Kristinа M. Finn, Appellant-Petitioner, v. Patricia Murphy and Kelly Mitchell, Appellees-Respondents
Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-MI-184
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
June 29, 2018
Crone, Judge.
Appeal from the Dearborn Circuit Court, The Honorable James D. Humphrey, Judge, The Honorable Kimberly Schmaltz, Magistrate, Trial Court Cause No. 15C01-1709-MI-44
Pursuant to
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Joseph A. Colussi
Colussi Law Office
Madison, Indiana
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEES
Leanna Weissmann
Lawrenceburg, Indiana
[1] Kristina M. Finn (“Grandmother“) appeals the trial court‘s order denying her petition for visitation with her granddaughter, M.F. (“Child“). Grandmother concedes that the court‘s findings are supported by the evidence but argues that they do not support the denial of her petition. We disagree and therefore affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[2] In March 2010, Child was born out of wedlock to Grandmother‘s daughter, Patricia Murphy (“Mother“), and Kelly Mitchell (“Father“). Father signed a paternity affidavit at the time of Child‘s birth, and Mother was awarded custody. Father lives in Texas and has had almost no contact with Child. Grandmother hаs been in a long-term committed relationship with Richard Pyles and lives with him in Carroll County, Kentucky.
[3] Mother and Child lived with Grandmother for roughly the first year of Child‘s life, during which Grandmother tended to Child‘s needs on a daily basis. Mother and Child then moved to Florence, Kentucky, and Grandmother cared for Child on weekdays through 2012. Mother and Child moved back in with Grandmother in 2013 and moved out in latе 2014. From that time until August 2015, when Child started school, Grandmother visited with Child on alternate weekends. Thereafter, Grandmother visited with Child one weekend each month. Grandmother also took occasional trips to Florida with Child and visited her on various birthdays and holidays. At some point, Mother married
[4] Grandmother filed a petition for grandparent visitation in Indiana, where Mother and Child currently live. After a hearing, the trial court issued an order denying Grandmother‘s petition that contains findings on the foregoing facts, as well as the following additional findings and conclusions:1
10. Grandmother is closely and emotionally bonded to Child. Child is similarly bonded to Grandmother. Mother agreed that Child knows and loves Grandmother. Child has regularly associated with her three maternal cousins and two maternal aunts when visiting with Grandmother. Grandmother wants Child to know the maternal side of her family and their heritage.
....
12. Mother stated three reasons for denying Grandmother visitation, i.e., that Grandmother has a drug problem, that Mr. Pyles has a disturbing infatuation with Child, and that Mr. Pyles is abusive to Grandmother.
13. In October of 2016, Grandmother was being treated for a shoulder injury sustained in her work as a housekeeper. Grandmother was prescribed muscle relaxing and pain medicatiоn by her treating physician. Shortly after beginning the medication, Grandmother drove her vehicle, became dro[w]sy and hit a guard rail damaging the vehicle, but causing no physical injury. Grandmother was the only person in the vehicle.
Grandmother was seen at the hospital and released the same day. Grandmother immediately discontinued the use of bоth medications, relying on physical therapy to treat the shoulder injury.
14. There was testimony that Grandmother had overdosed on an illegal drug and also abuses over the counter medications. Danielle Finn, Mother‘s sister, who has three children and is regularly around her mother, Grandmother, was cross-examined extensively by Mother and stated that Grandmother does not use illegal drugs and does not have a drug problem. Mother also claimed that Grandmother regularly used legal, over-the-counter products for energy. Mother did not attribute the use of the legal, over-the-counter products to any accident.
15. Notwithstanding Mother‘s claims concerning Grandmother‘s illegal drug use and concerning use of over-the-counter products for energy, Mother did not terminate Child‘s visitation with Grandmother until June of 2017, at a time when Mother was separated from Stepfather and experiencing trouble in her marriage.
16. Mother claimed that Mr. Pyles was abusive to Grandmother. Mother testified that there was no physical abuse, but mental abuse involving Grаndmother‘s being required to agree with Mr. Pyles. Mother offered no testimony concerning any physical or mental abuse of Child by Grandmother or Mr. Pyles.
