NETWORK-1 TECHNOLOGIES, INC., Plaintiff-Appellant v. HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, HEWLETT PACKARD ENTERPRISE COMPANY, Defendants-Cross-Appellants
2018-2338, 2018-2339, 2018-2395, 2018-2396
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
September 24, 2020
Appeals from the
GREGORY S. DOVEL, Dovel & Luner, LLP, Santa Monica, CA, argued for plaintiff-appellant. Also represented by SEAN LUNER, RICHARD ELGAR LYON, III; JEFFREY A. LAMKEN, MoloLamken LLP, Washington, DC.
MARK ANDREW PERRY, Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, Washington, DC, argued for defendants-cross-appellants. Also represented by OMAR FAROOQ AMIN; HERSH H. MEHTA, Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Chicago, IL; NATALIE A. BENNETT, Washington, DC.
ANDREW M. MASON, Klarquist Sparkman, LLP, Portland, OR, for amicus curiae T-Mobile USA, Inc. Also represented by SARAH ELISABETH JELSEMA, JOHN D. VANDENBERG; SARAH J. KALEMERIS, Winston & Strawn LLP, Chicago, IL.
Before PROST, Chief Judge, NEWMAN and BRYSON, Circuit Judges.
PROST, Chief Judge.
Network-1 Technologies, Inc. (“Network-1“) appeals a final judgment of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. Network-1 sued Hewlett-Packard (“HP“), alleging infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,218,930 (“the ‘930 patent“). HP argued in response that the ‘930 patent is invalid, and that HP did not infringe. The jury found the patent not infringed and invalid. Following post-trial motions, the district court denied Network-1‘s request for a new trial on infringement but granted Network-1‘s motion for judgment as a matter of law (“JMOL“) on validity.
Network-1 appeals the district court‘s final judgment that HP does not infringe the ‘930 patent, arguing the district court erred in its claim construction. HP cross-appeals the district court‘s determination that HP was estopped from raising certain validity challenges under
For the reasons explained below, we affirm-in-part, reverse-in-part, vacate, and remand. Specifically, as to Network-1‘s appeal, we affirm-in-part and reverse-in-part the district court‘s claim construction and remand to the district court. As to HP‘s cross-appeal, we vacate the district court‘s JMOL on validity and remand. And finally, we affirm the district court‘s decision with respect to improper claim broadening.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
I. The ‘930 Patent
The ‘930 patent is titled “Apparatus and Method for Remotely Powering Access Equipment over a 10/100 Switched Ethernet Network.” It discloses an apparatus and methods for allowing electronic devices to automatically determine if remote equipment is capable of accepting remote power over Ethernet. See ‘930 patent col. 1 ll. 13–17. According to the patented method, a “low level current” is delivered over a
The ‘930 patent issued in April 2001 with 9 claims, including two independent claims: claims 1 and 6. Claim 6 is representative of the issues on appeal. Claim 6 recites:
6. Method for remotely powering access equipment in a data network, comprising,
providing a data node adapted for data switching, an access device adapted for data transmission, at least one data signaling pair connected between the data node and the access device and arranged to transmit data therebetween, a main power source connected to supply power to the data node, and a secondary power source arranged to supply power from the data node via said data signaling pair to the access device,
delivering a low level current from said main power source to the access device over said data signaling pair,
sensing a voltage level on the data signaling pair in response to the low level current, and
controlling power supplied by said secondary power source to said access device in response to a preselected condition of said voltage level.
‘930 patent claim 6 (emphases added to terms challenged on appeal).
On appeal, Network-1 contends that the district court erroneously construed the claim terms “main power source” and “low level current.” On cross-appeal, HP contends that Network-1 improperly broadened the term “secondary power source” during reexamination.
II. The Reexamination Proceedings
After it issued, and concurrent with the underlying district court action, the ‘930 patent was reexamined twice before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The first reexamination, No. 90/012,401 (“the ‘401 reexamination“), concluded in October 2014. See J.A. 333–35. It confirmed the patentability of claims 6, 8, and 9, and resulted in the issuance of claims 10–23. Relevant to HP‘s cross-appeal, claims 15 and 16 were added depending from original claim 6.
Claim 15 recites: “Method according to claim 6, wherein said secondary power source is the same source of power as said main power source.” ‘930 patent, Ex Parte Reexamination Certificate, col. 1 ll. 39–41 (emphasis added).
Claim 16 recites: “Method according to claim 6, wherein said secondary power source is the same physical device as the main power source.” Id. at col. 1 ll. 42–44 (emphasis added).
