Jindal Poly Films Limited of India v. United StatesJindal Poly Films Limited of India v. United States
OPINION AND ORDER
[Remanding the U.S. Department of Commerce‘s final results in the administrative review of the antidumping duty order on polyethylene terephthalate film, sheet, and strip from India.]
Dated: March 11, 2019
Sonia Orfield, Trial Attorney, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S. Department of Justice, of Washington, DC, argued for Defendant. With her on the brief were Joseph H. Hunt, Assistant Attorney General, Jeanne E. Davidson, Director, and Patricia M. McCarthy, Assistant Director. Of counsel on the brief was Kristen E. McCannon, Attorney, Office of the Chief Counsel for Trade Enforcemеnt and Compliance, U.S. Department of Commerce, of Washington, DC.
Barnett, Judge: Plaintiff Jindal Poly Films Limited of India (a.k.a. Jindal Poly Films Ltd. (India)) (“Plaintiff” or “Jindal“) challenges certain aspects of the U.S. Department of Commerce‘s (“Commerce” or “the agency“) final results in the administrative review of the antidumping duty order on polyethylene terephthalate film, sheet, and strip (“PET film“) from India. See Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet, and Strip from India, 83 Fed. Reg. 6,162 (Dep‘t Commerce Feb. 13, 2018) (final results on antidumping duty admin. review; 2015-2016) (“Final Results“), ECF No. 18-4, and the accompanying Issues and Decision Mem., A-533-824 (Feb. 6, 2018) (“I&D Mem.“), ECF No. 18-5;1 Compl., ECF No.
Defendant United States (“Defendant” or “the Government“) urges the court to sustain the agency‘s Final Results. See generally Confidential Def.‘s Resp. to Pl.‘s Mot. for J. on the Agency R. (“Def.‘s Br.“) at 10-14, 17-23, ECF No. 26. Defendant-Intervenors DuPont Teijin Films, Mitsubishi Polyester Film, Inc., and SKC, Inc. did not respond to Plaintiff‘s arguments. See Letter to Court (Sep. 17, 2018), ECF No. 24. The court heard oral argument on February 13, 2019. See Docket Entry, ECF No. 43. For the reasons discussed below, the court remands the Final Results.
BACKGROUND
Jindal was one of two mandatory respondents in the 2015-2016 administrative review of the antidumping duty order on PET film from India. See Selection of Respondents for Individual Examination (Nov. 2, 2016) at 5, CR 3, P.R. 16, CJA Tab 4, PJA Tab 4. In its response to Section B of Commerce‘s initial questionnaire, Jindal stated that it provides the following post-sale billing adjustments, discounts, and rebates to its customers:
- Short Billing Adjustment (BILLADJ1H)
- Excess Billing Adjustment (BILLADJ2H)
- Early Payments Discount (EARLYPYH)
- Quantity Discount (REBATE1H)
- Financing Charge Discount (REBATE3H)
- VAT/CST Discount (REBATE4H)
- Monthly Rebate & Other Credit Notes (REBATE5H)
- Exclusive Dealer Discount (REBATE6H)
Initial Sec. B and C Questionnaire Resp. of Jindal (Dec. 20, 2016) (“Sec. B Resp.“) at 27-38, CR 19-21, PR 43, CJA Tab 5, Suppl. CJA Tab 1, PJA Tab 5, Suppl. PJA Tab 1. Jindal claimed that its post-sale discounts are “within the scope of accepted price adjustments” because they “are known to its customers at the time the sale is made” and “these adjustments have been granted by [Commerce] in previous administrative reviews with respect to Jindal.” Id. at 32. Jindal provided a sample copy of its sales policy that included the terms of the claimed adjustments as well as various exhibits purporting to reflect sample calculations of the rebates and copies of credit notes. See id., Exs. B-16—B-26.
Commerce published its preliminary results on August 7, 2017. Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet, and Strip from India, 82 Fed. Reg. 36,735 (Dep‘t Commerce Aug. 7, 2017) (prelim. results and partial rescission of antidumping duty admin. review; 2015-2016) (“Preliminary Results“). In the Decision Memorandum aсcompanying the Preliminary Results, Commerce stated that “in accordance with
7809 HMGUPADJ = (BILLADJ1H + BILLADJ2H + . . .); /* Price adjustments to be added to HMGUP */
7810 HMDISREB = EARLPYH + REBATE5H; /* Discounts, rebates & other price */
7811 /* adjustments to be subtractеd from HMGUP - Post-sale price adjustments are not allowed */
Jindal‘s Prelim. Home Market SAS Program Log (Aug. 11, 2017) (“Prelim. SAS Log“) at 91, CR 126, CJA Tab 9, PJA Tab 9; see also Analysis Mem. for the Prelim. Results (July 31, 2017) at 4, CR 63, PR 123, CJA Tab 8, PJA Tab 8.
