STATE OF OHIO v. RUEBEN T. BELL
No. 110693
Cоurt of Appeals of Ohio, Eighth Appellate District, County of Cuyahoga
March 17, 2022
[Cite as State v. Bell, 2022-Ohio-823.]
CORNELIUS J. O‘SULLIVAN, JR., J.
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: March 17, 2022
Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CR-20-653154-A
Appearances:
Michael C. O‘Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting Attorney, and Alicia Harrison, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
Cullen Sweeney, Cuyahoga County Public Defender, and Michael V. Wilhelm, Assistant Public Defender, for appellant.
CORNELIUS J. O‘SULLIVAN, JR., J.:
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant Rueben Bell (“Bell“) appeals from his conviction and sentence for felonious assault. Bell waived his constitutional right to a jury trial and submitted the matter directly to a bench trial on one count of felonious assault.
Procedural History and Facts
{¶ 2} In 2020, Bell was indicted on one count of felonious assault, a second-degree felony, in violation of
{¶ 3} On August 15, 2020, John Mitchell and Latoya Johnson were staying at the Extended Stay Hotel and Suites in North Olmsted. The couple had been staying in various hotels in different municipalities throughout the Cleveland area trying to hide from Johnson‘s estranged husband, Bell. On this day, Mitchell was loading items into the trunk of Johnson‘s car in a parking lot adjacent to the hotel when he was struck from behind by a car. The force of the impact caused him to drop the groceries he was holding and dented the bumper of Johnson‘s car. He looked over his shoulder and saw that Bell was driving the car that had just hit him. Bell backed up to drive away and Mitchell chased after him on foot. Mitchell threw a rock towards the departing car. He sustained minor injuries.
{¶ 4} Mitchell testified he was cеrtain it was Bell who hit him. Mitchell had known Bell for 15 years, both in and out of prison, and testified he knew Bell because
{¶ 5} North Olmsted Police Officer James Kaminski1 responded to the scene. He testified that Johnson, who was acting nervous and scared, told Officer Kaminski that “Rueben Bell, her husband, had struck John [Mitchell] with a car that appeared to be a rental car.” Later, Kaminski learned that “another officer [received] a voicemail from him [Bell]” and that Bell “called the North Olmsted Police about being upset with the rock being thrown at his vehicle.” Upon learning this information, Officer Kaminski called Bell and left him a messаge to come in and file a police report about the rock incident, but Bell never returned his calls or came to the station.
{¶ 6} Bystander Tyrone West (“West“), who did not know any of the involved parties, was in the parking lot on the day in question when he heard a “loud smack,” looked up, and saw a car backing up; he did not sеe the actual impact. West estimated he was five feet from the vehicles in question, and that he, and the male and female nearby, could see the face of the driver. West described the scene as “chaos.” West testified he only had to walk a few steps to see the license plate, which he memorized and relayed to police. Johnson, who did not testify at trial, told West it was her “ex-husband or her husband” who hit Mitchell. West testified that
{¶ 7} Following all testimony, the trial court convicted Bell of the sole count in the indictment and sentenced him to two to three years in prison pursuant to the Reagan Tokes Law.
Assignments of Error
{¶ 8} Bell filed a notice of appeal and raises the following three assignments of error for our review:
- The bench trial verdict was against the manifеst weight of the evidence.
- The trial court erred in considering improper hearsay testimony made by a biased declarant outside of the required temporal period as well as admitting hearsay introduced through Officer Kaminski.
- The trial court violated Rueben Bell‘s constitutional rights by imposing a Reagan Tokes sentencе under S.B. 201.
Discussion
A. Manifest Weight of the Evidence
{¶ 9} In the first assignment of error, Bell contends that his conviction was against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶ 10} “[A] manifest weight challenge questions whether the state met its burden of persuasion.” State v. Bowden, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 92266, 2009-Ohio-3598, ¶ 13.
{¶ 11} Bell claims that he was either the victim of mistaken identity or Mitchell and Johnson are trying to accuse Bell of doing something he did not do. He claims that Mitchell was an “untrustworthy” witness; therefore, his identification of Bell “is equally untrustworthy.”
