Okla. Stat. tit. 47, § 6-105
Multiple Amendments Enacted during the 2023 and 2024 Legislative Sessions
A. Unless a legal custodial parent or legal guardian has filed an objection to licensure pursuant to Section 6-103.1 of this title, any person under eighteen (18) years of age who is in compliance with or not subject to Section 6-107.3 of this title may be permitted to operate:
C. Any person:
1. Who is at least fifteen (15) years of age and is currently receiving instruction in or has successfully completed driver education. For purposes of this section, the term "driver education" shall mean:
2. Who is at least sixteen (16) years of age,
may, upon successfully passing all parts of the driver license examination administered by Service Oklahoma, or an approved written examination proctor, except the driving examination, be issued a learner permit which will grant the permittee the privilege to operate a Class D motor vehicle upon the public highways only between the hours of 5:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. and while accompanied by a licensed driver who is at least twenty-one (21) years of age and who is actually occupying a seat beside the permittee; provided, the written examination for a learner permit may be waived by Service Oklahoma upon verification that the person has successfully completed driver education.
D.
1. Any person:
c. who is at least sixteen (16) years of age,
may be issued an intermediate Class D license upon successfully passing all parts of the driver license examinations administered by Service Oklahoma; provided, the written examination, if it has not previously been administered or waived, may be waived by Service Oklahoma upon verification that the person has successfully completed driver education or the driving examination may be waived by Service Oklahoma upon successful passage of the examination administered by a certified designated examiner, as provided for in Section 6-110 of this title. However, notwithstanding the date of issuance of the learner permit, if the person has been convicted of a traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time period specified in subparagraph a of this paragraph shall be recalculated to begin from the date of conviction for the traffic offense, and must elapse before that person may be issued an intermediate Class D license. If the person has been convicted of more than one traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time period specified in subparagraph a of this paragraph shall be recalculated to begin from the most recent date of conviction, and must elapse before that person may be issued an intermediate Class D license.
2. A person who has been issued an intermediate Class D license under the provisions of this subsection:
a. shall be granted the privilege to operate a Class D motor vehicle upon the public highways:
b. shall not operate a motor vehicle with more than one passenger unless:
E. Any person who has been issued an intermediate Class D license for a minimum of:
2. One hundred eighty (180) days, if the person has completed both the driver education and the parent-certified behind-the-wheel training provisions of subparagraph b of paragraph 1 of subsection D of this section,
may be issued a Class D license. However, notwithstanding the date of issuance of the Class D license, if the person has been convicted of a traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time periods specified in paragraph 1 or 2 of this subsection, as applicable, shall be recalculated to begin from the date of conviction for the traffic offense, and must elapse before that person may be issued a Class D license. If the person has been convicted of more than one traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time periods specified in paragraph 1 or 2 of this subsection, as applicable, shall be recalculated to begin from the most recent date of conviction, and must elapse before that person may be issued a Class D license.
H. Any person fourteen (14) years of age or older may apply for a restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only restriction. After the person has successfully passed all parts of the motorcycle examination other than the driving examination, has successfully completed a certified state-approved motorcycle basic rider course approved by the Department of Public Safety, in conjunction with Service Oklahoma, and has met all requirements provided for in the rules of the Department and Service Oklahoma, Service Oklahoma shall issue to the person a restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only restriction which shall grant to the person, while having the license in the person's immediate possession, the privilege to operate a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle:
4. While accompanied by and receiving instruction from any person who is at least twenty-one (21) years of age and who is properly licensed pursuant to the laws of this state to operate a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle, and who has visual contact with the restricted licensee.
The restricted licensee may apply on or after thirty (30) days from date of issuance of the restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only restriction to have the restriction of being accompanied by a licensed driver removed by successfully completing the driving portion of an examination.
The written examination and driving examination for a restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only endorsement shall be waived by Service Oklahoma upon verification that the person has successfully completed a certified state-approved motorcycle basic rider course approved by the Department and Service Oklahoma.