The second reexamination, No. 90/013,444, concluded in November 2015. It confirmed the patentability of claims 6 and 8–23. See J.A. 336–37.
This case has a long and complicated history, which began in 2011 when Network-1 sued a number of defendants, including HP, for infringement of the ‘930 patent in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas. After several stays, the district court finally reached the underlying final judgment in 2018. We discuss the relevant background here.
I. The Avaya IPR
After Network-1 filed its complaint in the district court, another defendant, Avaya Inc. (“Avaya“), petitioned for IPR of the ‘930 patent. The district court stayed its proceedings pending IPR. The Board partially instituted Avaya‘s petition. See Avaya Inc. v. Network-1 Sec. Sols., Inc., No. IPR2013-00071, Paper 18, 2013 WL 8595554 (P.T.A.B. May 24, 2013) (“the Avaya IPR“). Specifically, the Board instituted review of claims 6 and 9 of the ‘930 patent based on two grounds: (1) anticipation under
Following institution, HP, together with other petitioners, filed an IPR petition and motion to join the Avaya IPR. HP‘s petition included grounds different from those that had already been instituted. The Board denied HP‘s request. HP, with others, thereafter filed a second IPR petition and motion to join the Avaya IPR, this time including only the grounds already instituted. The Board granted HP‘s request, and HP was joined as a party to the Avaya IPR. At the time that HP filed its second IPR petition, more than one year had passed since the district court complaint had been served, and therefore, HP was time-barred under
In its final written decision, the Board held that neither claim 6 nor claim 9 was unpatentable over the instituted grounds. We affirmed. See Avaya Inc. v. Network-1 Techs., Inc., 612 F. App‘x 613 (Fed. Cir. 2015).
II. The District Court Action
After more stays, Network-1 continued its suit in the district court. In 2017, the district court issued its construction of disputed claim terms, including “low level current” and “main power source.” See Network-1 Techs., Inc. v. Alcatel-Lucent USA, Inc., ET, No. 6:11-cv-492, Report and Recommendation of the Magistrate Judge, D.I. 693, at 12 (E.D. Tex. Nov. 4, 2016) (J.A. 24–48); see also Network-1 Techs., Inc. v. Alcatel-Lucent USA, Inc., ET, No. 6:11-cv-492, Order Adopting Report and Recommendation of U.S. Magistrate Judge, D.I. 860, at 1, 5–7 (E.D. Tex. May 2, 2017) (J.A. 49–68). Together with its claim construction, in relevant part, the district court denied HP‘s summary judgment motion that argued claim 6 was impermissibly broadened through the ‘401 reexamination. J.A. 40–42, 57–59.
This case finally proceeded to trial in November 2017. At trial, Network-1 argued that HP infringed claims 6, 13, 14, 17, 20, and 22 of the ‘930 patent (“the asserted claims“) by selling particular Power over Ethernet (“PoE“) switches. HP argued that each of the asserted claims was rendered obvious by both public use of “the Fisher system,” which was a PoE system
Using a general verdict form, the jury found that HP did not infringe any asserted claim of the ‘930 patent. J.A. 70. The jury also found that HP had shown that all asserted claims of the ‘930 patent are invalid. J.A. 71.
Following the jury‘s verdict, Network-1 filed, in relevant part, a motion for a new trial related to infringement, and a motion for JMOL and motion for a new trial related to validity. The district court denied the motion for a new trial on infringement. Applying its construction of the claim terms “low level current” and “main power source,” the district court concluded that the jury‘s verdict was not against the great weight of the evidence that HP‘s accused devices did not meet either limitation. See J.A. 92–97.
As to the ‘930 patent‘s validity, however, the district court granted Network-1‘s motion for JMOL. The district court concluded that because of HP‘s joinder to the Avaya IPR, HP should have been estopped under
Network-1 appealed. HP cross-appealed. We have jurisdiction under
DISCUSSION
On appeal, Network-1 challenges the district court‘s denial of a new trial on infringement based on its argument that the district court erred in its claim construction.
On cross-appeal, HP challenges the district court‘s JMOL on validity, arguing that the district court erred in concluding that HP is estopped from raising its obviousness challenges because it joined the Avaya IPR. HP further challenges the district court‘s denial of summary judgment, arguing that the asserted claims of the ‘930 patent were improperly broadened during reexamination.
We address these issues in turn.