On August 23, 2014, Plaintiff filed a letter with Commerce asking the agency to either explain why it had denied Plaintiff‘s reported price adjustments or issue a supplemental questionnaire to Plaintiff to “clarify the record of this case” since Commerce had granted Jindal‘s reported price adjustments “in all prior reviews.” Req. for Clarification of Prelim. Results of Review (Aug. 23, 2017) (“Pl.‘s Req. for Clarification“) at 2, PR 65, CJA Tab 10, PJA Tab 10. Commerce responded that it had inadvertently omitted a footnote from its preliminary memoranda indicating that Jindal “did not meet the criteria . . . for post-sale rebates and adjustments” because its responses to the agency‘s initial questionnaire “did not provide information on any of the [] factors” set forth in Modification of Regulations Regarding Price Adjustments in Antidumping Duty Proceedings, 81 Fed. Reg. 15,641 (Dep‘t Commerce, Mar. 24, 2016) (final rule) (“Final Modification“). Letter from Commerce to Jindal Re: 2015-2016 Admin. Review of PET Film from India (Sept. 25, 2017) (“Sept. 25, 2017 Letter“) at 1 & nn.1-2, PR 74, CJA Tab 11, PJA Tab 11.
Two days later, Plaintiff submitted its case brief to the agency arguing that (1) Commerce‘s preliminary decision to deny Jindal‘s post-sаle price adjustments without adequate explanation was arbitrary and capricious and unsupported by substantial evidence; (2) Jindal‘s Section B responses addressed the Final Modification factors; and (3) Commerce was statutorily required to issue a supplemental questionnaire to provide Jindal an opportunity to cure any purported deficiencies in its responses. Admin. Case Br. (Sept. 27, 2017) (“Pl.‘s Admin. Case Br.“) at ECF pp. 110-11, PR 76, CJA Tab 12, PJA Tab 12. Jindal requested that Commerce either explain the reasons for denying its reported post-sale price adjustments and permit supplemental briefing to address the issue or issue a supplemental questionnaire to Jindal. Id. at ECF p. 112-13.
Commerce published its final results on February 13, 2018. See Final Results. Commerce explained that it granted the following post-sale price adjustments in accordance with the Preliminary Results: Payment Discount (EARLYPYH), Short Billing Adjustment (BILLADJ1H), Excess Billing Adjustment (BILLADJH2H) and Monthly/Other Credit Notes Rebate (REBATE5H). Analysis Mem. for the Final Results (Feb. 6, 2018) (“Final Analysis Mem.“) at 2-4, CR 144, PR 82, CJA Tab 13, PJA Tab 13. For the final results, Commerce also granted the Quantity Discount (REBATE1H) and VAT/CST Discount (REBATE4H) “because: 1) the terms were set prior to the sales, 2) proper timing of the adjustment, and 3) a showing of legitimate transactions.” I&D Mem. at
We continue to determine that the information on the administrative record does not meet the criteria spelled out in the Final Modification. The Financing Charges Discount does not meet the criteria (1) where terms and conditions were set prior to sale; (3) the timing of the adjustment; and (5) any other factors tending to reflect on the legitimacy of this claimed adjustment, specifically the business sense of this adjustment. The Exclusive Dealer Discount also does not meet the criteria (1) where terms and conditions were set prior to sale; (3) the timing of the adjustment; and (5) any other factors tending to reflect on the legitimacy of this claimed adjustment, specifically the business sense of this adjustment. . . . [T]he burden is on the respondent [to] provide information relevant to support its questionnaire response.
Final Analysis Mem. at 6.
JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW
The court has jurisdiction pursuant to
832 F.3d 1367, 1377 (Fed. Cir. 2016) (the agency‘s experience and expertise are not a substitute for the required explanation).
