STATE OF OHIO, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs. LEE F. WURZELBACHER, Defendant-Appellant.
APPEAL NO. C-130011
TRIAL NO. B-0009162
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
September 18, 2013
[Cite as State v. Wurzelbacher, 2013-Ohio-4009.]
Criminal Appeal From: Hamilton County Court of Common Pleas
Judgment Appealed From Is: Affirmed as Modified and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: September 18, 2013
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Scott M. Heenan, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
Lee F. Wurzelbacher, pro se.
Please note: we have removed this case from the accelerated calendar.
{1} Lee F. Wurzelbacher went to a prison in 2001 after being convicted of drug trafficking and receiving stolen property. Eight years after being released, he asked the trial court to declare that his sentences are partly void based upon various errors he claimed the court had made when it imposed his sentences. The trial court denied the motion, and Mr. Wurzelbacher challenges that decision in this appeal.
{2} We conclude that Mr. Wurzelbacher is right, to an extent. The trial court committed two errors when it sentenced him that render portions of his sentences void. It neglected to suspend his driver‘s license or to include notification about postrelease control in his sentencing entry. But it is too late to fix these errors because Mr. Wurzelbacher has been released from prison. We affirm the judgment below as modified and remand to the common pleas court with instructions to note on the record that, because Mr. Wurzelbacher has been discharged on his convictions, his sentences may not now be corrected to impose postrelease control or the license suspension.
Background
{3} Mr. Wurzelbacher pled guilty in 2001 to two counts of drug trafficking and a single count of receiving stolen property. He was sentenced to concurrent prison terms totaling one year. He did not appeal his convictions. In 2012, Mr. Wurzelbacher collaterally challenged his convictions by filing with the common pleas court his “Motion for Declaratory Judgment That Sentence is Void.” The common pleas court overruled the motion, and this appeal ensued.
{4} In his motion, Mr. Wurzelbacher sought to invoke the court‘s “jurisdiction * * * to correct a void judgment” and sought “a declaratory judgment resolving the fact that [his sentences are] void” because the trial court had failed to merge allied offenses, to impose a mandatory driver‘s license suspension, or to notify him concerning postrelease control, his appeal rights, the requirement that he give a DNA specimen, or the possible imposition of community service in lieu of court costs. In this appeal, he advances four assignments of error that, read together, challenge the overruling of his motion.
{5} The first question we face is how to characterize Mr. Wurzelbacher‘s motion. Although styled a “Motion for Declaratory Judgment,” the filing did not properly institute a claim for declaratory judgment. Nor will such a proceeding provide a substitute for an appeal, or a means to collaterally challenge a criminal conviction. See State v. Braggs, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-130073, 2013-Ohio-3364, ¶ 5-7.
{6} Mr. Wurzelbacher‘s claims are best cast as raising a claim for relief under Ohio‘s postconviction statutes,
{7} But even though the postconviction statutes are said to provide “the exclusive remedy by which a person may bring a collateral challenge to the validity of a conviction in a criminal case,” it is the law in Ohio that a court may correct a “void judgment” even in the absence of compliance with the jurisdictional requirements of the postconviction statutes. State ex rel. Cruzado v. Zaleski, 111 Ohio St.3d 353, 2006-Ohio-5795, 856 N.E.2d 263, ¶ 18-19.
{8} The general rule is that a sentence is void only if the trial court lacked subject-matter jurisdiction or the authority to act. State v. Payne, 114 Ohio St.3d 502, 2007-Ohio-4642, 873 N.E.2d 306, ¶ 27. In recent years, however, the Ohio Supreme Court has been more willing to find sentences void and has “recognized a narrow, and imperative, exception to that general rule: a sentence that is not in accordance with statutorily mandated terms is void.” State v. Fischer, 128 Ohio St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, 942 N.E.2d 332, ¶ 8. That exception has been applied to hold void a sentence that is completely unauthorized by statute, Colgrove v. Burns, 175 Ohio St. 437, 438, 195 N.E.2d 811 (1964), that does not include a statutorily mandated prison term, State v. Beasley, 14 Ohio St.3d 74, 75, 471 N.E.2d 774 (1984), that lacks a mandatory driver‘s license suspension, State v. Harris, 132 Ohio St.3d 318, 2012-Ohio-1908, 972 N.E.2d 509, paragraph one of the syllabus, or a fine, State v. Moore, 135 Ohio St.3d 151, 2012-Ohio-5479, 985 N.E.2d 432, syllabus, or that fails to include statutorily mandated notification concerning postrelease control. State v. Jordan, 104 Ohio St.3d 21, 2004-Ohio-6085, 817 N.E.2d 864.
