N.Y. Vehicle & Traffic Law § 236
** 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with such section eleven hundred eleven-a, sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred eleven-e and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter. Such tribunal, except in a city with a population of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. * NB Effective until September 6, 2024 * 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-a of this chapter or subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with such section eleven hundred eleven-a, sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred eleven-e and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations as defined in and in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter. Such tribunal, except in a city with a population of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. * NB Effective September 6, 2024 until December 1, 2024 * 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivisions (a) of sections eleven hundred eleven-b of this chapter as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter in accordance with such sections eleven hundred eleven-b as added by sections sixteen of chapters twenty, and twenty-two of the laws of two thousand nine or section eleven hundred eleven-d or section eleven hundred eleven-e; and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section and shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter and shall adjudicate liability of owners for violations of subdivisions (c) and (d) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. * NB Effective and Expires December 1, 2024 * 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall adjudicate liability of owners in accordance with section eleven hundred eleven-c of this chapter for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined in such section; and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter; and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. * NB Effective December 1, 2024 until September 20, 2025 * 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-b of this chapter and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. * NB Effective September 20, 2025 until July 1, 2022 * 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and, where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-d of this chapter or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e of this chapter, or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. * NB Effective July 1, 2022 until December 1, 2024 * 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred eleven-e or subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. * NB Effective December 1, 2024 until December 1, 2024 * 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and where authorized by local law adopted pursuant to subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred seventy-four-a of this chapter, shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and shall adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter in accordance with section eleven hundred eighty-d of this chapter. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. * NB Effective December 1, 2024 until December 1, 2024 * 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. * NB Effective December 1, 2024 ** NB Effective until October 6, 2021 ** 1. Creation. In any city as hereinbefore or hereafter authorized such tribunal when created shall be known as the parking violations bureau and shall have jurisdiction of traffic infractions which constitute a parking violation and, where authorized: (a) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (d) of section eleven hundred eleven of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with traffic-control indications through the installation and operation of traffic-control signal photo violation-monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, or (b) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (c), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter, or (c) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of bus lane restrictions as defined by article twenty-four of this chapter imposed pursuant to a bus rapid transit program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such bus lane restrictions through the installation and operation of bus lane photo devices, in accordance with article twenty-four of this chapter, or (d) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of toll collection regulations imposed by certain public authorities pursuant to the law authorizing such public authorities to impose monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with toll collection regulations of such public authorities through the installation and operation of photo-monitoring systems, in accordance with the provisions of section two thousand nine hundred eighty-five of the public authorities law and sections sixteen-a, sixteen-b and sixteen-c of chapter seven hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty, or (e) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of section eleven hundred seventy-four of this chapter when meeting a school bus marked and equipped as provided in subdivisions twenty and twenty-one-c of section three hundred seventy-five of this chapter imposed pursuant to a local law or ordinance imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with school bus red visual signals through the installation and operation of school bus photo violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article twenty-nine of this chapter, or (f) to adjudicate the liability of owners for violations of subdivision (b), (d), (f) or (g) of section eleven hundred eighty of this chapter imposed pursuant to a demonstration program imposing monetary liability on the owner of a vehicle for failure of an operator thereof to comply with such posted maximum speed limits within a highway construction or maintenance work area through the installation and operation of photo speed violation monitoring systems, in accordance with article thirty of this chapter. Such tribunal, except in a city with a population of one million or more, shall also have jurisdiction of abandoned vehicle violations. For the purposes of this article, a parking violation is the violation of any law, rule or regulation providing for or regulating the parking, stopping or standing of a vehicle. In addition for purposes of this article, "commissioner" shall mean and include the commissioner of traffic of the city or an official possessing authority as such a commissioner. ** NB Effective October 6, 2021
5. Release of an illegally parked vehicle. a. A parking violations bureau of a city with a population of one million or more persons may impose vehicle release penalties in accordance with the provisions of paragraph b of this subdivision, provided that the commissioner of transportation of such city has established a procedure for the towing and impoundment of illegally parked vehicles which permits the release, at the site of the underlying parking violation, of an illegally parked vehicle which has been hooked to a tow truck in preparation for towing from such site if: