1. (a) In addition to any fine authorized by law, the court that sentences a defendant convicted of an offense may order the defendant to make restitution to any victim of the offense. If the court does not order restitution or orders partial restitution under this subsection, the court shall state on the record the reasons for not making the order or for the limited order.

   (b)

2. (1) If the offense results in damage to or loss or destruction of property of a victim of the offense, the court may order the defendant:
3. (A) to return the property to the owner of the property or someone designated by the owner; or
4. (B) if return of the property is impossible or impractical or is an inadequate remedy, to pay an amount equal to the greater of:
5. (i) the value of the property on the date of the damage, loss, or destruction; or
6. (ii) the value of the property on the date of sentencing, less the value of any part of the property that is returned on the date the property is returned.
7. (2) If the offense results in bodily injury to a victim, the court may order the defendant to do any one or more of the following:
8. (A) pay an amount equal to the cost of necessary medical and related professional services and devices relating to physical, psychiatric, and psychological care, including nonmedical care and treatment rendered in accordance with a method of healing recognized by the law of the place of treatment;
9. (B) pay an amount equal to the cost of necessary physical and occupational therapy and rehabilitation; or
10. (C) reimburse the victim for income lost by the victim as a result of the offense.
11. (3) If the offense results in the death of a victim, the court may, in addition to an order under Subdivision (2) of this subsection, order the defendant to pay an amount equal to the cost of necessary funeral and related services.
12. (4) If the victim or the victim's estate consents, the court may, in addition to an order under Subdivision (2) of this subsection, order the defendant to make restitution by performing services instead of by paying money or make restitution to a person or organization designated by the victim or the estate.
13. (c) The court, in determining whether to order restitution and the amount of restitution, shall consider:
14. (1) the amount of the loss sustained by any victim as a result of the offense;
15. (2) the financial resources of the defendant;
16. (3) the financial needs and earning ability of the defendant and the defendant's dependents; and
17. (4) other factors the court deems appropriate.
18. (d) If the court orders restitution under this article and the victim is deceased the court shall order the defendant to make restitution to the victim's estate.

19. (e) The court shall impose an order of restitution that is as fair as possible to the victim. The imposition of the order may not unduly complicate or prolong the sentencing process.

    (f)

20. (1) The court may not order restitution for a loss for which the victim has received or will receive compensation. The court may, in the interest of justice, order restitution to any person who has compensated the victim for the loss to the extent the person paid compensation. An order of restitution shall require that all restitution to a victim be made before any restitution to any other person is made under the order.

21. (2) Any amount recovered by a victim from a person ordered to pay restitution in a federal or state civil proceeding is reduced by any amount previously paid to the victim by the person under an order of restitution.

    (g)

22. (1) The court may require a defendant to make restitution under this article within a specified period or in specified installments.
23. (2) The end of the period or the last installment may not be later than:
24. (A) the end of the period of probation, if probation is ordered;
25. (B) five years after the end of the term of imprisonment imposed, if the court does not order probation; or
26. (C) five years after the date of sentencing in any other case.
27. (3) If the court does not provide otherwise, the defendant shall make restitution immediately.
28. (4) Except as provided by Subsection (n), the order of restitution must require the defendant to make restitution directly to the victim or other person eligible for restitution under this article or to deliver the amount or property due as restitution to a community supervision and corrections department for transfer to the victim or person.
29. (h) If a defendant is placed on community supervision or is paroled or released on mandatory supervision, the court or the parole panel shall order the payment of restitution ordered under this article as a condition of community supervision, parole, or mandatory supervision. The court may revoke community supervision and the parole panel may revoke parole or mandatory supervision if the defendant fails to comply with the order. In determining whether to revoke community supervision, parole, or mandatory supervision, the court or parole panel shall consider:
30. (1) the defendant's employment status;
31. (2) the defendant's earning ability;
32. (3) the defendant's financial resources;
33. (4) the willfulness of the defendant's failure to pay; and
34. (5) any other special circumstances that may affect the defendant's ability to pay.
35. (i) In addition to any other terms and conditions of probation imposed under Article 42.12 of this code, the court may require a probationer to reimburse the crime victims compensation fund created under Subchapter B, Chapter 56 for any amounts paid from that fund to a victim of the probationer's offense. In this subsection, "victim" has the meaning assigned by Article 56.01 of this code.
36. (j) The court may order a community supervision and corrections department to obtain information pertaining to the factors listed in Subsection (c) of this article. The probation officer shall include the information in the report required under Section 9(a), Article 42.12, of this code or a separate report, as the court directs. The court shall permit the defendant and the prosecuting attorney to read the report.
37. (k) The court shall resolve any dispute relating to the proper amount or type of restitution. The standard of proof is a preponderance of the evidence. The burden of demonstrating the amount of the loss sustained by a victim as a result of the offense is on the prosecuting attorney. The burden of demonstrating the financial resources of the defendant and the financial needs of the defendant and the defendant's dependents is on the defendant. The burden of demonstrating other matters as the court deems appropriate is on the party designated by the court as justice requires.
38. (l) Conviction of a defendant for an offense involving the act giving rise to restitution under this article estops the defendant from denying the essential allegations of that offense in any subsequent federal civil proceeding or state civil proceeding brought by the victim, to the extent consistent with state law.
39. (m) An order of restitution may be enforced by the state or a victim named in the order to receive the restitution in the same manner as a judgment in a civil action.

40. (n) If a defendant is convicted of or receives deferred adjudication for an offense under Section 25.05, Penal Code, if the child support order on which prosecution of the offense was based required the defendant to pay the support to a local registry or the Title IV-D agency, and if the court orders restitution under this article, the order of restitution must require the defendant to pay the child support in the following manner:

    1. (1) during any period in which the defendant is under the supervision of a community supervision and corrections department, to the department for transfer to the local registry or Title IV-D agency designated as the place of payment in the child support order; and
    2. (2) during any period in which the defendant is not under the supervision of a department, directly to the registry or agency described by Subdivision (1).
41. (o) The pardons and paroles division may waive a supervision fee or an administrative fee imposed on an inmate under Section 508.182, Government Code, during any period in which the inmate is required to pay restitution under this article.

Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 806, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1993. Subsec. (a) amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 51, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Subsec. (i) amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 5.95(111), eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Subsec. (g)(4) amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 40, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Subsec. (n) added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 40, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Subsec. (h) amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 856, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Subsec. (o) added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1034, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.