State v. DennisState v. Dennis
HENSAL, Judge.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant, Brian Dennis, appeals his convictions from the Summit County Court of Common Pleas for possession of cocaine, possession of heroin, and having a weapon while under disability. For the following reasons, this Court remands the matter for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
I.
{¶2} According to the testimony adduced at the suppression hearing, in the early morning hours of June 22, 2015, Akron Police received a call regarding a stolen vehicle. The caller followed the vehicle until it pulled into the driveway of the home located at 964 Davis Street in Akron. Police officers arrived and observed the stolen vehicle backed into the driveway. Two officers then secured the back of the home, while other officers, including Detective (then Officer) James Donohue, knocked on the front door. A woman answered the door, identified herself as the homeowner, and indicated that the driver of the vehicle was in the
{¶3} Officers located Mr. Dennis in the back bedroom, where he was watching television and looking at his phone with the bedroom door open. According to Detective Donohue, he ordered Mr. Dennis to stand up, which revealed a gun underneath where he had been sitting. Officers then searched his person and found a bag of cocaine in his pocket. Upon searching the vehicle, officers located a digital scale and a bag of heroin. Mr. Dennis was arrested and taken to the police station for questioning. While there, Mr. Dennis admitted that the cocaine, heroin, and gun were his. Regarding the vehicle, Mr. Dennis later testified that he “rented” it from someone in exchange for cocaine, and did not know that it had been stolen.
{¶4} Mr. Dennis was charged with possessing heroin in violation of
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN [IT] OVERRULED THE DEFENDANT‘S MOTION TO SUPPRESS, VIOLATING MR. DENNIS‘S FOURTH AMENDMENT RIGHTS TO BE FREE FROM UNREASONABLE SEARCH AND SEIZURE. THE POLICE ENTERED THE HOME AND BEDROOM WHERE BRIAN DENNIS WAS STAYING WITHOUT A WARRANT, AND THE POLICE FOUND EVIDENCE USED AGAINST MR. DENNIS AT TRIAL, WHICH VIOLATED MR. DENNIS‘S RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL, AND THE CONVICTION MUST BE REVERSED.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED WHEN [IT] RULED AGAINST THE DEFENDANT‘S MOTION TO SUPPRESS EVIDENCE, ON THE GROUNDS THAT MR. DENNIS DID NOT HAVE AN EXPECTATION OF PRIVACY WHERE HE WAS STAYING. THIS VIOLATED MR. DENNIS‘S RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL, MERITING REVERSAL OF BRIAN DENNIS‘S CONVICTIONS.
{¶5} In his first assignment of error, Mr. Dennis argues that the trial court erred by overruling his motion to suppress the evidence regarding the gun and drugs found on or near him because the officers seized those items as a result of a warrantless and otherwise unlawful search and seizure. He, therefore, argues that the trial court‘s denial of his motion violated his constitutional right to be free from an unreasonable search and seizure. In his second assignment of error, Mr. Dennis argues that the trial court erred by denying his motion to suppress on the grounds that he did not have a reasonable expectation of privacy in the home and, therefore, lacked standing. Regarding our standard of review,
[a]ppellate review of a motion to suppress presents a mixed question of law and fact. When considering a motion to suppress, the trial court assumes the role of trier of fact and is therefore in the best position to resolve factual questions and evaluate the credibility of witnesses. Consequently, an appellate court must accept the trial court‘s findings of fact if they are supported by competent, credible evidence. Accepting these facts as true, the appellate court must then independently determine, without deference to the conclusion of the trial court, whether the facts satisfy the applicable legal standard.
{¶6}
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III
THE TRIAL COURT VIOLATED MR. DENNIS‘S SIXTH AMENDMENT RIGHT TO CROSS-EXAMINATION WHEN THE COURT PERMITTED THE STATE TO USE A POLICE REPORT DRAFTED BY OFFICER URIDALES (SIC), WHEN OFFICER URIDALES (SIC) WAS UNAVAILABLE TO GIVE TESTIMONY AND BE SUBJECT TO CROSS EXAMINATION.
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY OVERRULING THE OBJECTION OF DEFENSE COUNSEL WHEN MULTIPLE POLICE OFFICERS WERE PERMITTED TO TESTIFY FROM A POLICE REPORT THEY DIDN‘T DRAFT, WITHOUT A FOUNDATION ESTABLISHED BY THE PROSECUTOR FOR THE REPORT, IN VIOLATION OF THE RULE AGAINST HEARSAY.
{¶7} In light of our disposition of Mr. Dennis‘s first and second assignments of error, we conclude that any discussion of the remaining assignments of error would be premature and, therefore, we will not address them at this time.
III.
{¶8} The judgment of the Summit County Court of Common Pleas as it relates to Mr. Dennis‘s suppression motion is reversed, and the cause is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
Judgment reversed, and cause remanded.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the period for review shall begin to run.
JENNIFER HENSAL
FOR THE COURT
CARR, P. J. CONCURS.
MOORE, J. CONCURRING IN JUDGMENT ONLY.
{¶9} I agree that this matter must be remanded to the trial court; however I disagree that it must be remanded for the trial court to set forth findings of fact. Instead, I would conclude that the transcript of proceedings sufficiently sets forth the trial court‘s findings of fact such that this Court could adequately review the merits of this appeal. Upon review of the merits, I would sustain Mr. Dennis’ second assignment of error; I would conclude that the trial court erred in determining that Mr. Dennis lacked standing because in so doing, the trial court based its credibility determinations on matters outside the record and made factual findings that are not supported by the record. Accordingly, I would remand the matter to the trial court to reconsider the issue of standing.
{¶10}
{¶11} In this case, at the end of the suppression hearing, the trial court made the following statement concerning whether it believed Mr. Dennis’ testimony about what he overheard: “[T]here‘s a TV on. [Mr. Dennis is] in the back bedroom. There‘s a knock at the door of the front house. I looked at the description of the house on the auditor‘s website while we were talking. I think it‘s actually, like, a 973 square feet ranch house, with three bedrooms. I think that it is unlikely that Mr. Dennis heard many words or every little thing.”
{¶12} Later, the trial court stated:
If someone is staying at someone‘s house for a couple of weeks and that person has small children and I‘ve been friends with that person all my life, I think you should know the names of the children. Not only what they call them[.] I think you should know more about that and you don‘t. And that gives me the indication that it was, at best, a flophouse for you, and at a flophouse I don‘t think you have those same expectations of privacy that you might have if you are, for example, staying for a while. It‘s a choice of words, but I‘m going to deny the motion.
{¶13} I would conclude that the foregoing statements by the trial court were sufficient to constitute findings of fact as that phrase is used in
{¶14} The first set of statements by the trial court is problematic because it evidences that at least part of the trial court‘s credibility determinations were based upon its consideration of information not in the record.
{¶15} The second set of statements by the trial court is also problematic for a few reasons. First, there was no testimony, aside from Mr. Dennis‘, about how many children Ms. Clark had or what their names were. It is unclear whether the names Mr. Dennis referenced were nicknames or legal names; Mr. Dennis only stated that, with respect to the girl‘s name, that was
{¶16} Given the foregoing, I would conclude that the trial court erred in determining that Mr. Dennis lacked an expectation of privacy in the residence because it based its credibility determinations on facts outside the record and facts that are not supported by the record. Therefore, I would remand the matter for the trial court to reconsider the issue. In light of the remand, I would decline to address the remaining assignments of error at this time, as I believe that doing so is premature.
APPEARANCES:
JACLYN PALUMBO, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
SHERRI BEVAN WALSH, Prosecuting Attorney, and RACHEL M. RICHARDSON, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Appellee.