J. As used in this section:
K. All driver education courses provided for in paragraph 1 of subsection C of this section shall include education regarding the dangers of texting while driving and the effects of being under the influence of alcohol or other intoxicating substance while driving.
Version 2 (Amended by Laws 2023, HB 1962, c. 229, § 1)
A. Unless a legal custodial parent or legal guardian has filed an objection to licensure pursuant to Section 6-103.1 of this title, any person under eighteen (18) years of age may be permitted to operate:
C. Any person:
1. Who is at least fifteen and one-half (15 1/2) years of age and is currently receiving instruction in or has successfully completed driver education. For purposes of this section, the term "driver education" shall mean:
2. Who is at least sixteen (16) years of age,
may, upon successfully passing all parts of the driver license examination administered by Service Oklahoma, or an approved written examination proctor, except the driving examination, be issued a learner permit which will grant the permittee the privilege to operate a Class D motor vehicle upon the public highways only between the hours of 5:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. and while accompanied by a licensed driver who is at least twenty-one (21) years of age and who is actually occupying a seat beside the permittee; provided, the written examination for a learner permit may be waived by Service Oklahoma upon verification that the person has successfully completed driver education.
D.
1. Any person:
b. whose custodial legal parent or legal guardian certifies to Service Oklahoma by sworn affidavit that the person has received a minimum of fifty (50) hours of actual behind-the-wheel training, of which at least ten (10) hours of such training was at night, from a licensed driver who was at least twenty-one (21) years of age and who was properly licensed to operate a Class D motor vehicle for a minimum of two (2) years,
may be issued an intermediate Class D license upon successfully passing all parts of the driver license examinations administered by Service Oklahoma; provided, the written examination, if it has not previously been administered or waived, may be waived by Service Oklahoma upon verification that the person has successfully completed driver education or the driving examination may be waived by Service Oklahoma upon successful passage of the examination administered by a certified designated examiner, as provided for in Section 6-110 of this title. However, notwithstanding the date of issuance of the learner permit, if the person has been convicted of a traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time period specified in subparagraph a of this paragraph shall be recalculated to begin from the date of conviction for the traffic offense, and must elapse before that person may be issued an intermediate Class D license. If the person has been convicted of more than one traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time period specified in subparagraph a of this paragraph shall be recalculated to begin from the most recent date of conviction, and must elapse before that person may be issued an intermediate Class D license.
2. A person who has been issued an intermediate Class D license under the provisions of this subsection:
a. shall be granted the privilege to operate a Class D motor vehicle upon the public highways:
b. shall not operate a motor vehicle with more than one passenger unless:
E. Any person who has been issued an intermediate Class D license for a minimum of:
2. Six (6) months, if the person has completed both the driver education and the parent-certified behind-the-wheel training provisions of subparagraph b of paragraph 1 of subsection D of this section,
may be issued a Class D license. However, notwithstanding the date of issuance of the Class D license, if the person has been convicted of a traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time periods specified in paragraph 1 or 2 of this subsection, as applicable, shall be recalculated to begin from the date of conviction for the traffic offense, and must elapse before that person may be issued a Class D license. If the person has been convicted of more than one traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time periods specified in paragraph 1 or 2 of this subsection, as applicable, shall be recalculated to begin from the most recent date of conviction, and must elapse before that person may be issued a Class D license.
H. Any person fourteen (14) years of age or older may apply for a restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only restriction. After the person has successfully passed all parts of the motorcycle examination other than the driving examination, has successfully completed a certified state-approved motorcycle basic rider course approved by the Department of Public Safety, in conjunction with Service Oklahoma, and has met all requirements provided for in the rules of the Department and Service Oklahoma, Service Oklahoma shall issue to the person a restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only restriction which shall grant to the person, while having the license in the person's immediate possession, the privilege to operate a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle:
4. While accompanied by and receiving instruction from any person who is at least twenty-one (21) years of age and who is properly licensed pursuant to the laws of this state to operate a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle, and who has visual contact with the restricted licensee.