DISCUSSION
I. Commerce‘s Denial of Two Post-Sale Price Adjustments
A. Legal Framework
To determine whether subject merchandisе is being sold at less than fair value, Commerce compares the export price or constructed export price of the subject merchandise to its normal value. See generally
The regulations define a “price adjustment” as “a change in the price charged
(1) [w]hether the terms and conditions of the adjustment were established and/or known to the customer at the time of sale, and whether this can be demonstrated through documentation; (2) how common such post-sale price adjustments are for the company and/or industry; (3) the timing of the adjustment; (4) the number of such adjustments in the proceeding; and (5) any other factors tending to reflect on the legitimacy of the claimed adjustment.
Id.
B. Parties’ Arguments
Plaintiff argues that Commerce failed to articulate its reasons for granting certain adjustments and denying others, and this failure renders Commerce‘s decision unsupported by substantial evidence and contrary to law.4 Pl.‘s Br. at 9, 11. Plaintiff contends that Commerce‘s decision with respect to the first factor—whether the terms of the adjustment were set or known to the customer at the time of sale—is internally inconsistent because Plaintiff provided the same sample copy of its sales policy for all the claimed adjustments. See id. at 10; Pl.‘s Reply at 4. With respect to the third and
fifth factors—the timing of the adjustment and any factor “tending to reflect on the legitimacy of the claimed adjustment“—Plaintiff contends that Commerce‘s decision fails to explain Commerce‘s path of reasoning and why Plaintiff‘s questionnaire responses were insufficient to satisfy these criteria. Pl.‘s Br. at 10-11; Pl.‘s Reply at 4-5.
The Government contends that Jindal, as the party claiming the adjustment, failed to meet its burden of establishing eligibility for the adjustment. Def.‘s Br. at 10. According to the Government, Jindal failed to provide evidence regarding the first and third factors and failed to explain whether the discounts “were legitimate adjustments.” Id. at 11. The Govеrnment further contends that “Jindal did not offer any specific arguments with respect to individual post-sale adjustments in its case brief.” Id. at 11 (quoting I&D Mem. at 2 n.6).
C. Commerce Failed to a Provide Reasoned Explanation for Denying the Post-Sale Price Adjustments
Commerce has not provided the required explanation for its determination to allow the court to apply the standard of
Regarding the first factor, the Government argues that Jindal failed to support its claim that “the terms and conditions of the adjustment[s] were established and/or known to the customer at the time of sale” with supporting “documentation.” Def.‘s Mem. at 11 (quoting Final Modification, 81 Fed. Reg. at 15,645). In its Section B response, however, Jindal stated that all its claimed adjustments “are known to its custоmers at the time the sale is made and[,] in many situations, the customers have been availing of the price adjustments for several years.” Sec. B Resp. at 32. Jindal also provided the same sample copy of its sales policy for all the claimed adjustments, including the two that Commerce denied. Id. at 31-32 & Ex. B-16. Commerce did not explain why that documentation sufficed for some of the claimed adjustments but not others.6
Regarding the fifth factor, the Government contends that Jindal failed to establish that the Exclusive Dealer Discount and Financing Charge Rebate Discount “had a legitimate business purpose,” like the other six adjustments that Commerce granted. Def.‘s Br. at 12 (citing Final Analysis Mem. at 3-6). However, Commerce only addressed this factor for three of the six adjustments that it granted, and even then, it only made a specific finding regarding that factor for one of the adjustments. See Final Analysis Mem. at 3-5.7 Before the court, the Government claims that “Jindal explained the business purpose” for all of the adjustments that Commerce did not address, Def.‘s Br. at 13 (citing Sec. B Resp. at 27-29); however, Commerce did not cite or rely on the explanations provided in the brief and, more importantly, Commerce did not explain why Jindal‘s explanations for the two denied аdjustments were distinct from the other explanations.8
must be supported by substantial evidence on the record. Based on Commerce‘s conclusory statements, the сourt cannot discern the path of Commerce‘s decision-making nor determine that it is supported by substantial evidence. See NMB Singapore Ltd. v. United States, 557 F.3d at 1319 (“[W]hile its explanations do not have to be perfect, the path of Commerce‘s decision must be reasonably discernable to a reviewing court.“); see also CS Wind, 832 F.3d at 1377. Therefore, this matter must be remanded for Commerce to reconsider Jindal‘s claims for post-sale price adjustments for Exclusive Dealer Discounts and Financing Charge Rebate Discounts, taking account of the evidence and arguments on record, and to provide the reasоns supporting its redetermination.