I. Claim Construction
Network-1 argues that the district court incorrectly construed the claim terms “low level current” and “main power source,” and that this error entitles it to a new trial on infringement. HP argues in response that the district court‘s claim construction should be affirmed, but that even if it is not, Network-1 was not prejudiced by the erroneous claim construction.
For the below-described reasons, we conclude that the district court correctly construed “low level current” but erred in
A
We review the district court‘s ultimate construction of the claim language de novo. Teva Pharms. USA, Inc. v. Sandoz, Inc., 574 U.S. 318, 331 (2015). “[W]hen the district court reviews only evidence intrinsic to the patent (the patent claims and specifications, along with the patent‘s prosecution history), the judge‘s determination will amount solely to a determination of law, and [we] will review that construction de novo.” Id. To the extent that subsidiary factfinding is required for claim construction analysis, we review such factfinding for clear error. Id. at 332.
Claim terms “are generally given their ordinary and customary meaning,” which is “the meaning that the term would have to a person of ordinary skill in the art in question at the time of the invention.” Phillips v. AWH Corp., 415 F.3d 1303, 1312–13 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (en banc) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). “[T]he claims themselves provide substantial guidance as to the meaning of particular claim terms” and “the specification is the single best guide to the meaning of a disputed term.” Id. at 1314–15 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
As the party seeking to disturb the non-infringement judgment, Network-1 “must establish that [the challenged jury] instructions were legally erroneous, and that the errors had prejudicial effect.” SSL Servs., LLC v. Citrix Sys., Inc., 769 F.3d 1073, 1085 (Fed. Cir. 2014) (quoting Ecolab Inc. v. Paraclipse, Inc., 285 F.3d 1362, 1373 (Fed. Cir. 2002)).
“It is well established that when an incorrect jury instruction—such as an incorrect claim construction—removes from the jury a basis on which the jury could reasonably have reached a different verdict, the verdict should not stand.” Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. v. St. Jude Med., Inc., 381 F.3d 1371, 1383 (Fed. Cir. 2004); see also Avid Tech., Inc. v. Harmonic, Inc., 812 F.3d 1040, 1042 (Fed. Cir. 2016). An erroneous claim construction on one element is harmless “only if a reasonable jury would have been required by the evidence to find non-infringement even without the error.” Avid, 812 F.3d at 1047.
B
The district court construed “low level current” as “a non-data-signal current that is sufficient to begin start up of the access device but that is not sufficient to sustain the start up.” J.A. 35; see also J.A. 53–55. The district court explained that it was construing the disputed phrase to give meaning to the constituent term “low.” See J.A. 34. It stated that while the current must be sufficient to “begin start up,” the current need not “cause start up,” and thus it construed the term to eliminate “any implication that the current must be sufficient to result in a completed start up.” J.A. 34 (citing ‘930 patent col. 3 ll. 12–17).
On appeal, Network-1 argues that the district court erred by construing the phrase “low level current” to have a lower bound. Network-1 agrees that, in the context of the ‘930 patent, the phrase “low level current” describes current that cannot “sustain start up” but argues that it was error for the district court to additionally require that the current be sufficient
We conclude that the district court correctly construed “low level current.” As an initial matter, there is no dispute that the word “low” in the claim phrase “low level current” operates to limit the upper boundary of the current level. See Appellant‘s Br. 26–29; Appellee‘s Br. 36–37. Indeed, the ‘930 patent explicitly describes a low level current with an upper boundary that is “unable to sustain start up.” See ‘930 patent col. 3 ll. 14–16; see also id. at col. 3 ll. 2–13. But the claim phrase is not limited to the word “low,” and the claim construction analysis should not end just because one reference point has been identified. To be sure, the claim phrase “low level current” does not preclude a lower bound by use of the word “low.” Rather, in the same way the phrase should be construed to give meaning to the term “low,” the phrase must also be construed to give meaning to the term “current.”
The intrinsic record of the ‘930 patent confirms that the district court correctly construed the phrase to require a lower boundary of current. See Phillips, 415 F.3d at 1315. Claim 6 recites “delivering a low level current” to an access device to detect whether the device can accept remote power. ‘930 patent col. 4 ll. 49–67 (emphasis added); see also id. at col. 2 ll. 8–14. The express language of the claim thus requires that at least some level of current be delivered. Even Network-1 admits that the term “current” necessarily requires some flow of electric charge because “[i]f there is no flow, there is no ‘current.‘” See Appellant‘s Br. 33–34.