17. Grandmother was cross-examined extensively by Mother. No issue of abuse was raised or confirmed in that cross-examination. Grandmother‘s daughter, Danielle Finn, who was also cross-examined extensively by Mоther, testified that Grandmother has a good relationship with Mr. Pyles, that Mr. Pyles is a very good man, that Mr. Pyles and Grandmother are good to her three children, and that Mr. Pyles is listed as an emergency contact for her and her children because of his reliability, and that she had no hesitation whatsoever leaving,
and does regularly leave, her threе children with Grandmother and Mr. Pyles.
18. Notwithstanding Mother‘s claims concerning Mr. Pyles, Mother allowed Child to regularly visit, and take week long vacations, including Spring Break of 2017, with Grandmother and Mr. Pyles through June of 2017.
19. Mother has intentionally denied visitation of Grandmother with Child from June of 2017 through the present time. Mother stated that she intends to continue to deny visitation due to the сoncerns about drug use/overdose and abuse of over the counter medications. She does not feel it is safe to leave her child with Grandmother at this time.
20. Grandmother seeks visitation with Child one weekend each month as she had enjoyed prior to June of 2017. Grandmother also seeks one week each year during Child‘s Spring or Summer breaks, and for six hours on a day near or on Christmas Day, Thanksgiving Day, her birthday and Child‘s birthday.
B. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW.
21.
[Indiana Code Section] 31-17-5-1 provides for grandparent visitation....222.
[Indiana Code Section] 31-17-5-2 directs the Court to determine what is in the best interests of Child. The Court is also directed by[Indiana Code Section] 31-17-5-2 to consider whether Grandmother has or has attempted to have meaningful contact
with Child.3 Grandmother has had meaningful contact with Child for seven of Child‘s seven and one-half years of life. Grandmоther has attempted to have meaningful contact with Child following June of 2017 through the present time.
23. The Indiana Supreme Court ... held in In re M.L.B., 983 N.E.2d 583, 586 (Ind. 2013) that there is a presumption that a fit parent‘s decision about grandparent visitation is in the child‘s best interest, and that special weight should be given a fit parent‘s decision. A grandparent, however, is entitled to rebut the presumption, particularly with evidence that the parent has allowed visitation, which should be given some weight. M.L.B., 983 N.E.2d at 589; R.W. v. M.D., 38 N.E.3d 993, 998 (Ind. 2015). Ultimately, a court must determine whether the grandparent, who has the burden of proof, has established that visitation is in the grandchild‘s best interest. M.LB., 983 N.E.2d at 586; R.W., 38 N.E.3d at 998.
24. Mother and Father are fit parents, although Father is a parent completely absent from the life of Child. Both Mother and Father state that it is not in Child‘s best interest to visit Grandmother. Special weight is given to their decision. The Court does not find that it is in Child‘s best interest to have Court ordered grandparent visitation with Grandmother. R.W., 38 N.E.3d at 1000; J.P. v. R.C., 51 N.E.3d 380 (Ind. Ct. App. 2016).
Appealed Order at 3-7 (underlining omitted). Grandmother now appeals.
[5] Grandmother contends that the trial court erred in denying her petition for visitation with Child. Initially, wе observe that “grandparents ‘do not have the legal rights or obligations of parents,’ and ‘do not possess a constitutional liberty interest in visitation with their grandchildren.‘” McCune v. Frey, 783 N.E.2d 752, 755 (Ind. Ct. App. 2003) (quoting Swartz v. Swartz, 720 N.E.2d 1219, 1222 (Ind. Ct. App. 1999)). “In contrast, parents do have a ‘constitutionally recognized fundamental right to control the upbringing, education, and religious training of their children.‘” Id. at 755-56 (quoting Swartz, 720 N.E.2d at 1222). The right of grandparents to seek visitation is not grounded in common law, but is a product of legislation. R.W., 38 N.E.3d at 998. “Grandparent visitation statutes are a legislative recognition that a child‘s best interest is often served by developing and maintaining contact with his or her grandparents.” Swartz, 720 N.E.2d at 1221. “When drafting the Grandparent Visitation Act, the legislature had to balance two competing interests: the rights of parents to raise their children as they see fit and the rights of grandparents to participate in the lives of their grandchildren.” Id. at 1222.
