1. (a) Introduction.

   1. (1) High school students that require or request additional honing of the study skills, especially as the students prepare for the demands of college, may enroll in the one semester course, Reading Application and Study Skills. In this course, students learn techniques for learning from texts including studying word meanings, producing effective summaries, identifying and relating key ideas, drawing and supporting inferences, and reviewing study strategies. In addition, students will have opportunities to respond critically to literary texts. In all cases, interpretations and understandings will be presented through varying forms including through use of available technology. Students accomplish many of the objectives through wide reading as well as use of (cross-curricular) content texts in preparation for post secondary schooling. For high school students whose first language is not English, the students' native language serves as a foundation for English language acquisition and language learning.
   2. (2) The essential knowledge and skills as well as the student expectations for Reading Application and Study Skills, an elective course, are described in subsection (b) of this section.

2. (b) Knowledge and skills.

   1. (1) The student reads widely for different purposes in varied sources. The student is expected to:

      1. (A) read self-selected and assigned texts in such varied sources as literature, diaries, journals, textbooks, maps, newspapers, letters, speeches, memoranda, electronic texts, and other media; and
      2. (B) read to be entertained, to appreciate a writer's craft, to be informed, to take action, and to discover models to use in his/her own writing.

   2. (2) The student builds an extensive vocabulary through reading and systematic word study. The student is expected to:

      1. (A) expand vocabulary through wide reading, listening, and discussion;
      2. (B) rely on context to determine meanings of words and phrases such as figurative language, idioms, multiple meaning words, and technical vocabulary;
      3. (C) apply meanings of prefixes, roots, and suffixes to comprehend;
      4. (D) investigate word origins as an aid to understanding meanings, derivations, and spellings;
      5. (E) use reference material such as glossary, dictionary, thesaurus, and available technology to determine precise meaning and usage;
      6. (F) discriminate between connotative and denotative meanings and interpret the connotative power of words; and
      7. (G) interpret the meaning of analogies in texts.

   3. (3) The student comprehends selections using a variety of strategies. The student is expected to:

      1. (A) monitor his/her own reading strategies and make modifications when understanding breaks down such as rereading, using resources, and questioning;
      2. (B) activate and draw upon background knowledge in order to comprehend;
      3. (C) establish and adjust both immediate and overarching purposes for reading such as to find out, to understand, to interpret, to enjoy, or to solve problems; and
      4. (D) construct images based on text descriptions.

   4. (4) The student reads critically to evaluate texts and the authority of sources. The student is expected to:

      1. (A) analyze the characteristics of clear text;
      2. (B) evaluate the credibility of information sources and their appropriateness for various needs;
      3. (C) describe how a writer's motivation, expertise, or stance may affect text credibility, structure, or tone;
      4. (D) analyze aspects of texts such as patterns of organization and choice of language for their effect on audiences;
      5. (E) apply modes of reasoning such as induction and deduction to think critically; and
      6. (F) recognize logical and illogical modes of persuasion in texts.

   5. (5) The student uses study strategies to learn from text. The student is expected to:

      1. (A) learn and recall ideas and concepts from text such as previewing, skimming, scanning, rereading, and asking questions;
      2. (B) recall important information by taking notes or making marginal notations;
      3. (C) summarize information from text through the use of outlines, study guides, or learning logs;
      4. (D) determine important information in test questions by highlighting and underlining;
      5. (E) answer different types of questions, including test-like questions such as multiple choice, open-ended, literal, or interpretive;
      6. (F) produce summaries of texts that include main ideas and their supporting details;
      7. (G) draw inferences and support them with text evidence and experiences;
      8. (H) draw conclusions from text information; and
      9. (I) analyze text structures such as compare/contrast, cause/effect, or chronological order for how they influence understanding.

   6. (6) The student inquires through reading and researching self-selected and assigned topics. The student is expected to:

      1. (A) generate relevant, interesting, and researchable questions;
      2. (B) locate appropriate print and non-print information using text and technical resources, including databases;
      3. (C) use text organizers such as overviews, headings, and graphic features to locate and categorize information;
      4. (D) organize and record new information in systematic ways such as notes, charts, and graphic organizers;
      5. (E) produce research projects and reports in various formats for audiences; and
      6. (F) draw relevant questions for further study from the research findings or conclusions.

   7. (7) The student expresses and supports responses to various types of texts. The student is expected to:

      1. (A) respond to literary texts through various outlets such as discussions, journals, oral interpretations, or enactments;
      2. (B) respond to informational reading through varied and appropriate modes such as writings, performances, projects, graphic displays, and available technology;
      3. (C) negotiate, clarify, and defend responses in large and small discussion groups;
      4. (D) compare reviews of literature, film, and live performance with his/her own responses; and
      5. (E) evaluate his/her own responses to reading for evidence of growth in insight, clarity, and support.

Source Note:The provisions of this §110.48 adopted to be effective September 1, 1998, 22 TexReg 7549.