1. (a) Student Direct Subsidized or Direct Unsubsidized borrower.

   1. (1) A student is eligible to receive a Direct Subsidized Loan, a Direct Unsubsidized Loan, or a combination of these loans, if the student meets the following requirements:

      1. (i) The student is enrolled, or accepted for enrollment, on at least a half-time basis in a school that participates in the Direct Loan Program.
      2. (ii) The student meets the requirements for an eligible student under 34 CFR part 668.
      3. (iii) In the case of an undergraduate student who seeks a Direct Subsidized Loan or a Direct Unsubsidized Loan at a school that participates in the Federal Pell Grant Program, the student has received a determination of Federal Pell Grant eligibility for the period of enrollment for which the loan is sought.

      4. (iv) In the case of a borrower whose previous loan or TEACH Grant service obligation was discharged due to total and permanent disability, the student—

         1. (A) In the case of a borrower whose prior loan under title IV of the Act or TEACH Grant service obligation was discharged after a final determination of total and permanent disability, the borrower—

            (1) Obtains a certification from a physician that the borrower is able to engage in substantial gainful activity; and

            (2) Signs a statement acknowledging that neither the new Direct Loan the borrower receives nor any previously discharged loan on which the borrower is required to resume payment in accordance with paragraph (a)(1)(iv)(B) of this section can be discharged in the future on the basis of any impairment present when the new loan is made, unless that impairment substantially deteriorates;

         2. (B) In the case of a borrower who receives a new Direct Loan, other than a Direct Consolidation Loan, within three years of the date that any previous title IV loan or TEACH Grant service obligation was discharged due to a total and permanent disability in accordance with § 685.213(b)(4)(iii), 34 CFR 674.61(b)(3)(v), 34 CFR 682.402(c)(3)(iv), or 34 CFR 686.42(b) based on a discharge request received on or after July 1, 2010, the borrower resumes repayment on the previously discharged loan in accordance with § 685.213(b)(7), 34 CFR 674.61(b)(6), or 34 CFR 682.402(c)(6), or acknowledges that he or she is once again subject to the terms of the TEACH Grant agreement to serve before receiving the new loan; and

         3. (C) In the case of a borrower whose prior loan under title IV of the Act was conditionally discharged after an initial determination that the borrower was totally and permanently disabled based on a discharge request received prior to July 1, 2010—

            (1) The suspension of collection activity on the prior loan has been lifted;

            (2) The borrower complies with the requirement in paragraph (a)(1)(iv)(A)(1) of this section;

            (3) The borrower signs a statement acknowledging that neither the new Direct Loan the borrower receives nor the loan that has been conditionally discharged prior to a final determination of total and permanent disability can be discharged in the future on the basis of any impairment present when the borrower applied for a total and permanent disability discharge or when the new loan is made, unless that impairment substantially deteriorates; and

            (4) The borrower signs a statement acknowledging that the suspension of collection activity on the prior loan will be lifted.

      5. (v) In the case of a student who was enrolled in a program of study prior to July 1, 2012 and who seeks a loan but does not have a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, the student meets the requirements under 34 CFR 668.32(e)(2), (3), (4), or (5).

   2. (2)

      1. (i) A Direct Subsidized Loan borrower must demonstrate financial need in accordance with title IV, part F of the Act.
      2. (ii) [Reserved]

2. (b) Student PLUS borrower.

   1. (1) A graduate student or professional student is eligible to receive a Direct PLUS Loan if the student meets the following requirements:

      1. (i) The student is enrolled, or accepted for enrollment, on at least a half-time basis in a school that participates in the Direct Loan Program.
      2. (ii) The student meets the requirements for an eligible student under 34 CFR part 668.
      3. (iii) The student meets the requirements of paragraphs (a)(1)(iv) and (a)(1)(v) of this section, if applicable.
      4. (iv) The student has received a determination of his or her annual loan maximum eligibility under the Direct Unsubsidized Loan Program and, for periods of enrollment beginning before July 1, 2012, the Direct Subsidized Loan Program; and
      5. (v) The student meets the requirements that apply to a parent under paragraphs (c)(2)(viii)(A) through (G) of this section.

   2. (2)

      1. (i) Beginning on July 1, 2026, a graduate student or professional student may not borrow a Direct PLUS Loan.

      2. (ii) The limitation for making new Federal Direct PLUS Loan awards described in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section shall not be applicable to student borrowers during the period of the student's expected time to credential, if—

         1. (A) the student is enrolled in a program of study at an institution as of June 30, 2026; and
         2. (B) a Direct Loan was made for such program of study prior to July 1, 2026.
   3. (3) If the student withdraws in accordance with § 668.22 or otherwise ceases to be enrolled in the program of study at any point after receiving the exception under paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section, the limitations under paragraph (b)(2)(i) shall apply.