The restricted licensee may apply on or after thirty (30) days from date of issuance of the restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only restriction to have the restriction of being accompanied by a licensed driver removed by successfully completing the driving portion of an examination.
The written examination and driving examination for a restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only endorsement shall be waived by Service Oklahoma upon verification that the person has successfully completed a certified state-approved motorcycle basic rider course approved by the Department and Service Oklahoma.
I.
2.
a. A farm permit shall entitle the licensee, who is at least fourteen (14) years of age but less than sixteen (16) years of age, to operate the appropriate motor vehicles at any time:
b. For a period of six (6) months, a farm permit shall entitle the licensee who is at least sixteen (16) years of age to operate the appropriate motor vehicles at any time:
(5) while the licensee is operating a passenger car at any time while accompanied by an adult who is the holder of a valid commercial driver license, Class A, B, or C driver license, and who is actually occupying a seat beside the driver.
After such six-month period, if the licensee has complied with the provisions of this subsection, such farm permit shall entitle the licensee to operate the appropriate motor vehicles at any time without the restrictions required by this subsection.
3. A farm permit shall be issued only if:
4. Any licensee issued a farm permit under this subsection:
c. who is at least fourteen (14) years of age, but less than sixteen (16) years of age, shall not operate any motor vehicle on interstate or turnpike highway systems, nor shall a licensee operate a motor vehicle within the limits of a city with a population in excess of one hundred thousand (100,000) persons according to the latest Federal Decennial Census.
Any conviction for violating this paragraph shall be construed as a moving traffic violation. Service Oklahoma may, in its discretion, suspend the permit of an individual for violation of this paragraph.
7.
9. Any licensee issued a farm permit under this subsection who:
J. As used in this section:
K. All driver education courses provided for in paragraph 1 of subsection C of this section shall include education regarding the dangers of texting while driving and the effects of being under the influence of alcohol or other intoxicating substance while driving.
Version 3 (Amended by Laws 2023, HB 2418, c. 55, § 1, eff. November 1, 2023)
A. Unless a legal custodial parent or legal guardian has filed an objection to licensure pursuant to Section 6-103.1 of this title, any person under eighteen (18) years of age who is in compliance with or not subject to Section 6-107.3 of this title may be permitted to operate:
C. Any person:
1. Who is at least fifteen and one-half (15 1/2) years of age and is currently receiving instruction in or has successfully completed driver education. For purposes of this section, the term "driver education" shall mean:
2. Who is at least sixteen (16) years of age,
may, upon successfully passing all parts of the driver license examination administered by Service Oklahoma, or an approved written examination proctor, except the driving examination, be issued a learner permit which will grant the permittee the privilege to operate a Class D motor vehicle upon the public highways only between the hours of 5:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. and while accompanied by a licensed driver who is at least twenty-one (21) years of age and who is actually occupying a seat beside the permittee; provided, the written examination for a learner permit may be waived by Service Oklahoma upon verification that the person has successfully completed driver education.
D.
1. Any person:
c. who has completed a free course approved by the Oklahoma Department of Transportation on teen driver work zone and first responder safety,
may be issued an intermediate Class D license upon successfully passing all parts of the driver license examinations administered by Service Oklahoma; provided, the written examination, if it has not previously been administered or waived, may be waived by Service Oklahoma upon verification that the person has successfully completed driver education or the driving examination may be waived by Service Oklahoma upon successful passage of the examination administered by a certified designated examiner, as provided for in Section 6-110 of this title. However, notwithstanding the date of issuance of the learner permit, if the person has been convicted of a traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time period specified in subparagraph a of this paragraph shall be recalculated to begin from the date of conviction for the traffic offense, and must elapse before that person may be issued an intermediate Class D license. If the person has been convicted of more than one traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time period specified in subparagraph a of this paragraph shall be recalculated to begin from the most recent date of conviction, and must elapse before that person may be issued an intermediate Class D license.
