7 S.D. 297 | S.D. | 1895
Lead Opinion
This is an action to recover for damages to a car load of popcorn shipped by respondent from Mitchell, S. D., over appellant’s road. The corn was consigned to a party in Boston, and it is practically undisputed that it was damaged in transit, but after it left appellant’s line of road. It is evident that the rights of the respondent and the liabilities of appellant must depend upon the contract under which the corn was shipped. If appellant made a through contract, by which it undertook to transport the corn through from Mitchell to Boston, then it may be liable; but unless it did by contract undertake to do more than to carry it safely over its own line, then it would not be liable for injuries occurring on other lines after its own duty had been discharged by properly delivering it in good condition to such connecting line. This is statute law. Comp. Laws, sec. 3905. At the conclusion of the evidence the court refused to direct a verdict for the defendant, and, under instructions excepted to by defendant, submitted the questions in issue to the jury, who found for the plaintiff. From the judgment entered thereon the defendant appeals.
While, as already stated, the duty of appellant company, in the absence of a different contract, was fully performed when it safely carried the corn to the terminus of its own line and delivered it in good condition to the connecting line; yet it was entirely competent for it to make a contract to carry it through to Boston, and if it did so undertake, such contract would be binding upon it. Railroad Co. v. Pratt, 22 Wall. 132; Hill Manuf’g Co. v. Boston & L. R. Corp., 104 Mass. 122; Quimby v. Vanderbilt, 17 N. Y. 306; Condict v. Railway Co., 54 N. Y. 500. It is probably equally well settled that a .local station agent, as such, has no
Neither of these propositions is disputed by either party, but the claim of appellant is that there was no evidence in the case so tending to show an enlargement' of the authority or power of the station agent, or a recognition by the company of the contract claimed to have been made, as to justify the submission to the jury of the question of his authority to bind the company by the contract which respondent claims he undertook to make. Assuming for the moment that the agent had authority to make a through contract, we think the question of whether he did so or not is settled affirmatively by the verdict of the jury, for they were distinctly charged by the court to find from the evidence what was the intention and understanding of the parties, as to whether the undertaking was to carry the corn through to Boston and in a through car, without transshipment, or simply to carry it to the end of appellant’s road and deliver to a connecting line, and that, unless they found affirmatively on the first proposition, they could not find a verdict for the plaintiff. We conclude, therefore, that the open question in the case is this: Did the trial court err in submitting to the jury, against defendant’s objection, the question of the station agent’s authority to make and bind his company by a through contract? The settlement of this question will require an examination of the evidence. While the testimony of the station agent and the plaintiff may be in some respects discrepant, the question must be considered from the standpoint of the plaintiff’s evidence, for the jury was entitled to accept his version of what was said and done as correct, and so the question before the trial court was, would the plaintiff’s evidence, if accepted by the jury, sustain a verdict in his favor? The plaintiff after testifying that he had a lot of popcorn which he desired to ship, and that Mr. Obeland, appellant’s station agent at Mitchell,
It is very evident that no specific authorization of the agent Obeland is shown to make a through contract or a contract binding appellant company to carry this freight beyond the limits of its own road, but authority to contract and the contract may be inferred from facts and circumstances whose existence, if found to exist, could hardly be accounted for except upon the theory that the parties had mutually and authoritatively agreed upon what should be done. Accepting Page’s testimony as correct, and, as before remarked, in the settlement of the immediate question now before us we must assume that the jury would have so accepted it, there could be little doubt that when the corn was accepted for shipment, both he and the agent understood that the understanding of the company was to take it thr mgh to Boston in the Soo car, into which it was loaded at Mitchell. If the agent did not so understand it, and Page’s testimony is true, he was dealing fraudulently with Page, for by such testimony the exact condition under which the shipment was made by Page and received by the agent was that it was to be a through shipment in a car without a transfer. It is true, the testimony does not very directly or satisfactory connect the general freight agent or the other general officers of the company with such understanding between Page and the station agent, but we are inclined to think that, while the agent’s authority could not be safely found from any one particular and isolated fact found, yet all the facts, with the inferences properly deducible therefrom, were sufficient to justify the court in submitting the question to the jury as one of fact, whether the company had so empowered the agent, or had recognized the contract claimed to have been made with him as binding upon it. First, a through price was given and agreed upon, which was to be the on e and entire compensation for carrying through. In Railroad Co. v. Pratt, 22 Wall. 132, the court, in speaking of the significance qf such fact,
We should be unwilling to hold that the payment and receipt of one entire compensation was sufficient of itself to establish a through contract, but we do think it reasonable, and justified by well considered authorities, to hold that it is of itself a fact to be considered, in connection with other circumstances, if any are shown, as going to show the intent and understanding, and therefore the contract, of the parties. It further appears that the car furnished for this shipment was not one of its own, but one of an eastern line. The agent says he did not order such car. Presumably, then, it was sent by the company. The agent accounted for tliis car being sent on the ground that appellant company did not send its own cars off its own line of road, but this would not explain if the company contemplated a transfer of this freight at Minneapolis, the end of its line. We do not regard the fact at all controlling, and, considered alone, would probably not be very important, but it is right in line with plaintiff’s claim that the company was to take the corn through without transshipment, and, unexplained, was another circumstance from which, with others, the jury might infer an agreement so to do. The company did just what it seems to us it would have done if it fully understood that the corn was to be taken through without reloading. It sent, not one of its own cars, but one of a connecting line, over which the freight was to be transferred after it left the defendant’s road. This circumstance, which the company itself created, would certainly confirm Page in the understanding that he had made'a valid contract with the agent for a through car, and that the company was recognizing and carrying it out. Ag was said in Hill Manufactoring Co. v. Boston & L. R. Corp., 104 Mass. 135: “Such being their position, they offer to receive goods to be carried to New York. They receive them to be delivered there. They give a way bill for the entire distance. They take pay for transporta^ tion over the whole of the line. The whole course of proceedings is exactly what it would be if they meant to contract for the whole
