In 2008, Charles Armour was sentenced to fifty-one months in prison and a three-year term of supervised release after he pled guilty to possession of a firearm by a felon. After he was released from prison in 2012, Armour violated the conditions of his supervised release in several incidents, including a conviction of aggravated battery for beating his eight-year-old son. Accordingly, his probation officer submitted to the district court a petition to revoke Armour’s supervised release and a violation memorandum detailing Armour’s most recent infractions. The district court then sentenced Armour to twenty-four months in prison followed by a one-year term of supervised release. Armour now appeals, challenging his new sentence and the conditions of his supervised release. We affirm.
I. Background
When Armour pled guilty to possession of a firearm by a felon in 2008, he had a criminal history category VI, six felony convictions, a total adjusted offense level of seventeen, and an advisory guidelines range of fifty-one to sixty-three months in prison. The district court sentenced Armour to fifty-one months of imprisonment followed by three years of supervised re *863 lease. The conditions of Armour’s supervised release prohibited him from, among other things, committing another crime, leaving the district court’s jurisdiction without permission from his probation officer, and unlawfully using a controlled substance.
Armour began his term of supervised release on October 23, 2012, and he began violating the conditions of his release shortly thereafter. On January 31, 2013, Armour was arrested for failure to comply with a lawful request in Missouri after he ran from police officers who caught him trespassing in a resident’s yard at 3:27 AM, and he pled guilty to this offense on April 4, 2013. Armour did not obtain authorization before traveling to Missouri, and therefore, had left the jurisdiction without authorization. Between June and September 2013, Armour submitted four urine samples that tested positive for marijuana. In April 2014, Armour beat his eight-year-old son with a belt and belt buckle, resulting in a conviction of two counts of aggravated battery and a sentence of seven years in prison.
In May 2014, U.S. Probation Officer Thomas Brown submitted to the district court a petition to revoke Armour’s supervised release, pointing to Armour’s beating of his son as the basis for revocation. The district court granted the petition and issued an arrest warrant for Armour. On August 20, 2014, Armour made an initial appearance before a magistrate judge, who released Armour on bond pending a revocation hearing. As a condition of his release on bond, Armour was ordered to reside with a third-party custodian and prohibited from having contact with any minor children. On October 29, 2014, Armour’s probation officer petitioned to have Armour’s bond revoked, alleging that he violated the conditions of his bond by having contact with his minor children. On November 3, 2014, the magistrate judge held a hearing and allowed Armour to modify the conditions of his release to permit him to stay with his sister-in-law, instead of with his previous third-party custodian. However, when U.S. Probation Officer Sarah Dykstra visited Armour at his sister-in-law’s home on February 11, 2015, Armour said that his sister-in-law had moved to Iowa and was no longer living with Armour.
On February 23, 2015, Officer Brown filed a violation memorandum with the district court. In addition to the “Violation Conduct” section, which detailed the aggravated battery conviction that was the basis of the revocation petition, the violation memorandum contained a “Supervision History” section, which stated that Armour had been arrested in Missouri, had left the district court’s jurisdiction without permission, and had submitted four urine specimens that tested positive for marijuana. The violation memorandum also stated that Armour had failed to reside with a third-party custodian, thus violating a condition of his release on bond, and it recommended several supervised release conditions. Officer Brown attached to the violation memorandum the original presentence investigation report (“PSR”), which was prepared by U.S. Probation Officer Michelle Cyrus prior to Armour’s 2008 sentencing for possession of a firearm by a felon.
On February 26, 2015, Armour filed a Commentary on Revocation conceding that he had violated a condition of supervised release and waiving his right to contest the allegations in the revocation petition. In this filing, Armour refers to the violation memorandum twice but does not object to the filing of or the facts contained in the violation memorandum. The Commentary on Revocation objects to the imposition of any further term of supervised release and *864 “to any and all discretionary conditions,” and it makes specific objections to several of the proposed conditions of supervised release.
At his revocation hearing on March 9, 2015, Armour reaffirmed his decision to waive a hearing on the revocation petition. The district court asked Armour if he “reviewed [the violation memorandum] and had a chance to talk to [his] attorney about it,” and Armour responded, “[y]es, Your Honor.” The district court asked about Armour's objections to the violation memorandum, and Armour’s counsel responded that all of his objections “go to the conditions of supervised release.” The government said it had no objection to the violation memorandum, and the district court adopted the factual findings of the violation memorandum as its own.
At this hearing, Armour requested a twelve-month sentence with no supervised release, but the district court agreed with the government’s recommendation and sentenced Armour to twenty-four months in prison and a one-year term of supervised release. After the district court orally pronounced the conditions of Armour’s supervised release, Armour objected to all of them. Armour now appeals, challenging his sentence and the following conditions of his supervised release:
• You shall not knowingly be present at places where controlled substances are illegally sold, used, distributed, or administered.
