The railroad of the defendant corporation extends from Worcester in this Commonwealth to New London in the state of Connecticut. The Norwich and New York Transpor
The law is well settled in this Commonwealth, and in most of the United States, that a corporation established for the transportation of goods for hire between certain points, and receiving goods directed to a more distant place, is not responsible, beyond the end of its own line, as a common carrier, but only as a forwarder, unless it makes a positive agreement extending its liability. Nutting v. Connecticut River Railroad Co. 1 Gray, 502. Judson v. Western Railroad Co. 4 Allen, 520. Darling v. Boston & Worcester Railroad Co. 11 Allen, 295, and cases cited. Perkins v. Portland, Saco & Portsmouth Railroad Co. 47 Maine, 573. Brintnall v. Saratoga & Whitehall Railroad Co. 32 Verm. 665. McMillan v. Michigan. Southern & Northern Indiana Railroad Co. 16 Mich. 119, 120. The plaintiffs seek to charge the defendants as common carriers beyond the line of their railroad upon three grounds.
The English cases in which a station agent has been allowed to bind the corporation by a contract to carry beyond its own line are of no weight in this case; because the law of England does not make the distinction which our law does between goods which are and goods which are not addressed to a place beyond the corporation’s own line, but holds that in either case the corporation is liable as a common carrier to the ultimate
2. The plaintiffs next rely upon the written contract between the two corporations in regard to the transportation of goods between the defendants’ stations and New York.
3. The only other evidence on which the plaintiffs rely is, the “freight tariff between New York and stations on Norwich and Worcester Railroad by steamers of the Norwich and New York Transportation Company, and the Norwich and Worcester Railroad,” copies of which were posted in the defendants’ stations. But if the plaintiffs treat this notice as a contract between themselves and the defendants, varying what would otherwise be the legal liability of the latter, they are bound by its provisions. Squire v. New York Central Railroad Co. 98 Mass. 239, and cases cited. And it is expressly provided therein that “this line will not be responsible for collisions, damages and accidents from steam, fire, sea, rivers.” If such was the contract between the parties, the carriers were exempted from liability for loss of the plaintiffs’ goods by collision or by fire.
In every aspect of the case therefore the plaintiffs fail to maintain their action, and there must be
Judgment for the defendants.
This contract, dated May 1,1861, was provided to be in force for ten years from that date; and in substance was as follows: The railroad corporation agreed to run daily certain passenger and freight trains between Worcester and Norwich and New London, connecting at the latter points with steamboats which the steamboat corporation agreed to run between those points and New York; and to furnish wharves and an office for the steamboat corporation at Norwich; and “ the said railroad company shall carry the passengers and merchandise delivered to them for that purpose by said boats, and the said steamboat company shall carry the passengers and merchandise delivered to them for that purpose by said trains; the expenses of agents and advertising for the line in New York shall be paid by the said steamboat company, and the like expenses on the railroad and its connections shall be paid by the said railroad company; and both parties agree to use all proper exertion in their power to procure business for the line and give the same the best possible despatch; and they are to so conduct the business in every particular as to promote the best interests of the line.” “ Loss or damage occasioned by injuries to person or property on said line shall be borne by the party having possession of the same at the time the injuries were done. But should any property be lost or damaged in transitu, and it cannot be ascertained which party had it in charge at the time of the loss or damage, it shall be paid for by both parties in proportion to the amount by them respectively received for the transportation of the same.” It was further stipulated that “ the gross receipts for transportation on said line ” should be divided in an agreed proportion between the two corporations ; and the remaining provisions of the contract were as follows: “ The said railroad company further agree that in case any opposition boat or boats shall be placed on said line between New York and New London or Norwich, they will not make any connection or arrangement with such boat or boats, or the parties running the same, but will charge the full local rates on their road, and in such case will pay to said transportation company the excess of the amount received for transportation over what they would have been entitled to under the joint rates of the two companies. A tariff of rates to and from all points on the line shall, from time to time, be mutually agreed upon and fixed by the parties, as the business may require. When the business on the line of the railroad can be made to pay local rates, it may be done. Settlements shall be made between the contracting parties daily.”
This freight tariff, under the caption quoted in the opinion, set forth rates of freight without specifying what proportion of any rate represented the service to he performed by either corporation separately, and included the provision, afterwards quoted, among various provisions concerning the “accountability ” or “ responsibility ” of “ the line " to shippers of goods.