The specification of the ‘930 patent discloses the lower boundary of current. It explains that an access device capable of accepting remote power will signal a varying voltage level and teaches “[t]he varying level is created by the remote power supply beginning to start up but the low current level is unable to sustain the start up.” ‘930 patent col. 3 ll. 14–16 (emphasis added); see also id. at col. 3 ll. 2–13. Thus, consistent with the district court‘s construction, the ‘930 patent teaches that the delivered “low level current” is current that is sufficient to begin start-up.
Accordingly, we conclude that the district court did not err in its construction of “low level current.”
C
The district court construed “main power source” as “a DC power source,” and thereby excluded AC power sources from its construction. J.A. 50–51.7 In reaching its decision, the court relied on HP‘s expert testimony that a network device would either fail to function or would be damaged if it received AC power. J.A. 50–51. The court therefore concluded that embodiments using AC power are inoperable and construed “main power source” to exclude such embodiments. J.A. 50–51 (“A construction that renders the claimed invention inoperable should be viewed with extreme skepticism.” (quoting Talbert Fuel Sys. Pats. Co. v. Unocal Corp., 275 F.3d 1371, 1376 (Fed. Cir. 2002))); see also J.A. 30–31.
We conclude that the correct construction of “main power source” includes both AC and DC power sources. There is no dispute that the ordinary meaning of “power source” includes both AC and DC power sources. Appellant‘s Br. 45–49; see Appellee‘s Br. 47. And neither the claims nor the specification of the ‘930 patent require a departure from this ordinary meaning. Starhome GmbH v. AT & T Mobility LLC, 743 F.3d 849, 857 (Fed. Cir. 2014) (“In the absence of an express intent to impart a novel meaning to claim terms, an inventor‘s claim terms take on their ordinary meaning.“).
Claim 6 recites a “main power source” that is “connected to supply power to the data node” and that “deliver[s] a low level current . . . to the access device.” ‘930 patent col. 4 ll. 56–57, ll. 60–61; see also id. at col. 1 ll. 64–65, col. 2 ll. 8–9. Nowhere do the claims suggest that the “main power source” should be limited to DC power sources.
The specification likewise never expresses a preference for DC power sources, much less a suggestion that DC power is an “essential” feature of the main power source. See GE Lighting Sols., LLC v. AgiLight, Inc., 750 F.3d 1304, 1309–10 (Fed. Cir. 2014). Indeed, far from limiting the plain language of the claims to a DC power source, the specification states that the power source may be a “conventional main power supply,” which according to the ordinary meaning would include both AC and DC power sources. ‘930 patent col. 2 ll. 52–53. This reading of the specification is further confirmed by the ‘930 patent‘s disclosure of a preferred embodiment, which is shown in Figures 1 and 3. See MBO Labs., Inc. v. Becton, Dickinson & Co., 474 F.3d 1323, 1333 (Fed. Cir. 2007) (“A claim interpretation that excludes a preferred embodiment from the scope of the claim is rarely, if ever, correct.” (internal citation omitted)). In Figure 1, power source 16 is identified as a “conventional” power supply, and in Figure 3, main power supply 70 is specifically depicted as a traditional AC power outlet. ‘930 patent col. 2 ll. 52–53, Fig. 3.
Despite the express disclosures of the ‘930 patent, the district court construed “main power source” to exclude AC power sources on the basis of expert testimony that receipt of AC power by a network device would render it inoperable. J.A. 30–31, 50–51. This is error for two reasons. First, even though the network device cannot receive AC power, the record establishes that “data nodes” or network switches were commonly used to convert AC power to DC power as needed to power the network device. Indeed, we need not look beyond the specification of the ‘930 patent. In the preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, a data node exists between main power source 16 and the remote equipment. And in Figure 3, an 8-port switch is shown connected to the AC power outlet such that the AC power is converted to DC power before reaching the network device. ‘930 patent col. 2 l. 29, col. 3 ll. 59–60, Figs. 1 & 3. Even HP‘s
Second, the district court erred by adding a limitation to the claims to carve out certain inoperable embodiments. To be sure, we have stated that we skeptically view a construction that renders all embodiments inoperable, but we have instructed that it is nonetheless improper to add limitations to constructions to exclude only certain inoperable embodiments. Cordis Corp. v. Medtronic AVE, Inc., 511 F.3d 1157, 1174 (Fed. Cir. 2008). In this case, the district court‘s construction not only excluded inoperable embodiments that do not convert AC to DC power, but also excluded operable embodiments, like the preferred embodiment. See MBO Labs., 474 F.3d at 1333.
