GEORGE SPATTA, JR. v. AMERICAN CLASSIC CARS, LLC, ET AL.
(AC 35303)
Gruendel, Sheldon and Pellegrino, Js.
Argued January 16—officially released May 6, 2014
(Appeal from Superior Court, judicial district of Litchfield, Pickard, J. [judgment]; Danaher, J. [motions to open and to reargue].)
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Paul M. Cramer, for the appellants (defendants).
Randall J. Carreira, for the appellee (plaintiff).
Opinion
SHELDON, J. This case arises from the alleged breach of an oral agreement between the plaintiff, George Spatta, Jr., and the defendants, American Classic Cars, LLC, and its member and operator, Gus J. Paoli, pursuant to which the defendants agreed to build the plaintiff a new 1957 Chevrolet Belair Convertible for the price of $10,000 over the cost expended by the defendants to build it. The defendants claim on appeal that the trial court improperly denied their motion to reargue their earlier motion to open and set aside a default against them for failing to comply with the court‘s discovery orders.1 We disagree and therefore affirm the judgment of the trial court.
“The plaintiff served a set of interrogatories and requests for production . . . on April 4, 2011. The defendants immediately sought a thirty day extension of time in which to respond to the plaintiff‘s discovery requests. At the end of that thirty day period, however, the defendants failed to file any responses. On June 8, 2011, the plaintiff moved for default for failure to comply with discovery.
“On July 25, 2011, the court . . . ruled on the plaintiff‘s motion for default as follows: ‘Compliance is ordered by 8/25/11. If the [plaintiff] has not received compliance by that date, he may file an additional motion for default attesting to that fact and referencing this order. Upon the appearance of that additional motion on the short calendar, and absent the filing of a notice of compliance by the time of such appearance, a default may be granted.’
“On August 5, 2011, the defendants filed a notice of compliance with plaintiff‘s discovery. On August 15, 2011, the plaintiff moved for sanctions, alleging that the defendants’ compliance was, in large part, nonrespon-sive. A particular shortcoming in the responses involved the plaintiff‘s request for documents illustrating the cost of parts to the defendants. Instead, and with no accompanying explanation, the defendants simply produced a document showing the cost of parts that the defendants had billed to the plaintiff.
“In the course of ruling on the motion for sanctions, the court did not impose the sanction of default that was threatened in the court‘s July 25, 2011 order. Instead, the court . . . gave the defendants another opportunity to meet their discovery obligations, ruling on August 31, 2011, as follows: ‘The court has reviewed the entirety of the plaintiff‘s interrogatories and requests for production and has also reviewed the entirety of the defendants’ responses to those interrogatories and requests for production. The defendants have provided partial compliance to some of the interrogatories and for that reason a default will not enter at this time. However, the defendants have not materially complied with all discovery requests. In particular, the defendants’ responses to interrogatories 11, 13, 22, 25, and 26 do not reflect a good faith effort to comply with the defendants’ discovery obligations. Further, the discovery responses by . . . Paoli are wholly inadequate. The responses to all
“On September 12, 2011, instead of providing the compliance ordered, the defendants elected to move to reargue the court‘s August 31, 2011 order, arguing, inter alia, that the defendants, ‘despite many manpower hours,’ did not have documents showing their costs relative to the project. The defendants argued that it would be ‘unduly burdensome’ to make them elaborate further relative to one of their interrogatory responses. The defendants also professed not to know how to elaborate on their answer to interrogatory 25, which requested that the defendants ‘state the qualifications of all persons associated with the assembly of the vehicle which is the subject of this action.’ The defendants asserted that they were unable to provide any response other than, ‘all members have extensive experience with working on motor vehicles.’ The defendants stated that they required the court‘s guidance as to how to respond to that, and other, interrogatories and requests for production.
“The court denied the defendants’ motion to reargue on September 20, 2011. On September 28, 2011, the plaintiff again moved for sanctions because, despite the orders entered to that point, the defendants still had not made good faith efforts to respond to the plaintiff‘s discovery requests. The plaintiff also noted that the defendants had elected to ignore the court‘s order that they pay sanctions in the amount of $250 ‘no later than September 14, 2011.’
“On October 4, 2011, the defendants objected to the plaintiff‘s September 28, 2011 motion for sanctions, claiming that they had effected supplemental compliance. Notably, however, the defendants made no reference to the court‘s order imposing a monetary fine on the defendants. On October 13, 2011, the third judge in this judicial district to consider these issues examined the state of the discovery compliance and ruled as follows: ‘For the reasons given in the plaintiff‘s reply to the defendant‘s objection, the defendant has still not fully complied, including the payment of the previous sanction. A further monetary sanction seems inadequate. Therefore, a default is entered against the defendant.’
