(1) A "charter school" means a public, nonsectarian, nonreligious, nonhome-based, nonprofit corporation forming a school which operates within a public school district, but is accountable to the local school board of trustees of that district, which grants its charter.
(2) A charter school:
(a) is considered a public school and part of the school district in which it is located for the purposes of state law and the state constitution;
(b) is subject to all federal and state laws and constitutional provisions prohibiting discrimination on the basis of disability, race, creed, color, gender, national origin, religion, ancestry, or need for special education services;
(c) must be administered and governed by a governing body in a manner agreed to by the charter school applicant and the sponsor, the governing body to be selected in the manner provided in Section 59-40-50(B)(8);
(d) shall not charge tuition or other charges of any kind except as may be allowed by the sponsor.
(3) "Applicant" means the person who desires to form a charter school and files the necessary application therefor with the local school board of trustees. The applicant also must be the person who applies to the Secretary of State to organize the charter school as a nonprofit corporation.
(4) "Sponsor" means the local school board of trustees established as provided by law, from which the charter school applicant requested its charter, and which granted approval for the charter school's existence.
(5) "Certified teacher" means a person certified by the State of South Carolina to teach in a public elementary or secondary school.
(6) "Noncertified teacher" means an individual considered appropriately qualified for the subject matter taught, and who has been approved by the charter committee of the school.
(7) "Charter committee" means the governing body of a charter school and also shall be the board of directors of the corporation which must be organized.