{¶ 12} We note that in a manifest-weight review, the weight to be given the evidence and the credibility of the witnesses are primarily for the finder of fact. State v. DeHass, 10 Ohio St.2d 230, 227 N.E.2d 212 (1967), paragraph one of the syllabus. The trier of fact has the authority to “believe or disbelieve any witness or accept part of what a witness says and reject the rest.” State v. Antill, 176 Ohio St. 61, 67, 197 N.E.2d 548 (1964). Thus, in reviewing criminal manifest-weight-of-the-evidencе challenges, appellate courts must be mindful of the presumption in favor of the finder of fact and defer to the factfinder‘s resolution of conflicting testimony if the greater amount of credible evidence supports the verdict. State v. Wilson, 113 Ohio St.3d 382, 2007-Ohio-2202, 865 N.E.2d 1264, ¶ 25.
{¶ 13} Upon review, Bell‘s conviction for felonious assault was not against the manifest wеight of the evidence. Mitchell testified that he was staying with Johnson at a hotel and the couple had been changing their location to hide from Bell, Johnson‘s estranged husband. On the day in question, Mitchell was loading groceries in the trunk of Johnson‘s car when, according to Mitchell, he was hit from behind by a car driven by Bell. Mitchell knew Bell well; he had known him for 15 years and had previously bought drugs from him. Johnson also identified Bell as the perpetrator.
{¶ 14} The neutral witness in this case, West, was staying at the hotel next door, where Johnson‘s car was parked. He was outside near his own car when he heard a “loud smack,” turned around and saw a car backing up:
West: “I remember getting out the car, and I just remember hearing a loud smack. And it caused me to literally just turn around. I didn‘t know what it was, I just turned around, and I saw a white sedan backing up, it was a four door, and it was an African American man, dark skinned man just back up. He kind of paused, and then he just — I remember when he paused, I was like I better get the license platе.”
{¶ 15} West testified he memorized the car‘s license plate and relayed it to police. West saw some broken bottles and groceries on the ground; items that Mitchell dropped when he was hit. West further testified that Mitchell and Johnson identified Bell as the driver of the car that hit Mitchell.
{¶ 16} Officer Kaminski testified that he responded tо the scene, took statements from Mitchell, West, and Johnson, and that Mitchell and Johnson identified Bell as the man that hit Mitchell. Officer Kaminski noted that Mitchell
{¶ 17} Although Bell contends that Mitchell was an “untrustworthy” witness, the trial court heard Mitchell‘s testimony, his admissions regarding his criminal history and current drug use and dealing, and Bell‘s counsel thoroughly cross-examined Mitchell regarding the event. The trial court, as trier of fact, was in the best position to weigh the evidence, including the credibility of the witnesses. The unaffiliated witness, West, clearly indicated that this incident happened and all three people could see Bell‘s face as he was backing his car away from the scene.
{¶ 18} Based on this record, we conclude the trial court did not clearly lose its way or create a manifest miscarriage of justice in returning a verdict finding Bell guilty of felonious assault. Thus, his conviction is not against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶ 19} The first assignment of error is overruled.
B. Hearsay Evidence
{¶ 20} In the second assignment of error, Bell argues that the trial court erred in considering improper hearsay testimony from West and Officer Kaminski.
{¶ 21} Thе admission or exclusion of evidence rests within the sound discretion of the trial court. State v. Guyton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 88423, 2007-Ohio-2513, ¶ 11, citing State v. Laboy, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 87616, 2006-Ohio-5927. A court abuses its discretion when a legal rule entrusts a decision to a judge‘s discretion and the judge‘s exercise of that discretion is outside of the legally permissible range of choices. State v. Hackett, 164 Ohio St.3d 74, 2020-Ohio-6699, 172 N.E.3d 75, ¶ 19.
