
   3. (3) The report must include a clear and readily understandable explanation of each violation of the lead and copper control requirements prescribed by §290.117 of this title (relating to Regulation of Lead and Copper). For systems which fail to take one or more actions prescribed by §290.117(g), (h), and (i) of this title, the report must include the applicable health effects language of §290.275 of this title for lead, copper, or both and the steps the system has taken to correct the violation.
   4. (4) The report must include a clear and readily understandable explanation of each violation of treatment techniques for Acrylamide and Epichlorohydrin prescribed by §290.107 of this title (relating to Organic Contaminants). If a system violates these requirements, the report shall include the relevant health effects language from §290.275 of this title and the steps the system has taken to correct the violation.
   5. (5) The report must include a clear and readily understandable explanation of each violation of recordkeeping of compliance data and explain any adverse health effects and steps the system has taken to correct the violation.
   6. (6) The report must include a clear and readily understandable explanation of each violation of special monitoring requirements for unregulated contaminants and special monitoring for sodium as prescribed by 40 CFR §141.40 and §141.41 and explain any adverse health effects and steps the system has taken to correct the violation.
   7. (7) The report must include a clear and readily understandable explanation of each violation of the terms of a variance, exemption, administrative order, or judicial order and explain any adverse health effects and steps the system has taken to correct the violation.

6. (f) Variances and exemptions. If a system is operating under the terms of a variance or exemption issued under §290.102(b) of this title (relating to General Applicability), the report must contain:

   1. (1) an explanation of the variance or exemption;
   2. (2) the date on which the variance or exemption was issued and on which it expires;
   3. (3) a brief status report on the steps the system is taking, such as installing treatment processes or finding alternative sources of water, to comply with the terms and schedules of the variance or exemption; and
   4. (4) a notice of any opportunity for public input as the review or renewal of the variance or exemption.

7. (g) Additional information.

   1. (1) The report must contain a brief explanation regarding contaminants which may reasonably be expected to be found in drinking water (including bottled water). This explanation may include the language contained within subparagraphs (A) - (C) of this paragraph, or systems may include their own comparable language. The report must include the language of subparagraphs (D) and (E) of this paragraph.

      1. (A) The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally-occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity.

      2. (B) Contaminants that may be present in source water include:

         1. (i) microbial contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, which may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife;
         2. (ii) inorganic contaminants, such as salts and metals, which can be naturally-occurring or result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming;
         3. (iii) pesticides and herbicides, which might have a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses;
         4. (iv) organic chemical contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by- products of industrial processes and petroleum production, and can also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, and septic systems; and
         5. (v) radioactive contaminants, which can be naturally-occurring or the result of oil and gas production and mining activities.
      3. (C) In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, the EPA prescribes regulations which limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations establish limits for contaminants in bottled water which must provide the same protection for public health.
      4. (D) Contaminants may be found in drinking water that may cause taste, color, or odor problems. These types of problems are not necessarily causes for health concerns. For more information on taste, odor, or color of drinking water, please contact the system's business office.
      5. (E) Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791.
   2. (2) The report must include the telephone number of the owner, operator, or designee of the community water system as an additional source of information concerning the report.
   3. (3) Each English language report must include the following statement in a prominent place on the first page: "Este reporte incluye informacion importante sobre el agua para tomar. Para asistancia en español, favor de llamar al telefono (XXX) XXX-XXXX." In addition to this statement in Spanish, for communities with a large proportion of non-English and non-Spanish speaking residents, as determined by the executive director, the report must contain information in the appropriate language(s) regarding the importance of the report or contain a telephone number or address where such residents may contact the system to obtain a translated copy of the report or assistance in the appropriate language.
   4. (4) The report must include information about opportunities for public participation in decisions that may affect the quality of the water (e.g., time and place of regularly scheduled board meetings). Investor-owned utilities are encouraged to conduct public meetings, but must include a phone number for public input.
   5. (5) The systems may include such additional information for public education consistent with, and not detracting from, the purposes of the report.
   6. (6) Systems that use an interconnect or emergency source to augment the drinking water supply during the calendar year of the report must provide the source of the water, the length of time used, an explanation of why it was used, and whom to call for the water quality information.

Source Note:The provisions of this §290.272 adopted to be effective August 21, 2000, 25 TexReg 8730.