Suppose a shipper applies to the station agent at Pierre, on the Northwestern Bailway, for a rate and a through car to Mitchell on the Milwaukee road. The agent informs him that he will get him a rate from his superior officers. He afterwards gives him the rate so received. The shipper accepts the terms, and the company, from its headquarters, sends him a Milwaukee car, which he accepts and loads. Can it be fairly said that there is nothing in such facts, unexplained, tending to show a knowledge and an understanding on the part of the company that he was to have a through car? It would not prove such contract, and its probative force might be weak, but it would not be immaterial, certainly, when considered in connection with other circumstances, such as the payment of one entire compensation to the point of destination. Through shipments of freight under one entire contract with the receiving carrier, over its own and connecting lines, are not unfrequent or extraordinary transactions, and while the carrier, like any other party is only liable upon such contract as it has made, the making of the contract may be inferred from its conduct and attending circumstances which it creates. It would be
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting.) I cannot concur. There was no evidence before the jury tending to establish a through contract, entered into between plaintiff and some one authorized to bind the defendant company. The general freight agent was not requested to authorize the proposed agreement, nor did he even quote a through rate to his agent at Mitchell, with whom plaintiff alone transacted the business. The rate furnished was from Minneapolis to Boston, to which the local station agent added the printed schedule rate from Mitchell to Minneapolis. It may be reasonably inferred that the local agent would have quoted a through rate in the first instance without consulting his superior officer had he known the tariff from Minneapolis to Boston, ber cause he testified that he never made a rate beyond the company’s line unless he had a printed rate, and that in this case, when he obtained the rate over connecting lines, he merely added thereto the rate from Mitchell to Minneapolis, and simply informed the plaintiff what it would cost per hundred weight to ship the corn from Mitchell to Bpsjjqn, Mr. Obeland, the local agent, and the
No importance should be attached to the fact that a new Soo car was sent to Mitchell, because the agent testified that he was never allowed to load a car off his company’s line. The corn was billed to Minneapolis in care of the Soo line, and there is no claim that its contents were damaged while thus in transit. Defendant’s liability ceased when the car reached the end of the company’s route and was delivered in good, order to the next carrier. Corap,
Exhibit A.
“Butte Farm, Sept. 24, ’91. Dear Sir: My claim will be in the hands of an attorney by Oct. 1. Can I expect anything like a settlement before that date, and avoid a suit?
“Yours truly,
“Paul E. Page, Mitchell, S. D.
“B. D. Webber, Boston, Mass.’’
Exhibit B.
“Butte Farm, July 14, 1891. B. D. Webber,-Boston, Mass.— Dear Sir: Last fall I shipped from this point a car load of popcorn, shipped in car No. 20,070 and consigned to James Spears, Boston.' The corn was damaged in transit and you instructed Mr. Spears to sell the corn for what he could, and that your company would make up the loss. Wm. F. Brooks & Co. have been looking after the claim, but in writing them I can get very little information. Will you please let me know in what shape the claim is, what the prospects for an early settlement, and what Brooks & Co. have done? Yours, respct., Paul E. Page, Mitchell, S. D.”
Assuming the evidence of plaintiff to be uncontradicted, and viewing it in a most favorable light, I find nothing to justify or support an inference that any authority was ever conferred upon
At the conclusion of the testimony, and before the case was submitted to the jury, counsel for appellant moved the court to direct a verdict for defendant for the reasons: “That the alleged contract on the part of the plaintiff is void,' as it is claimed to have been made with a station agent to ship a car beyond the defendant’s line of road, to wit, from Mitchell to Boston, which the station agent has no authority to do without express authorization on the part of defendant company, and the evidence shows that he had no such authority. Upon the further ground that there is no evidence in the case to show that he was held out by the company as an agent to receive goods for it and to bind the company in shipping the corn in question from Mitchell to Boston; that there is no question of ostensible agency in this case, there being no proof to show that this agent ever received any goods from any person or persons at Mitchell, to ship to any point beyond the line of its road.” It was said in Stewart v. Railroad Co., 3 Fed. 768 that “in the absence of a special contract, the liability of a common carrier does not extend beyond the limits of his own route, and such contract is not established by proof that the carrier accepted the goods with a knowledge of their destination and named the through rate for the same.” From the headnote in McCarthy v. Railway Co,, 9 Mo. App. 159, I quote the following: “The giving of a through rate to the shipper by the carrier is not of itself evidence of a special contract to carry beyond the company’s line.”
It is as clearly out of the usual course of business for a railroad company to contract with reference to the use of other companies’ lines, as it is for a man to contract with reference to the use of his neighbor’s horse and carriage; and in the face of the undisputed evidence that the defendant had nothing to do with the transaction, beyond the quoting of a rate from Minneapolis to Boston, and in the absence of anything to indicate a course of dealing or