II. Commerce‘s Decision Not to Issue to Jindal a Supplemental Questionnaire
A. Legal Framework
Pursuant to
determines that a response to a request for information . . . does not comply with the request, [Commerce] shall promptly inform the person submitting the response of the nature of the deficiency and shall, to the extent practicable, provide that person with an opportunity to remedy or explain the deficiency in light of the time limits established for the completion of investigations or reviews.
If the respondent‘s subsequent submission is also deficient or untimely, Commercе may “disregard all or part of the original and subsequent responses,” subject to section 1677m(e).
As noted above, in addition to these statutory obligations placed on the agency, Commerce has regulated that it “will not accept a price adjustment that is made after the time of sale unless the interested party demonstrates, to the satisfaction of [the agency], its entitlement to such an adjustment.”
B. Parties’ Arguments
Plaintiff asserts that Commerce was required to issue a supplemental questionnaire if it found Jindal‘s questionnaire response regarding the two price adjustments to be inаdequate. Pl.‘s Br. at 15. Plaintiff also complains that Commerce did not provide adequate notice of the specific information required to receive a post-sale price adjustment pursuant to the methodology announced in the Final Modification. Id. at 15-16. The Government argues that Commerce did not request that Jindal claim eligibility for a post-sale price adjustment and, therefore, Jindal did not submit a deficient response within the meaning of
C. Commerce Must Provide Jindal an Opportunity to Clarify or Supplement its Questionnaire Responses
Commerce‘s failure to articulate its reasoning for denying two of Jindal‘s post-sale price adjustments limits the court‘s ability to review whether an alleged deficiency in Jindal‘s questionnaire response was a factor in Commerce‘s decision making. Nevertheless, for the reasons discussed below, if Commerce determined that Plaintiff‘s questionnaire response was deficient in some regard, or that Commerce needed clarification of the response regarding the adjustments, the agency should have issued a supplemental questionnaire to Plaintiff.
Commerce stated that it was denying certain post-sale price adjustments in the Preliminary Results because Jindal‘s questionnaire responses “did not provide information on any of the [] factors” laid out in the Final Modification. Sept. 25 Letter at 1. This statement is inaccurate9 and Plaintiff subsequently made two efforts to obtain clarification as to how Commerce interpreted the Final Modification fаctors and what additional information was necessary to satisfy those factors. See Pl.‘s Req. for Clarification; Pl.‘s Admin. Case Br. at ECF p. 112.
It is undisputed that a respondent seeking a post-sale price adjustment to normal value bears the burden of establishing its entitlement to such adjustment. See Fujitsu Gen. Ltd. v. United States, 88 F.3d 1034, 1040 (Fed. Cir. 1996). This burden properly rests with the respondent because it is the party in possession of “the necessary
information.” Id. at 1040. However, this placement of the burden comes with an understanding that a respondent has sufficient notice of what information is considered necessary to allow it to meet its burden. Although the preamble tо the Final Modification contained a list of factors Commerce may consider to determine whether to grant a post-sale price adjustment, Commerce indicated that it would apply these factors on a case-by-case basis in light of the evidence and arguments on the record. See Final Modification, 81 Fed. Reg. at 15,644-45. While Commerce may conduct such a case-by-case analysis, it may not fail to engage with a respondent attempting to address the factors in good faith. Under these circumstances, in which Jindal responded to Commerce‘s questions regarding рrice adjustments and attempted to address the Final Modification factors, Commerce was obligated to inform Jindal of the nature of any deficiency and, to the extent practicable, provide Jindal with an opportunity to remedy or explain the deficiency. See
The court is unpersuaded by the Government‘s argument that section 1677m(d) is inapplicable because Commerce did not specifically request Plaintiff to establish entitlement to these post-sale price adjustments and, thus, Plaintiff‘s response did not fail to comply with a request for information. Def.‘s Br. at 18. In Section B оf the initial questionnaire, Commerce requested that Jindal “report the unit value of each rebate given,” “explain [its] policy and practice for granting rebates,” and “describe the terms and conditions of each
The Government‘s reliance on ABB, Inc. v. United States, 41 CIT __, 273 F. Supp. 3d 1200 (2017) for its claim that Commerce is not required to issue a supplemental questionnaire to a respondent seeking a favorable adjustment that fully complied with an information request, see Def.‘s Br. at 19; Oral Arg. at 26:48-27:16, is unavailing.10 In ABB, the respondent mislabeled its data, did not attempt to fix the alleged labeling error prior to Commerce issuing its final determination, and did not identify its own error until it filed ministerial error allegations. 273 F. Supp. 3d at 1211-12. The issue in ABB was whether Commerce was required to correct the alleged error, not whether it was obligated to issue a supplemental questionnaire. ABB, therefore, is readily distinguished.