{9} Allied offenses. This court has held that an error involving the allied-offenses statute,
{10} Notification of appeal rights, DNA specimen, or community service in lieu of court costs. Our decisions in Lee and Grant also compel the conclusion that Mr. Wurzelbacher‘s sentences were not void as a consequence of the trial court‘s failure to notify him concerning his appeal rights, the DNA-specimen requirement, or the possibility of community service in lieu of court costs. In Lee, we held simply that an allied-offenses sentencing error does not render a sentence void because no decision of the Ohio Supreme Court has held that such an error makes a sentence void. Lee at ¶ 8. The lead opinion in Grant set forth a rationale for finding that such a sentence is not void, based on a distinction between a trial court‘s error in applying the allied-offenses statute‘s general rule prohibiting multiple convictions and a court‘s imposition of a sentence that is void because it did not include a statutorily mandated term (postrelease control, driver‘s license suspension, statutorily mandated fine) or was completely unauthorized by law. Grant at ¶ 15-16.
{11} The Ohio Supreme Court has not held that the failure to provide notification concerning appeal rights, the DNA-specimen requirement, or community service in lieu of costs renders a sentence void. Nor do these omissions involve the failure to impose a statutorily mandated sentencing term or a sentence that is completely unauthorized by statute. Thus, the common pleas court had no jurisdiction to review these claims.
{13} Under
{14} Similarly, the trial court was required to include a term of postrelease control in each of Mr. Wurzelbacher‘s felony sentences, by notifying him about postrelease control at his sentencing hearing and by incorporating postrelease-control notification in his judgment of conviction.
{15} Of course, these errors do not make any of the three sentences Mr. Wurzelbacher received void in their entirety. Instead, only “that part of the sentence [that fails to include the statutorily-mandated term] is void and must be set aside.” Fischer, 128 Ohio St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, 942 N.E.2d 332, at ¶ 26 (emphasis in original); see Harris, 132 Ohio St.3d 318, 2012-Ohio-1908, 972 N.E.2d 509, at ¶ 16. In other words, that portion of each sentence that does not exist, but that should exist, is void.
{16} The void portion of a sentence is subject to review at any time, whether on direct appeal or in a collateral proceeding. Fischer, 128 Ohio St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, 942 N.E.2d 332, at paragraph one of the syllabus and ¶ 26-27. Therefore, the common pleas court had jurisdiction to review and to set aside the offending portions of Mr. Wurzelbacher‘s sentences.
{17} But the void portion of a sentence must be corrected before the offender has completed his sentence. State v. Bloomer, 122 Ohio St.3d 200, 2009-Ohio-2462, 909 N.E.2d 1254, ¶ 70; State v. Bezak, 114 Ohio St.3d 94, 2007-Ohio-3250, 868 N.E.2d 961, ¶ 18 (modified on other grounds in Fischer, 128 Ohio St.3d 92, 2010-Ohio-6238, 942 N.E.2d 332, paragraph two of the syllabus). Mr. Wurzelbacher was long ago discharged on his convictions. Accordingly, the common pleas court had no jurisdiction to correct his sentences to impose the mandatory license suspension or postrelease control. Nor could the Ohio Adult Parole Authority place him under postrelease-control supervision or sanction him for any postrelease-control violation. See Bloomer at ¶ 73; Bezak at ¶ 18.
DINKELACKER, J., concurs.
CUNNINGHAM, P.J., concurs in part and dissents in part.
CUNNINGHAM, P.J., concurring in part and dissenting in part.
Judgment accordingly.
{19} I concur with the majority‘s holding that Wurzelbacher‘s motion was subject to dismissal because neither the Declaratory Judgment Act nor the postconviction statutes conferred upon the common pleas court jurisdiction to entertain the motion. I also agree that the common pleas court had no jurisdiction to review, because the judgment of conviction was not rendered void by, the trial court‘s failure to notify Wurzelbacher concerning his appeal rights, the DNA-specimen requirement, or the possibility of community service in lieu of court costs. And I agree that his sentences are void, but not subject to correction, to the extent that the
{20} But for the reasons set forth in my concurring and dissenting opinions in State v. Lee, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120307, 2013-Ohio-1811, ¶ 21-30, and State v. Grant, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-120695, 2013-Ohio-3421, I would hold that the common pleas court had jurisdiction to entertain Wurzelbacher‘s allied-offenses claim, because a sentence imposed in contravention of
{21} Finally, based upon the conflict noted in Lee, I would, under the authority of the Ohio Constitution, Article IV, Section 3(B)(4), certify to the Ohio Supreme Court the following question: “Are sentences imposed in violation of
Please note:
The court has recorded its entry on the date of the release of this opinion.