2. A person who has been issued an intermediate Class D license under the provisions of this subsection:
a. shall be granted the privilege to operate a Class D motor vehicle upon the public highways:
b. shall not operate a motor vehicle with more than one passenger unless:
E. Any person who has been issued an intermediate Class D license for a minimum of:
2. Six (6) months, if the person has completed both the driver education and the parent-certified behind-the-wheel training provisions of subparagraph b of paragraph 1 of subsection D of this section,
may be issued a Class D license. However, notwithstanding the date of issuance of the Class D license, if the person has been convicted of a traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time periods specified in paragraph 1 or 2 of this subsection, as applicable, shall be recalculated to begin from the date of conviction for the traffic offense, and must elapse before that person may be issued a Class D license. If the person has been convicted of more than one traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time periods specified in paragraph 1 or 2 of this subsection, as applicable, shall be recalculated to begin from the most recent date of conviction, and must elapse before that person may be issued a Class D license.
H. Any person fourteen (14) years of age or older may apply for a restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only restriction. After the person has successfully passed all parts of the motorcycle examination other than the driving examination, has successfully completed a certified state-approved motorcycle basic rider course approved by the Department of Public Safety, in conjunction with Service Oklahoma, and has met all requirements provided for in the rules of the Department and Service Oklahoma, Service Oklahoma shall issue to the person a restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only restriction which shall grant to the person, while having the license in the person's immediate possession, the privilege to operate a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle:
4. While accompanied by and receiving instruction from any person who is at least twenty-one (21) years of age and who is properly licensed pursuant to the laws of this state to operate a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle, and who has visual contact with the restricted licensee.
The restricted licensee may apply on or after thirty (30) days from date of issuance of the restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only restriction to have the restriction of being accompanied by a licensed driver removed by successfully completing the driving portion of an examination.
The written examination and driving examination for a restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only endorsement shall be waived by Service Oklahoma upon verification that the person has successfully completed a certified state-approved motorcycle basic rider course approved by the Department and Service Oklahoma.
J. As used in this section:
K. All driver education courses provided for in paragraph 1 of subsection C of this section shall include education regarding the dangers of texting while driving and the effects of being under the influence of alcohol or other intoxicating substance while driving.
Version 4 (Amended by Laws 2023, HB 2133, c. 169, § 5, eff. November 1, 2023)
A. Unless a legal custodial parent or legal guardian has filed an objection to licensure pursuant to Section 6-103.1 of this title, any person under eighteen (18) years of age who is in compliance with or not subject to Section 6-107.3 of this title may be permitted to operate:
C. Any person:
1. Who is at least fifteen and one-half (15 1/2) years of age and is currently receiving instruction in or has successfully completed driver education. For purposes of this section, the term "driver education" shall mean:
2. Who is at least sixteen (16) years of age,
may, upon successfully passing all parts of the driver license examination administered by Service Oklahoma, or an approved written examination proctor, except the driving examination, be issued a learner permit which will grant the permittee the privilege to operate a Class D motor vehicle upon the public highways only between the hours of 5:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m. and while accompanied by a licensed driver who is at least twenty-one (21) years of age and who is actually occupying a seat beside the permittee; provided, the written examination for a learner permit may be waived by Service Oklahoma upon verification that the person has successfully completed driver education.
D.
