N.Y. Public Officers Law § 30 – Creation of vacancies

1. Every office shall be vacant upon the happening of one of the following events before the expiration of the term thereof: a. The death of the incumbent; b. His resignation; c. His removal from office; d. His ceasing to be an inhabitant of the state, or if he be a local officer, of the political subdivision, or municipal corporation of which he is required to be a resident when chosen; e. His or her conviction of a felony, conviction of a crime involving a violation of his or her oath of office, or upon entering a guilty plea in federal court to a felony, or upon entering a guilty plea in federal court to a crime involving a violation of his or her oath of office, provided, however, that a non-elected official may apply for reinstatement to the appointing authority upon reversal or the vacating of such conviction where the conviction is the sole basis for the vacancy. After receipt of such application, the appointing authority shall afford such applicant a hearing to determine whether reinstatement is warranted. The record of the hearing shall include the final judgment of the court which reversed or vacated such conviction and may also include the entire employment history of the applicant and any other submissions which may form the basis of the grant or denial of reinstatement notwithstanding the reversal or vacating of such conviction. Notwithstanding any law to the contrary, after review of such record, the appointing authority may, in its discretion, reappoint such non-elected official to his or her former office, or a similar office if his or her former office is no longer available. In the event of such reinstatement, the appointing authority may, in its discretion, award salary or compensation in full or in part for the period from the date such office became vacant to the date of reinstatement or any part thereof; f. The entry of a judgment or order of a court of competent jurisdiction declaring him to be incompetent; g. The judgment of a court, declaring void his election or appointment, or that his office is forfeited or vacant; h. His refusal or neglect to file his official oath or undertaking, if one is required, before or within thirty days after the commencement of the term of office for which he is chosen, if an elective office, or if an appointive office, within thirty days after notice of his appointment, or within thirty days after the commencement of such term; or to file a renewal undertaking within the time required by law, or if no time be so specified, within thirty days after notice to him in pursuance of law, that such renewal undertaking is required. The neglect or failure of any state or local officer to execute and file his oath of office and official undertaking within the time limited therefor by law, shall not create a vacancy in the office if such officer was on active duty in the armed forces of the United States and absent from the county of his residence at the time of his election or appointment, and shall take his oath of office and execute his official undertaking within thirty days after receipt of notice of his election or appointment, and provided such oath of office and official undertaking be filed within ninety days following the date it has been taken and subscribed, any inconsistent provision of law, general, special, or local to the contrary, notwithstanding.
2. When a new or an additional office shall be created, such office shall for the purposes of an appointment or election, be vacant from the date of its creation, until it shall be filled by election or appointment.
3. When any member of a board, commission, committee or authority, holding office by appointment of the governor, fails to attend three consecutive regular meetings of such board, commission, committee or authority, unless such absence is for good cause and is excused by the chairman or other presiding officer thereof, or, in the case of such chairman or other presiding officer, by the governor, the office may be deemed vacant for purposes of the nomination and appointment of a successor.
4. Neither the provisions of this section, nor of any general, special or local law, charter, code, ordinance, resolution, rule or regulation, creating a vacancy in a local office of a political subdivision or municipal corporation if the incumbent thereof ceases to be a resident of such political subdivision or municipal corporation, shall apply in the case of a person who is a member of the police force of any political subdivision or municipal corporation of the state and who while a member of such force resides (a) in the county in which such political subdivision or municipal corporation is located; or (b) in a county within the state contiguous to the county in which such political subdivision or municipal corporation is located; or (c) in a county within the state contiguous to such political subdivision or municipal corporation; or (d) in a county within the state contiguous to a county described in item (c) hereof where the former is less than fifteen miles from such political subdivision or municipal corporation, measured from their respective nearest boundary lines; or (e) in a county within the state contiguous to a county described in item (d) hereof where the former is less than thirty miles from such political subdivision or municipal corporation, measured from their respective nearest boundary lines:
1. (1) If such person was appointed as a member of such police force prior to July first, nineteen hundred sixty-one, shall reside in any such county on such date and shall continue to reside in any such county after such date, or
2. (2) If the police force of which he is a member consists of two hundred or more full-time members or shall have consisted of two hundred or more full-time members when, as a member of such police force, he shall have resided in such county and shall continue to reside in any such county thereafter, or
3. (3) If the police force of which he is a member consists of less than two hundred full-time members; provided, however, that the local legislative body of such political subdivision or municipal corporation having such police force shall have power to adopt and amend local laws, ordinances or resolutions of general application requiring members of such police force, other than those members covered by paragraph one or paragraph two of this subdivision, to reside in such political subdivision or municipal corporation, or permitting them to reside in specified areas of such counties or within specified distances from the political subdivision or municipal corporation provided such local legislative body shall determine that a police officer may respond therefrom promptly and be available to render active service in such political subdivision or municipal corporation.