{¶ 22} “Evid.R. 801(C) defines ‘hearsay’ as ‘a statement, other than one made by the declarant while testifying at the trial or hearing, offered in evidence to prove the truth of the matter asserted.‘” State v. Thomas, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106194, 2018-Ohio-2841, ¶ 27, quoting
{¶ 23} Here, the trial court stated that the statements West relаyed in court that were made by Johnson and Mitchell were made immediately after the incident while they were still under the excitement of the event. The state posits that the statements were admissible as exceptions to hearsay under
{¶ 24}
{¶ 25} This court has held that the hearsay exceptions for present sense impressions and excited utterances reflect “an assumption that statements or perceptions that describe evеnts uttered during or within a short time from the occurrence of the event are more trustworthy than statements not uttered at or near the time of the event” and that “the key to the statement‘s trustworthiness is the spontaneity of the statement, either contemporaneous with the event or immediately thereafter.” State v. Ellington, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 84014, 2004-Ohio-5036, ¶ 10, citing Cox v. Oliver Mach. Co., 41 Ohio App.3d 28, 534 N.E.2d 855 (12th Dist.1987). Thus, “[b]y making the statemеnt at the time of the event or shortly thereafter, the minimal lapse of time between the event and statement reflects an insufficient period to reflect on the event perceived * * * .” Ellington at id., citing Cox at id..
{¶ 26} Mitchell testified he was shocked when he was hit from behind by a car while loading groceries in the trunk of his girlfriend‘s car.2 West testified that
{¶ 27} Based on this record, we find that the state‘s argument has merit, and the cited exceptions apply in this case. Moreover, although not raised by the parties, we further find that the statеments that Johnson and Mitchell made to West where they identified Bell as the driver of the car and to which West testified about in court were not stated by West to establish the truth of the matter asserted, i.e., they were not stated to prove West was identifying Bell as the perpetrator. West testified he did not know Bell.
{¶ 28} Bell further claims that the trial court improperly relied on hearsay evidence in admitting Officer Kaminski‘s testimony regarding the voicemail Bell left for a North Olmsted police officer. During direct examination, the state questioned Officer Kaminski about his investigation and what steps he took after Bell was identified as the driver of the car that hit Mitchell. Thе officer testified that he found Bell‘s information, called him, and left a voicemail. He subsequently learned that
{¶ 29} The officer‘s testimony was offered to explain his course of investigation, i.e., why he called Bell a second time аnd asked Bell to come to the station to file a report. “Where statements are offered to explain an officer‘s conduct while investigating a crime, such statements are not hearsay.” State v. Blevins, 36 Ohio App.3d 147, 149, 521 N.E.2d 1105 (10th Dist.1987), citing State v. Thomas, 61 Ohio St.2d 223, 232, 400 N.E.2d 401 (1980). This testimony was part of a line of questioning in which the state elicited from the witness about the course of the investigation. Wе therefore find that Officer Kaminski‘s testimony was admissible and properly considered by the trial court at this bench trial.
{¶ 30} Accordingly, the second assignment of error is overruled.
C. Reagan Tokes
{¶ 31} Bell was sentenced to an indeterminate sentence of two to three years in prison pursuant to the Reagan Tokes Law. At sentencing, the trial court noted defense counsel‘s objection to the imposition of this law, properly preserving the issue for appeal. In the third assignment of error, Bell argues that the trial court erred in sentencing him under the Reagan Tokes Law because it is unconstitutional.
{¶ 32} Bell‘s arguments are overruled pursuant to this court‘s en banc decision in State v. Delvallie, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 109315, 2022-Ohio-470, which overruled the challenges presented in this appeal to the Reagan Tokes Law (enacted through S.B. 201). The arguments presented in this case do not present novel issues or any new theory challenging the constitutional validity of any aspect of the Reagan Tokes Law left unaddressed by Delvallie.
{¶ 33} Therefore, the third assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 34} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant‘s conviction having been affirmed, any bail pending is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court for execution of sentence.
CORNELIUS J. O‘SULLIVAN, JR., JUDGE
FRANK DANIEL CELEBREZZE, III, P.J., and EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR
N.B. Judge Eileen T. Gallagher joined the dissent by Judge Lisa B. Forbes in Delvallie and would have found that