• You shall report to the probation officer in a manner and frequency as directed by the Court or Probation.
• You shall not possess a firearm, ammunition, destructive device or any other dangerous weapon.
• You shall notify Probation at least ten days prior to or as soon as you know about any changes in residence and any time you leave a job or accept a job.
• You shall not meet, communicate, or otherwise interact with any person whom you know to be a convicted felon, or to be engaged in or planning to engage in criminal activity unless you’re granted permission to do so by the probation officer.
• You shall permit a probation officer to visit you at home or any other reasonable location between the hours of 6:00 AM and 11:00 PM, unless investigating a violation or in case of emergency.
• You shall notify Probation within 72 hours of being arrested or questioned by law enforcement.
• You shall not purchase, possess, use, distribute, or administer any controlled substance or psychoactive substance. You shall, at the direction of Probation, participate in a program for substance abuse treatment and abide by the rules of the treatment provider. You shall be subject to this condition until such time as Probation determines that drug abuse treatment and testing will no longer assist you to avoid committing further crimes.
II. Discussion
A. The Violation Memorandum
On appeal, Armour challenges the filing of the violation memorandum by Officer Brown and the district court’s adoption of the facts contained within it. Armour focuses his argument on certain facts in the violation memorandum, including that he was arrested in Missouri, left the jurisdiction without authorization, tested positive for marijuana, and did not reside with a third-party custodian when he was released on bond. Armour argues that because these facts were not asserted in the revocation petition as bases to revoke supervised release and because the district *865 court did not determine the reliability of the information in the violation memorandum, the district court erred in relying on these facts at sentencing.
However, Armour never raised these arguments before the district court even though he had the opportunity to do so, and thus they are waived. “Waiver occurs when a criminal defendant intentionally relinquishes a known right.”
United States v.
Brodie,
We recognize that “a lawyer’s statement at sentencing that the defendant does not object to anything in the presen-tence report does not inevitably constitute a waiver....”
United States v. Jaimes-Jaimes,
The facts of this case resemble those in
Brodie,
which held that the defendant, Brodie, waived his right to object to his sentence because Brodie had access to the presentence report and knew of his right to object.
Here, Armour stated at the revocation hearing that he reviewed the violation memorandum and had a chance to talk to his attorney about it. His counsel stated that all of Armour’s objections to the violation memorandum were about the conditions of supervised release. The only other objection Armour made to the violation memorandum was to the cover page stating that he was arrested on August 19, 2014, when he was actually arrested on June 22, 2014. Thus, we are persuaded that Armour’s decision not to challenge the readily-proven facts in the violation memorandum was intentional and supported by a tactical rationale, as these weak arguments could have distracted the court from Armour’s stronger arguments objecting to the conditions of his supervised release. Therefore, Armour waived this challenge. 1
*866 B. Sentencing Factors
We next turn to Armour’s challenge to the factors the district court considered at his revocation hearing. The Seventh Circuit has not conclusively determined a specific standard for appellate review of the factors the district court considered when resentencing a defendant at a revocation hearing.
See United States v. Raney,
Armour argues that the district court abused its discretion by relying primarily on a factor from the sentencing statute, 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(2)(A) — “the need for the sentence imposed ... to reflect the seriousness of the offense, to promote respect for the law, and to provide just punishment for the offense” — that is not listed in the statute governing post-revocation sentencing, 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e). In
Clay,
we concluded that considering § 3553(a)(2)(A) in revoking supervised release is not procedural error, thereby joining the majority of circuits that have addressed the question.
Although the district court referred to § 3553(a)(2)(A), the court relied primarily on factors listed in § 3553(a)(1), namely, “the nature and circumstances of the offense and the history and characteristics” of Armour. First, the court discussed how Armour has “had a lot of trouble obeying the law over the years” and noted that his latest violation — the beating of his eight-year-old son — was “exceptionally troubling.” The court also discussed Armour’s other violations of supervised release. Second, the court considered § 3553(a)(2)(C) — “the need for the sentence imposed ... to protect the public from further crimes of the defendant”— when it stated:
*867 So you have numerous prior incarcerations and crimes. You show little improvement in your way of life. I only hope that this additional term of imprisonment will provide you with time to rethink your ways, help you with your drug addiction, and keep you from coming out and getting in further trouble with the law.
Although the district court also considered § 3553(a)(2)(A), stating, “I believe this sentence adequately reflects the seriousness of the offense, promotes respect for the law, provides just punishment, and hopefully affords adequate deterrence,” a review of this comment within the context of the full revocation transcript shows that this was a concluding remark and not the court’s primary consideration. Additionally, as we noted in
Clay,
“there is significant overlap between [the factors listed in § 3583(e) ] and § 3553(a)(2)(A): the nature of a violation includes its seriousness, and promoting respect for the law is a means of -deterring future violations.”