3. (c) Parent PLUS borrower—(1) Definitions. The following definitions apply to this paragraph (c):

   1. (i) Charged off means a debt that a creditor has written off as a loss, but that is still subject to collection action.
   2. (ii) In collection means a debt that has been placed with a collection agency by a creditor or that is subject to more intensive efforts by a creditor to recover amounts owed from a borrower who has not responded satisfactorily to the demands routinely made as part of the creditor's billing procedures.

   3. (2) Eligibility. A parent is eligible to receive a Direct PLUS Loan if the parent meets the following requirements:

      1. (i) The parent is borrowing to pay for the educational costs of a dependent undergraduate student who meets the requirements for an eligible student under 34 CFR part 668.
      2. (ii) The parent provides his or her and the student's social security number.
      3. (iii) The parent meets the requirements pertaining to citizenship and residency that apply to the student under 34 CFR 668.33.
      4. (iv) The parent meets the requirements concerning defaults and overpayments that apply to the student in 34 CFR 668.32(g).
      5. (v) The parent complies with the requirements for submission of a Statement of Educational Purpose that apply to the student under 34 CFR part 668, except for the completion of a Statement of Selective Service Registration Status.
      6. (vi) The parent meets the requirements that apply to a student under paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of this section.
      7. (vii) The parent has completed repayment of any title IV, HEA program assistance obtained by fraud, if the parent has been convicted of, or has pled nolo contendere or guilty to, a crime involving fraud in obtaining title IV, HEA program assistance.

      8. (viii)

         1. (A) The parent—

            (1) Does not have an adverse credit history;

            (2) Has an adverse credit history, but has obtained an endorser who does not have an adverse credit history, and completes PLUS loan counseling offered by the Secretary; or

            (3) Has an adverse credit history but documents to the satisfaction of the Secretary that extenuating circumstances exist and completes PLUS loan counseling offered by the Secretary.

         2. (B) For purposes of this paragraph (c), an adverse credit history means that the parent—

            (1) Has one or more debts with a total combined outstanding balance greater than $2,085, as may be adjusted by the Secretary in accordance with paragraphs (c)(2)(viii)(C) and (D) of this section, that are 90 or more days delinquent as of the date of the credit report, or that have been placed in collection or charged off, as defined in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, during the two years preceding the date of the credit report; or

            (2) Has been the subject of a default determination, bankruptcy discharge, foreclosure, repossession, tax lien, wage garnishment, or write-off of a debt under title IV of the Act during the five years preceding the date of the credit report.

         3. (C) The Secretary increases the amount specified in paragraph (c)(2)(viii)(B)(1) of this section, or its inflation-adjusted equivalent, when the Secretary determines that an inflation adjustment to that amount would result in an increase of $100 or more.

         4. (D) In making the inflation adjustment described in paragraph (c)(2)(viii)(C) of this section, the Secretary:

            (1) Uses the annual average percent change of the All Items Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), before seasonal adjustment, as the measurement of inflation; and

            (2) If the adjustment calculated under paragraph (c)(2)(viii)(D)(1) of this section is equal to or greater than $100, adding the adjustment to $2,085 threshold amount, or its inflation-adjusted equivalent, and rounding up to the nearest $5.

         5. (E) The Secretary will publish a notice in the Federal Register announcing any increase to the amount specified in paragraph (c)(2)(viii)(B)(1) of this section.
         6. (F) For purposes of this paragraph (c), the Secretary does not consider the absence of a credit history as an adverse credit history and does not deny a Direct PLUS loan on that basis.

         7. (G) For purposes of this paragraph (c), the Secretary may determine that extenuating circumstances exist based on documentation that may include, but is not limited to—

            (1) An updated credit report for the parent; or

            (2) A statement from the creditor that the parent has repaid or made satisfactory arrangements to repay a debt that was considered in determining that the parent has an adverse credit history.

            (3) For purposes of paragraph (c)(2) of this section, a “parent” includes the individuals described in the definition of “parent” in 34 CFR 668.2 and the spouse of a parent who remarried, if that spouse's income and assets would have been taken into account when calculating a dependent student's expected family contribution.

4. (d) Defaulted Perkins, FFEL, and Direct Loan program borrowers. Except as noted in § 685.220(d)(1)(ii)(A)(3), in the case of a student or parent borrower who is currently in default on a Perkins, FFEL, or Direct Loan program loan, the borrower must make satisfactory repayment arrangements, as described in paragraph (1) of the definition of that term under § 685.102(b), on the defaulted loan.

5. (e) Use of loan proceeds to replace expected family contribution. The amount of a Direct Unsubsidized Loan, a Direct PLUS loan, or a non-federal non-need based loan, including a private, state-sponsored, or institution loan, obtained for a loan period may be used to replace the expected family contribution for that loan period.

   Editorial Note:For Federal Register citations affecting § 685.200, see the List of CFR Sections Affected, which appears in the Finding Aids section of the printed volume and at www.govinfo.gov.

[59 FR 61690, Dec. 1, 1994]