[6] “Whenever a trial court enters an order on a petition filed under the Grandparent Visitation Act, the trial court is required to issue specific findings and conclusions in its decree.” In re Visitation of A.D., 18 N.E.3d 304, 309 (Ind. Ct. Aрp. 2014) (citing
[7] Grandmother concedes that the trial court‘s findings are supported by the evidence, including the finding that Mother and Father are fit parents. “Trial courts are to ‘presume that a fit parent‘s decision is in the best interests of the child’ in deciding whether to grant or deny a grandparent‘s request for visitation.” Hicks v. Larson, 884 N.E.2d 869, 875 (Ind. Ct. App. 2008) (quoting Crafton v. Gibson, 752 N.E.2d 78, 96 (Ind. Ct. App. 2001)), trans. denied. “Acting
[8] Grandmother argues that there is a “disconnection” between the trial court‘s findings and its conclusion that it is not in Child‘s best interests for Grandmother to have visitation, noting that the court “did not accept Mother‘s allegations at face value, and entered specific findings which rebutted her objections” to Grandmother‘s visitation with Child. Appellant‘s Br. at 17.4 The relevant question is not whether Grandmother rebutted Mother‘s stated reasons for denying visitation, but whether Grandmother rebutted the presumption that Mother‘s decision to deny visitation is in Child‘s best interests. This is a subtle but important distinction, especially since the trial court was required to give special weight to Mother‘s decision.
[9] The trial court found that Mоther intended to continue to deny Grandmother visitation due to concerns about drug use, which were prompted in no small part by Grandmother‘s medication-related accident in October 2016, less than a year before Mother terminated visitation.5 The trial court also found that, notwithstanding Mother‘s concerns about Pyles, Mother allowed Child to
[10] Affirmed.
Bailey, J., concurs.
Brown, J., dissents with opinion.
Kristina M. Finn, Appellant-Petitioner, v. Patricia Murphy and Kelly Mitchell, Appellees-Respondents
Court of Appeals Case No. 18A-MI-184
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
June 29, 2018
Brown, J., dissenting.
[12] Further, the trial сourt entered findings which specifically responded to Mother‘s stated reasons for objecting to Grandmother‘s request for visitation. The court found that in 2016 Grandmother was treated for a shoulder injury, was prescribed medication, became drowsy while driving alone and struck a guard rail causing no physical injury, and immediately discontinued use of her mеdication, and that, notwithstanding Mother‘s claims concerning Grandmother‘s drug use, Mother did not terminate visitation with Grandmother until June of 2017 when Mother was separated from Stepfather. The court also found, with respect to Mother‘s concerns regarding Pyles, that Mother offered no testimony concerning any physical or mental abuse of Child by Grandmоther or Pyles, that Grandmother was cross-examined extensively by Mother, that no issue of abuse was raised or confirmed in that cross-examination, and that, notwithstanding Mother‘s claims related to Pyles, Mother allowed Child to regularly visit and take week-long vacations including during spring break of 2017 with Grandmother and Pyles through June of 2017. The court also found that Grandmother seeks visitation with Child one weekend each month as she had enjoyed prior to June of 2017, one week
[13] I would conclude, notwithstanding the special weight given to a fit parent‘s decision regarding nonparental visitation, that the trial court‘s findings, including those regarding Mothеr‘s objections to Grandmother‘s request, the significant bonding between Grandmother and Child, the extent of Grandmother‘s visitation and regular and meaningful contact with Child from Child‘s birth in March of 2010 until June of 2017, and that Mother has denied all visitation to Grandmother since June of 2017, do not support its judgment denying Grandmother‘s petition. For the foregoing reasons, I would reverse the trial court‘s denial of Grandmother‘s petition.