C. Length and Conditions of Supervised Release
Finally, we turn to Armour’s challenges to his one-year term of supervised release and to various conditions associated with it. We review the imposition of a condition of supervised release for an abuse of discretion if it is a contested condition
(ie.,
defendant objected below), while we review uncontested conditions for plain error.
United States v. Kappes,
In United States v. Ross, this Court stated:
Under 18 U.S.C. § 3583(d), a sentencing court has discretion to impose appropriate conditions of supervised release, to the extent that such conditions (1) are reasonably related to factors identified in § 3553(a), including the nature and circumstances of the offense and the history and characteristics of the defendant; (2) involve no greater deprivation of liberty than is reasonably necessary for the purposes set forth in § 3553(a); and (3) are consistent with the policy statements issued by the Sentencing Commission. Policies emphasized by the Sentencing Commission include deterrence, rehabilitation, and protecting the public.
1. One-Year Term, of Supervised Release
Armour argues that his term of supervised release is improper because the district court gave no justification for the length of the supervised release. This Court reviews de novo whether a judge adequately explained a chosen sentence.
United States v. Baker,
2. Prohibition on Knowingly Being Present at a Place Where Drugs are Illegally Sold
Next, Armour argues that the condition that he “shall not knowingly be present at places where controlled substances are illegally sold, used, distributed, or administered” is vague and overbroad. He contends that the word “places” is expansive and problematic because marijuana use is legal in Illinois but illegal under federal law, creating “a conundrum.” We find this unpersuasive. “A condition of supervised release is unconstitutionally vague if it would not afford a person of reasonable intelligence with sufficient notice as to the conduct prohibited.”
United States v. Schave,
3. Reporting to the Probation Officer as Directed
During his supervised release, Armour is also required to “report to the probation officer in a manner and frequency as directed by the Court or Probation.” Armour argues that this poses a risk of inconsistent law enforcement since Armour could be required to do as little as call the probation officer semi-annually, or he could be subject to more rigorous requirements, such as appearing in person twice a day. We agree with the government’s argument that Armour’s speculative concern is not supported by any evidence. Additionally, this condition is justified by 18 U.S.C. § 3603(2)’s requirement that a probation officer remain informed of the conduct and condition of a person under supervision. This reporting condition will facilitate the probation officer’s compliance with this statutory requirement. Further, the condition is consistent with the policy goal of rehabilitation, as it should allow the probation officer to help Armour “bring about improvements in his conduct and condition.” § 3603(3). Therefore, the imposition' of this condition was not an abuse of discretion.
A The “Dangerous Weapon” Prohibition
The district court prohibited Armour from possessing a “firearm, ammunition, destructive device or any other dangerous weapon.” Armour challenges this
*869
ban as unconstitutionally vague and over-broad. Since a person of reasonable intelligence would have sufficient notice as to the conduct prohibited — not possessing dangerous weapons — this condition is not unconstitutionally vague.
See Schave,
5. Reporting Changes in Residence or Employment
The district court required Armour to “notify Probation at least ten days prior to or as soon as you know about any changes in residence and any time you leave a job or accept a job.” Armour argues that the reporting requirement for any change in residence is vague and unnecessary, citing
Kappes.
However, Armour takes the
Kappes
holding out of context. In
Kappes,
this Court found that the condition that defendant notify his probation officer of any “change in ... employment” was overly vague because it failed to indicate “whether change in employment just means changing employers or also includes changing from one position to another for the same employer at the same workplace.”
Armour also argues that given that he is unemployed, there should be no condition pertaining to his employment, relying on our decision in
United States v. Thompson.
In
Thompson,
we held that it was inappropriate to impose a condition that the childless, single “defendant shall support his or her dependents” because the condition “assumes arbitrarily and maybe inaccurately that should [defendant] ever acquire dependents he will have ... the resources necessary to support [them].”
6. Prohibition Against Knowingly' Interacting with Felons
The district court prohibited Armour from “meeting], communicating], or otherwise interacting] with any person whom [he] know[s] to be a convicted felon ... or to be engaged in or planning to engage in criminal activity unless [he is] granted permission to do so by the probation officer.” Armour argues that banning interactions with a convicted felon serves no valid purpose, but we disagree. The district court stated that the purpose of this condition is to limit Armour’s exposure to triggers of negative behavior. Further, this condition includes a knowledge requirement, which distinguishes it from the conditions found to be fatally vague in
Kappes,
7. Home Visits Between 6:00 AM and 11:00 PM
Next, we turn to the condition that Armour “permit a probation officer to visit [him] at home or any other reasonable location between the hours of 6:00 AM and 11:00 PM, unless investigating a violation or in case of emergency.” Armour argues that unlike probationers and parolees, his Fourth Amendment rights are fully in place during supervised release. He claims that allowing a probation officer to search his property without a valid warrant is an infringement on his Fourth Amendment rights. Armour is incorrect. This Court has stated:
Although it is true that persons on supervised release, like prisoners, do not relinquish all constitutional rights, those rights are not unfettered. A court may impose conditions of supervised release which implicate fundamental rights so long as those conditions are reasonably related to the ends of rehabilitation and protection of the public from recidivism.