Accordingly, we conclude that the district court erred in its construction of “main power source.”
D
We now consider the effect of the district court‘s erroneous construction of “main power source” on the jury‘s verdict of non-infringement. Network-1 argues that if the district court erred in its construction of either claim term, that error was prejudicial, and it is entitled to a new trial on infringement. HP argues in response that to the extent either term was misconstrued, such error was harmless and the judgment of non-infringement should not be disturbed. We conclude that Network-1 established that it was prejudiced by the district court‘s erroneous claim construction of “main power source” and is entitled to a new trial on infringement.
At trial, HP contested infringement based on the elements “low level current” and “main power source.” With respect to “main power source,” the record shows that the jury was instructed to apply the erroneous construction, that Network-1 elicited testimony showing that the main power source for certain HP products originates at an AC input, J.A. 2291, 2056, and that HP relied on evidence of non-infringement, at least in part, based on the fact that these products are not within the scope of the ‘930 patent because they use an AC input, J.A. 2056–57, 2065–66. The jury found that HP did not infringe the asserted claims of the ‘930 patent. Because the general verdict form does not indicate the basis for the jury‘s decision, where the evidence shows that HP relied on the district court‘s erroneous construction for its argument that it does not infringe the asserted claims, we conclude that Network-1 has established that it was prejudiced by the claim construction. J.A. 69–70.
HP argues that the erroneous claim construction was harmless because HP presented conclusive evidence that no accused product meets the claim limitation “delivering a low level current from said main power source.” Appellee‘s Br. 25–26 (emphases in original). More particularly, HP argues that the record shows that its products deliver detection current from a PoE chip, not an AC or DC power source. But HP‘s argument relies on an element that is not in the claims—namely, that current be delivered directly from the main power source to the access device. Indeed, the district court expressly rejected HP‘s attempt to import such a limitation during claim construction. See J.A 39–40. And in any case, Network-1 presented evidence at trial showing that HP‘s products practice
Accordingly, we affirm the district court‘s construction of “low level current,” reverse the district court‘s construction of “main power source,” and remand to the district court for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
II. Statutory Estoppel
We now turn to HP‘s cross-appeal. HP argues that the district court erroneously granted JMOL with respect to the ‘930 patent‘s validity based on its determination that HP was estopped under
A
We review “decisions on motions for JMOL, motions for a new trial, and evidentiary rulings under the law of the regional circuit.” SSL Servs., 769 F.3d at 1082. The Fifth Circuit reviews decisions on motions for JMOL ”de novo, reapplying the JMOL standard.” Summit 6, LLC v. Samsung Elecs. Co., 802 F.3d 1283, 1293 (Fed. Cir. 2015) (citing Ford v. Cimarron Ins. Co., 230 F.3d 828, 830 (5th Cir. 2000)). In the Fifth Circuit, a jury verdict may only be reversed by JMOL if substantial evidence does not support the verdict. Versata Software, Inc. v. SAP Am., Inc., 717 F.3d 1255, 1261 (Fed. Cir. 2013). “Thus, a JMOL may only be granted when, ‘viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, the evidence points so strongly and overwhelmingly in favor of one party that the court believes that reasonable jurors could not arrive at any contrary conclusion.‘” Id. (quoting Dresser–Rand Co. v. Virtual Automation, Inc., 361 F.3d 831, 838 (5th Cir. 2004)).
B
Following trial, the district court granted Network-1‘s motion for JMOL on validity of the ‘930 patent. The district court concluded that as a result of HP‘s joinder to the Avaya IPR, HP was estopped under
HP argues that, in granting Network-1‘s motion for JMOL on invalidity, the district court misapplied the estoppel provision under
Following a final written decision in an IPR, the AIA provides for statutory estoppel under
CIVIL ACTIONS AND OTHER PROCEEDINGS.—The petitioner in an inter partes review of a claim in a patent under this chapter that results in a final written decision under section 318(a) . . . may not assert in . . . a civil action arising in whole or in part under section 1338 of title 28 . . . that the claim is invalid on any ground that the petitioner raised or reasonably could have raised during that inter partes review.
In this case, the Board instituted two grounds in the Avaya IPR, which challenged claims 6 and 9 of the ‘930 patent based on Matsuno and De Nicolo. HP did not timely petition for IPR but relied on the joinder exception to the time bar under
Accordingly, we conclude that HP was not statutorily estopped under
C
Because we conclude that the district court erred in granting JMOL of validity for Network-1 on the basis that HP was statutorily estopped from raising certain invalidity challenges, we vacate that decision.