4. 4-a. Neither the provisions of this section, nor of any general, special or local law, charter, code, ordinance, resolution, rule or regulation, creating a vacancy in a local office of a political subdivision or municipal corporation if the incumbent thereof ceases to be a resident of such political subdivision or municipal corporation, shall apply in the case of a member of the department of sanitation of any municipality who resides in a county within the state contiguous to such municipality.
5. 4-b. Except as otherwise provided in subdivision five of this section, neither the provisions of this section, nor of any general, special or local law, charter, code, ordinance, resolution, rule or regulation, creating a vacancy in a local office of a political subdivision or municipal corporation of the state if the incumbent thereof ceases to be a resident of such political subdivision or municipal corporation shall apply to the appointment or continuance in office or position of an officer or member of a paid fire department in any political subdivision or municipal corporation of the state, if such person resides in the county, or one of the counties, in which such political subdivision or municipal corporation is located.
6. 5. Neither the provisions of this section, nor of any general, special or local law, charter, code, ordinance, resolution, rule or regulation, creating a vacancy in a local office of a political subdivision or municipal corporation if the incumbent thereof ceases to be a resident of such political subdivision or municipal corporation, shall apply in the case of a paid member of the uniformed force of a paid fire department, who, for purposes of this section shall include persons employed as fire alarm dispatchers, or in the case of a person employed in a department of correction in the correction service of the classified civil service, or in the case of a member of the department of sanitation of any political subdivision or municipal corporation who has five or more years of service, or in the case of officers and inspectors employed in a department of health of a city of over one million population, or in the case of a member of the department of sanitation in a city with a population of one million or more who has two or more years of service to such city who resides (a) in the county in which said city is located; or (b) in a county within the state contiguous to the county in which said city is located; or (c) in a county within the state contiguous to such city; or (d) in a county within the state which is not more than fifteen miles from said city; or (e) in a county within the state contiguous to a county described in item (d) hereof where the former is less than thirty miles from such political subdivision or municipal corporation, measured from their respective nearest boundary lines.
5-a. Any person who resides in this state and who is currently employed as a member of the police force, a paid member of the uniformed force of a paid fire department, or department of corrections in the correctional service classification of the classified civil service, of a city of over one million population, shall be exempt from the provisions of paragraph (d) of subdivision one and subdivisions four and five of this section upon compliance with the procedure set forth in this subdivision. Any person seeking to benefit from the exemption created by this subdivision shall notify his respective employer in writing of said intention within thirty days from the effective date of this subdivision and shall specify his then current residence address. The exemption created by this subdivision shall be applicable only to said actual designated residence and not to any residence that any subject currently employed member may thereafter establish; provided, however, that any such currently employed member who resides outside this state shall have one year from the effective date of this subdivision within which to establish residence as required pursuant to paragraph (d) of subdivision one, and subdivisions four and five of this section and comply with the notice requirements of this subdivision. Said residence shall constitute a lawful residence for all purposes notwithstanding any provision to the contrary of any general, special or local law, charter, code, ordinance, resolution, rule or regulation.
6. Neither the provisions of this section, nor of any general, special or local law, charter, code, ordinance, resolution, rule or regulation, creating a vacancy in a local office of a political subdivision or municipal corporation if the incumbent thereof ceases to be a resident of such political subdivision or municipal corporation, shall apply in the case of appointed public officers in the city of Troy, except the city manager of such city, who reside in the county of Rensselaer.
7. Neither the provisions of this section, nor of any general, special or local law, charter, code, ordinance, resolution, rule or regulation, creating a vacancy in a local office of a political subdivision or municipal corporation of the state if the incumbent thereof ceases to be a resident of such political subdivision or municipal corporation, shall apply in the case of the city court judge in the city of Hudson, provided that such person resides in the county in which such city is located.
8. Neither the provisions of this section, nor of any general, special or local law, charter, code, ordinance, resolution, rule or regulation, creating a vacancy in a local office of a political subdivision or municipal corporation of the state if the incumbent thereof ceases to be a resident of such political subdivision or municipal corporation, shall apply in the case of a person holding the office of deputy sheriff in the county of Nassau, provided that such person resides in Nassau county or any adjoining county within New York state.