1. Any person:
b. whose custodial legal parent or legal guardian certifies to Service Oklahoma by sworn affidavit that the person has received a minimum of fifty (50) hours of actual behind-the-wheel training, of which at least ten (10) hours of such training was at night, from a licensed driver who was at least twenty-one (21) years of age and who was properly licensed to operate a Class D motor vehicle for a minimum of two (2) years,
may be issued an intermediate Class D license upon successfully passing all parts of the driver license examinations administered by Service Oklahoma; provided, the written examination, if it has not previously been administered or waived, may be waived by Service Oklahoma upon verification that the person has successfully completed driver education or the driving examination may be waived by Service Oklahoma upon successful passage of the examination administered by a certified designated examiner, as provided for in Section 6-110 of this title. However, notwithstanding the date of issuance of the learner permit, if the person has been convicted of a traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time period specified in subparagraph a of this paragraph shall be recalculated to begin from the date of conviction for the traffic offense, and must elapse before that person may be issued an intermediate Class D license. If the person has been convicted of more than one traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time period specified in subparagraph a of this paragraph shall be recalculated to begin from the most recent date of conviction, and must elapse before that person may be issued an intermediate Class D license.
2. A person who has been issued an intermediate Class D license under the provisions of this subsection:
a. shall be granted the privilege to operate a Class D motor vehicle upon the public highways:
b. shall not operate a motor vehicle with more than one passenger unless:
E. Any person who has been issued an intermediate Class D license for a minimum of:
2. Six (6) months, if the person has completed both the driver education and the parent-certified behind-the-wheel training provisions of subparagraph b of paragraph 1 of subsection D of this section,
may be issued a Class D license. However, notwithstanding the date of issuance of the Class D license, if the person has been convicted of a traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time periods specified in paragraph 1 or 2 of this subsection, as applicable, shall be recalculated to begin from the date of conviction for the traffic offense, and must elapse before that person may be issued a Class D license. If the person has been convicted of more than one traffic offense which is reported on the driving record of that person, the time periods specified in paragraph 1 or 2 of this subsection, as applicable, shall be recalculated to begin from the most recent date of conviction, and must elapse before that person may be issued a Class D license.
H. Any person fourteen (14) years of age or older may apply for a restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only restriction. After the person has successfully passed all parts of the motorcycle examination other than the driving examination, has successfully completed a certified state-approved motorcycle basic rider course approved by the Department of Public Safety, in conjunction with Service Oklahoma, and has met all requirements provided for in the rules of the Department and Service Oklahoma, Service Oklahoma shall issue to the person a restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only restriction which shall grant to the person, while having the license in the person's immediate possession, the privilege to operate a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle:
4. While accompanied by and receiving instruction from any person who is at least twenty-one (21) years of age and who is properly licensed pursuant to the laws of this state to operate a motorcycle or motor-driven cycle, and who has visual contact with the restricted licensee.
The restricted licensee may apply on or after thirty (30) days from date of issuance of the restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only restriction to have the restriction of being accompanied by a licensed driver removed by successfully completing the driving portion of an examination.
The written examination and driving examination for a restricted Class D license with a motorcycle-only endorsement shall be waived by Service Oklahoma upon verification that the person has successfully completed a certified state-approved motorcycle basic rider course approved by the Department and Service Oklahoma.
J. As used in this section:
Version 1 (Amended by Laws 2023, SB 623, c. 310, § 14, emerg. eff. July 1, 2023; Amended by Laws 2024, HB 1854, c. 11, § 3, emerg. eff. April 18, 2024)
Laws 1961, HB 556, p. 342, § 6-105, eff. September 1, 1961; Amended by Laws 1963, HB 675, c. 272, § 1, emerg. eff. June 13, 1963; Amended by Laws 1969, SB 1, c. 103, § 1, emerg. eff. April 1, 1969; Amended by Laws 1972, SB 455, c. 61, § 1, emerg. eff. March 27, 1972; Amended by Laws 1980, HB 1248, c. 142, § 1, emerg. eff. April 1, 1980; Amended by Laws 1983, SB 54, c. 286, § 18, emerg. eff. July 1, 1983; Amended by Laws 1985, HB 1543, c. 45, § 3, eff. January 1, 1986; Amended by Laws 1985, HB 1219, c. 179, § 60, emerg. eff. July 1, 1985; Amended by Laws 1985, HB 1393, c. 338, § 3, eff. January 1, 1986; Amended by Laws 1986, SB 474, c. 107, § 1, eff. November 1, 1986; Amended by Laws 1986, SB 426, c. 259, § 55; Amended by Laws 1987, HB 1110, c. 204, § 120, emerg. eff. July 1, 1987; Amended by Laws 1988, SB 372, c. 298, § 47, emerg. eff. July 1, 1988; Amended by Laws 1989, SB 389, c. 207, § 2, eff. November 1, 1989; Amended by Laws 1989, HB 1626, c. 353, § 11, emerg. eff. June 3, 1989; Amended by Laws 1989, HB 1162, c. 82, § 2 (repealed by Laws 1989, HB 1626, c. 353, § 14, emerg. eff. June 3, 1989); Amended by Laws 1990, HB 1989, c. 219, § 13, eff. January 1, 1991; Amended by Laws 1993, SB 118, c. 314, § 1, emerg. eff. June 7, 1993; Amended by Laws 1993, HB 1052, c. 70, § 1 (repealed by Laws 1994, HB 2299, c. 2, § 34, emerg. eff. March 2, 1994); Amended by Laws 1994, HB 2299, c. 2, § 14, emerg. eff. March 2, 1994; Amended by Laws 1996, SB 1115, c. 254, § 4, eff. November 1, 1996; Amended by Laws 1997, HB 1436, c. 2, § 6, emerg. eff. February 26, 1997 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 1999, SB 413, c. 161, § 2, eff. August 15, 2000 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2000, HB 2324, c. 247, § 1, eff. November 1, 2000 (repealed by Laws 2001, HB 1965, c. 5, § 20, emerg. eff. March 21, 2001); Amended by Laws 2000, SB 1406, c. 277, § 4, eff. November 1, 2000 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2001, HB 1965, c. 5, § 19, emerg. eff. March 21, 2001 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2001, SB 747, c. 185, § 1, emerg. eff. July 1, 2001 (effective date for paragraph b of paragraph 2 of subsection A set as November 1, 2001, by Laws 2001, SB 747, c. 185, § 2, emerg. eff. July 1, 2001); Amended by Laws 2001, HB 1308, c. 361, § 4, emerg. eff. July 1, 2001(superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2003, SB 704, c. 392, § 4, emerg. eff. July 1, 2003 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2004, HB 2352, c. 139, § 1, eff. November 1, 2004 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2005, HB 1653, c. 457, § 2, eff. November 1, 2005 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2006, HB 2708, c. 311, § 9, emerg. eff. June 8, 2006 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2007, SB 35, c. 328, § 1, eff. November 1, 2007 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2008, SB 1945, c. 83, § 1, eff. November 1, 2008 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2009, HB 1599, c. 99, § 1, eff. November 1, 2009 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2010, SB 1908, c. 341, § 1, eff. November 1, 2010 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2012, HB 2367, c. 280, § 2, eff. November 1, 2012 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2014, SB 1332, c. 199, § 1, emerg. eff. July 1, 2014 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2015, SB 390, c.102, § 1, eff. November 1, 2015 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2016, HB 2260, c. 180, § 2 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2016, HB 2298, c. 86, § 2, eff. November 1, 2016 (repealed by Laws 2017, SB 833, c. 42, § 15) (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2017, SB 833, c. 42, § 14 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2021, HB 2465, c. 220, § 1, emerg. eff. April 26, 2021 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2022, HB 3419, c. 282, § 42, emerg. eff. May 19, 2022 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2023, SB 623, c. 310, § 14, emerg. eff. July 1, 2023 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2023, HB 1962, c. 229, § 1 (superseded document available); Amended by Laws 2023, HB 2418, c. 55, § 1, eff. November 1, 2023; Amended by Laws 2023, HB 2133, c. 169, § 5, eff. November 1, 2023 (superseded document available); Amendment by Laws 2023, SB 623, c. 310, § 14, emerg. eff. July 1, 2023, amended by Laws 2024, HB 1854, c. 11, § 3, emerg. eff. April 18, 2024 (superseded document available).