The Government might have considered ABB, Inc. v. United States, Slip Op. 18-156, 2018 WL 6131880 (CIT Nov. 13, 2018) to be slightly more relevant. See Oral Arg. at 35:40-36:00 (quoting language from ABB, 2018 WL 6131880, at *11). There, the court agreed with the Government that Commerce was not obligated to issue a supplemental questionnaire pursuant to
aware of the deficiency in the questionnaire response because it was the only participant in the review that knew what would satisfy its unarticulated criteriа.
Even if Commerce determined that Jindal fully complied with a request for information, but Commerce did not understand the information, Commerce had the opportunity to issue a supplemental questionnaire seeking clarification of any ambiguities in the information. The Government‘s brief and statements at oral argument indicate that Commerce might have benefitted from a request for clarification of certain information in Jindal‘s responses and documentation Jindal submitted. See Def.‘s Br. at 11-12 (selecting several quotes from Jindal‘s Section B responses and arguing that Jindal “did not explain” what it meant by them); Oral Arg. at 40:15-40:38, 40:50-41:16 (making similar arguments and stating that Jindal‘s responses were unclear and “not intelligible” to Commerce); id. at 23:06-23:14 (arguing that it was not clear whether Jindal had shared its sales policy with anyone).
Commerce is obligated “to carry out its statutory duty of ‘determining dumping margins as accurately as possible.‘” Huzhou Muyun Wood Co., Ltd. v. United States, 41 CIT __, 279 F. Supp. 3d 1215, 1224 (2017) (quoting NTN Bearing Corp. v. United States, 74 F.3d 1204, 1208 (Fed. Cir. 1995)). As stated above, Commerce must calculate normal value using the “price at which the foreign like product is first sold . . . for consumption in the exporting country,”
Accordingly, on remand, Commerce must provide Jindal an opportunity to clarify or supplement its responses to address Commerce‘s application of the Final Modification in this case with respect to the Exclusive Dealer Discount and Financing Charges Discount.
III. Jindal‘s Procedural Due Process Claim
A. Legal Framework
When Commerce makes a preliminary determination in an administrative review, it must “publish the facts and conclusions supporting that determination” and “publish notice of that determination in the Federal Register.”
B. Parties’ Arguments
Plaintiff contends that Commerce‘s failure to provide an adequate explanation for its decision in the Preliminary Results deprived Jindal of its due process rights and an opportunity to comment meaningfully on the preliminary decision. Pl.‘s Br. at 13. The Government responds that Commerce identified the adjustments that it granted in the preliminary SAS Log and explained the legal basis for its decision in the September 25, 2017 letter in response to Jindal‘s request. Def.‘s Br. at 15 (citing Prelim. SAS Log. At 91; Sept. 25, 2017 Letter). It further argues that Jindal received and used its opportunity to file a brief pursuant to
C. Jindal‘s Procedural Due Process Claim is Moot
Jindal‘s claim that it was deprived of notice and meaningful opportunity to be heard is moot as a result of the court‘s remand order. Jindal has made its objections to Commerce‘s determination and Commerce must now reconsider its determination in light of those objections. No further remedy would be available to Jindal if the court were to agree with its due process claim.
CONCLUSION
In accordance with the foregoing, it is hereby
ORDERED that Commerce‘s Final Results are remanded so that Commerce may reconsider or further explain its denial of the Financing Charge Discount and the Exclusive Dealer Discount price adjustments in accordance with Discussion sections I and II above;
ORDERED that Commerce shall file its remand results on or before June 10, 2019; and it is further
ORDERED that subsequent proceedings shall be governed by USCIT Rule 56.2(h); and it is further
/s/ Mark A. Barnett
Mark A. Barnett, Judge
Dated: March 11, 2019
New York, New York