HP argues that if we vacate the district court‘s JMOL on validity, substantial evidence supports the jury‘s verdict of invalidity, and thus the jury‘s verdict should be reinstated. In response, Network-1 argues that even if we reverse on estoppel, we cannot resolve this case on appeal because there is an outstanding new-trial motion that the district court must decide. Indeed, the district court failed to conditionally rule on Network-1‘s motion for a new trial on validity even though it was required to do so by
We therefore remand to the district court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
III. Claim Broadening
On cross-appeal, HP also argues that claim 6 and the other asserted claims are invalid under
A
A patentee is not permitted to enlarge the scope of a patent claim during reexamination.
“Whether amendments made during reexamination enlarge the scope of a claim is a matter of claim construction,” Creo Prods., 305 F.3d at 1344, which we review de novo, while giving deference to subsidiary factual determinations, Teva Pharms., 574 U.S. at 331.
B
HP argues that dependent claims 15 and 16 added during the ‘401 reexamination resulted in improper claim broadening of claim 6 and asserted dependent claims. In relevant part, prior to reexamination, claim 6 of the ‘930 patent was construed in two separate district court actions to require the “secondary power source” to be physically separate from the “main power source.” See J.A. 59–62; see also J.A. 40–42. Subsequently, during the ‘401 reexamination, Network-1 added claims 15 and 16, which depended from claim 6 and respectively added the limitations that the secondary power source “is the same source of power” and “is the
After claims 15 and 16 issued at the conclusion of the ‘401 reexamination, HP moved in the underlying district court action for summary judgment of invalidity under
We do not agree that claim 6 is invalid for improper broadening based on the addition of claims 15 and 16. Our broadening inquiry begins and ends with claim 6. Claim 6 was not itself amended during the ‘401 reexamination. And as HP admits, “[the district court‘s construction [after reexamination] is consistent with how the [earlier district] courts construed this term [pre-reexamination].” Appellee‘s Br. 15. Neither party appeals that construction. There can be no dispute, therefore, that the scope of claim 6 was not changed as a result of the ‘401 reexamination. Where the scope of claim 6 has not changed, there has not been improper claim broadening, and HP‘s argument fails. See Creo Prods., 305 F.3d at 1344.
Furthermore, our precedent is clear that “dependent claims cannot broaden an independent claim from which they depend.” Enzo Biochem, Inc. v. Applera Corp., 780 F.3d 1149, 1156–57 (Fed. Cir. 2017). Thus, even were dependent claims 15 and 16 broader than unamended, independent claim 6, the remedy would not be to find claim 6 invalid as broadened, but to invalidate added claims 15 and 16. See MBO Labs., Inc. v. Becton, Dickinson & Co., 602 F.3d 1306, 1319 (Fed. Cir. 2010). We need not determine whether claims 15 and 16 are invalid because they are not asserted and because those claims have already been canceled through Network-1‘s statutory disclaimer.
Despite the clarity of our caselaw, HP principally relies on ArcelorMittal France v. AK Steel Corp., 786 F.3d 885 (Fed. Cir. 2015), to argue that claim 6 was improperly broadened and should be invalidated. In that case, we concluded that the patentee had improperly broadened independent claim 1 through reissue by adding a number of dependent claims. See ArcelorMittal, 786 F.3d at 890. HP quotes our explanation that one of the new dependent claims had “the practical effect of expanding the scope of claim 1 to cover claim scope expressly rejected by a previous claim construction ruling.” Appellee‘s Br. 70 (quoting ArcelorMittal, 786 F.3d at 890). HP also emphasizes that in ArcelorMittal, we held invalid for improper broadening under
ArcelorMittal is inapposite. In that case, the patentee had stipulated that all reissued claims, including claim 1, were broader than the original claims. ArcelorMittal, 786 F.3d at 890. Thus, in ArcelorMittal, there was no dispute that the claims had been broadened. Furthermore, we did not hold, as HP suggests, see Appellee‘s Br. 70–71, that a dependent claim added during
Accordingly, we affirm the district court‘s conclusion that claim 6 and the other asserted claims are not invalid due to improper claim broadening.
CONCLUSION
We have considered the parties’ remaining arguments and find them unpersuasive. For the reasons described above, we affirm-in-part, reverse-in-part, vacate, and remand.
AFFIRMED-IN-PART, REVERSED-IN-PART, VACATED, AND REMANDED
COSTS
The parties shall bear their own costs.