“On November 1, 2011, the defendants moved to reargue [the] order entering a default against them.2 That motion was
“The plaintiff objected to the motion to open [and set aside] the default and reviewed the defendants’ purported compliance which asserted, inter alia, that the defendants were searching for the documentation regarding their costs, and that the documents would be produced in ‘four to six weeks.’ The defendants did not explain the basis for that estimate, an estimate that is especially troubling in view of the representations made on September 12, 2011, implying that the responsive documents did not exist. Furthermore, the plaintiff advised the court that the monetary fine that the defendants were ordered to pay no later than September 14, 2011, had been sent to the plaintiff in the form of a check dated January 12, 2012. On January 30, 2012, [the] court denied the motion to open [and set aside] the default.”
On February 21, 2012, the defendants filed a motion to reargue the denial of the motion to open and set aside the default. By way of a memorandum of decision filed April 5, 2012, the court denied the defendants’ motion to reargue their motion to open and set aside the default, wherein it concluded that the “defendants are unlikely to ever meet their [discovery] obligations in good faith” and that their “violation of the court‘s orders was wilful and the absence of the entry of a default would result in prejudice to the plaintiff.” This appeal followed.
“The standard of review for a court‘s denial of a motion to reargue is abuse of discretion.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Fortin v. Hartford Underwriters Ins. Co., 139 Conn. App. 826, 843, 59 A.3d 247, cert. granted on other grounds, 308 Conn. 905, 61 A.3d 1098 (2013). Likewise, “[t]he determination of whether to set aside [a] default is within the discretion of the trial court . . . and will not be disturbed unless that discretion has been abused or where injustice will result. In the exercise of its discretion, the trial court may consider not only the presence of mistake, accident, inadvertence, misfortune or other reasonable cause . . . factors such as [t]he seriousness of the default, its duration, the reasons for it and the degree of contumacy involved . . . but also, the totality of the circumstances, including whether the delay has caused prejudice to the nondefaulting party.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) Bohonnon Law Firm, LLC v. Baxter, 131 Conn. App. 371, 381, 27 A.3d 384, cert. denied, 303 Conn. 902, 31 A.3d 1177 (2011).
“In order for a trial court‘s order of sanctions for violation of a discovery order to withstand scrutiny, three requirements must be met. . . . First, the order to be complied with must be reasonably clear. In this connection, however, we also state that even an order that does not meet this standard may form the basis of a sanction if the record establishes that, notwithstanding the lack of such clarity, the party sanctioned in fact understood the trial court‘s intended meaning. This requirement poses a legal question that we will review de novo. Second, the record must establish that the order was in fact violated. This requirement poses a question of fact that we will review using a clearly erroneous standard of review. Third, the sanction imposed must be proportional to the violation. This requirement poses a
The defendants claim that the court improperly denied their motion to reargue their motion to open and set aside the default on the grounds that (1) the order that they were alleged to have violated was not clear; (2) they had complied with the subject discovery orders prior to the entry of the default; and (3) the sanction of a default was not proportional to the alleged violation of the court‘s order. We are unpersuaded.
In ruling on the defendants’ motion to reargue, the trial court addressed the Millbrook Owners Assn., Inc., requirements. The court found that its “multiple orders that the defendants respond in good faith to the plaintiff‘s interrogatories and requests for production were quite clear.” Those discovery requests, the court determined, that related to the defendants’ costs of building the subject vehicle were “at the core of the controversy” between the parties. The court noted that the defendants initially claimed that they did not possess documentation regarding their costs. The defendants then claimed that they “would be assembling the documents ‘within four to six weeks.‘” The court concluded that the documents were clearly requested by the plaintiff and the court‘s multiple orders that they be produced were clear. The court further concluded that the defendants’ statement that they were in the process of assembling the documents and that they would be produced within four to six weeks “establishes that the defendants understood what the plaintiff was seeking and what the court had ordered them to produce.” On the basis of our review of the record, we agree with the trial court that the discovery requests and the court‘s orders requiring compliance with those requests were clear.3
The trial court also found that its orders had been violated. In light of the fact that the defendants had missed the multiple deadlines imposed by the court for compliance, in addition to the fact that the defendants even ignored the deadline by which they were to pay the sanction ordered by the court, this finding cannot reasonably be disputed. We thus conclude that the court‘s finding of noncompliance was not clearly erroneous.
The defendants also claim that the sanction imposed by the trial court, the default, was not proportional to the discovery violations at issue. The trial court found that the documents sought by the plaintiff were central to his case and that he had been trying to obtain them for over a year, without success, even in the face of multiple court orders mandating compliance
On the basis of the foregoing, we conclude that the court did not abuse its discretion in denying the defendants’ motion to reargue their motion to open and set aside the default.
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.