United States v. Sines,
Armour further argues that that the term “other reasonable location” is vague and may subject Armour to searches at a church, hospital, or funeral home. However, under most circumstances, those visits would be unreasonable and thus barred by the condition itself. Therefore, imposing this condition was not an abuse of discretion.
8. Notifications of Arrests or Law Enforcement Questioning
The district court also required Armour to “notify Probation within 72
*871
hours of being arrested or questioned by law enforcement.” Armour argues that this condition violates his Fifth Amendment rights. We disagree. In
Kappes,
the defendant made this same argument in contesting an identical condition of supervised release.
9. Prohibition on Controlled or Psychoactive Substances
Finally, Armour’s supervised release includes the condition that he “shall not purchase, possess, use, distribute, or administer any controlled substance or psychoactive substance.” Armour is also required to, “at the direction of Probation, participate in a program for substance abuse treatment [and] abide by the rules of the treatment provider.” Armour points out that the district court gave a lengthy oral explanation of the term “psychoactive” at the revocation hearing but that the explanation was not included in the written judgment. According to Armour, this is problematic because if a dispute were to arise about the condition, the parties are more likely to have access to the judgment than the sentencing transcript. However, sentencing judges are simply required to “orally pronounce all conditions, with the written judgment only clarifying the oral pronouncement in a manner that is not inconsistent with an unambiguous oral provision.”
Kappes, 782
F.3d at 839;
see also
Fed.R.Crim.P. 35(c) (“As used in this rule, ‘sentencing’ means the oral announcement of the sentence.”);
United States v. Bryant,
Armour also argues that he should have been given a copy of the treatment provider’s rules prior to his resen-tencing so that he would have had adequate notice and an opportunity to object to them. We disagree. It would be more problematic to require a judge to provide these rules prior to sentencing, as it would be impractical to attempt to anticipate developments in how substance abuse is treated and to predict the type and success of the treatment the defendant receives while in prison.
See Thompson,
Armour also finds it problematic that the probation office can determine how long he will be subject to drug treatment and testing, arguing that this violates the non-delegation principle. Armour cites
United States v. Voelker,
which is distinguishable. In
Voelker,
the court provided “no guidance whatsoever” for the probation office’s exercise of discretion.
III. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM.
Notes
. Even assuming, arguendo, that Armour merely forfeited this challenge, his argument fails under plain error review. First, Armour argues that Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 32 allows presentence reports but that no legal authority permits violation memoran-da. We disagree. PSRs are created by probation officers to inform the court about a defendant's criminal history and factors relevant to sentencing.
See
Fed.R.Crim.P. 32(d). The violation memorandum here serves the same purpose. It includes the original PSR from Armour’s 2008 conviction and provides updated information about his recent violations of his release conditions. Additionally, 18 U.S.C. § 3603(2) requires a probation officer to keep a sentencing court informed as to the conduct of a person on supervised release, thus providing a legal basis for the filing of a . violation memorandum. Finally, our case law acknowledges the use of violation memo-randa.
See, e.g., United States v. Smith,
Next, Armour challenges the reliability of the violation memorandum, arguing that Offi
*866
cer Brown, the author of the document, had no first-hand knowledge of the conduct alleged in the memorandum. However, the facts alleged in the violation memorandum are reliable for other reasons: Armour’s offense in Missouri was supported by his guilty plea; the fact that he left the jurisdiction without permission was proven by his arrest in Missouri; Armour’s marijuana use was established by lab tests; and the fact that he did not reside with a third-party custodian was supported by Armour's statement to Officer Dykstra that his third-party custodian had relocated to Iowa. Further, Armour bears the burden of proving that the violation memorandum is inaccurate or unreliable.
See United States v. Rollins,
. We note that there is "some tension in our cases as to the proper standard of review when a defendant fails to object (or, more accurately, take exception) after the sentencing judge imposes a condition to which the defendant had no notice.” Id. at 843-44 (internal quotation marks omitted). However, since Armour objected after the conditions were imposed, we do not need to resolve this issue at this time.
. Armour also argues that, giving the probation officer the power to determine whether Armour has permission to associate with convicted felons violates the non-delegation principle, citing
United States v. Voelker,