178 Ind. 282 | Ind. | 1912
Appellee applied to the Board of Commissioners of the County of Howard for a license to sell intoxicating liquors as a beverage in the city of Kokomo. Appellant filed a remonstrance, which alleged, in brief, that by order of said board of commissioners a local option election had been held in said city of Kokomo, under the act approved February
It is first insisted by appellant that appeals only lie from final judgments of the boards of commissioners, and that no final judgment was rendered by the' board of commissioners in this cause, and that appellee’s remedy was not by appeal from the action of the board, but by mandamus to compel the board to render final judgment in said proceeding.
It appears from the record that the Board of Commissioners of the County of Howard, at its February term, 1911, made an order on a petition to said board under the local option law, approved February 3, 1911 (Acts 1911 p. 8), that an election be held under the provisions of said law, to determine whether “the sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage should be prohibited” within the limits of the city of Kokomo in said county; that according to the tally sheets kept by the election clerks and the certificates of the votes made by the judges and inspectors of election of the various precincts in said city and filed with the county auditor, there was a majority of twenty-eight votes east and counted in favor of prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors in said city; that at the meeting of the election commissioners held under said act it was claimed that the tally sheet and certificate of the vote signed by the inspectors and judges of the third precinct of the fourth ward in said city, showing 110 votes in favor of prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage in said city and seventy-four votes against prohibiting such sale, were erroneous; that on oral testimony said election commissioners found that there were cast in said precinct seventy-four votes for prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage in said city and 110 votes against prohibiting such sale; that the board of election commissioners instead of placing in their certificate the number of votes cast in said precinct, as shown by the returns of the election officers of said precinct, placed therein the number of votes cast for and against prohibiting the sale of intoxicating
One McCutcheon, a person interested in opposing the prohibition of the sale of liquor in said city, appeared before said board of commissioners and answered, denying the statement of said Jay, and also filed’ a counter-statement, charging that many illegal votes were cast and counted at said election in favor of prohibiting such sale in said city, and that a majority of the legal'votes cast was against prohibiting such sales, and praying that the board so find, order and adjudge.
Said board of commissioners thereupon heard evidence for five days, and heard argument of counsel, and made a finding and order in said cause, wherein it was found, adjudged and declared that the result of said election was and is that the majority of the legal votes cast at said election was in favor of prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage in said city.
The court below held that the Board of Commissioners of the County of Howard had no power to hear or to determine the question whether a majority of the legal votes east was
Appellant contends (1) that under the local option law the duties of the election commissioners are purely ministerial, that they have no power to decide as to the truth of the returns made to them by the election officers of the different precincts, that they can only perform the act of tabulating the votes of said precincts as they come to them and make return thereof to the board of county commissioners; (2) that the board of commissioners has the power and jurisdiction to go behind said return, to investigate, hear evidence and declare the result of the election according to “a majority of the legal votes cast”; (3) that such declaration of the result cannot be collaterally attacked.
Article 3, §1, of the Constitution provides: “The powers
It is evident that the duties of the election commissioners in canvassing the returns of said election and certifying the result to the board of county commissioners are purely ministerial. They perform the act of tabulating the votes of the different precincts as returned to them, and have no power to hear evidence or determine any question as to the validity of the election held or the votes cast, or to change such returns. Kunkle v. Coleman (1910), 174 Ind. 315, 321, 92 N. E. 61, and authorities cited; 10 Am. and Eng. Ency. Law (2d ed.) 746; 15 Cyc. 379-382. It follows that said election commissioners had no power to hear oral testimony and change the result of the election in the third precinct of the fourth ward of said city as shown by the tally sheet and certificate of the inspector and judges of said precinct, but that they should have canvassed and certified the vote as shown by the return of the election officers of said precinct.
There was no provision in any of said acts expressly giving any power to contest any election held under any of said acts, nor was there any provision expressly giving to the election officers, board of canvassers or board of county commissioners any power to hear evidence or purge the polls, nor was any express provision made for any adversary proceedings or the hearing of any evidence other than the statement of the vote filed with the county auditor in such eases.
In cases under such acts, as here, it was contended that the board of commissioners had no power to go behind the vote as returned by the election officers and inquire into the truth of the same, but this court held that the board of commissioners has such power and also the power to hear and determine a contest of such election and any objections thereto and adjudge the number of legal votes cast, and the result of said election as determined by the legal votes cast. Board, etc., v. Conner, supra, and cases cited; Strebin v. Lavengood (1904), 163 Ind. 478, 71 N. E. 494.
In Goddard v. Stockman (1881), 74 Ind. 400, the railroad aid act was involved, and the contention was that the board of commissioners had no power to go behind the return of the election filed with the county auditor, and this court, at
In Board, etc., v. Conner, supra, the act for the construction of free gravel roads was involved, and the contention was, as in this case, that the board of commissioners was bound by the vote as certified by the election officers. This court at page 492, said: “ It is evident from an examination of the provisions of said act of 1893, as amended by the act of 1895, concerning the construction of free gravel roads, that, under said act, as under the act of 1869, authorizing counties and townships to aid in the construction of railroads, it is the majority of the legal votes cast at the election that controls the action of the board of commissioners, and not the majority returned by the officers of the election. It is clear, therefore, from what was said in the case of Goddard v. Stockman [1881], 74 Ind. 400, that the board of commissioners of Monroe county had the right to go behind the vote as returned by the election officers, and inquire into the truth of the same, and that appellee had the right to appear before said board, at the proper time, and contest the result of said election as returned by the officers thereof. ’ ’
If in the local option law, instead of providing for an election to determine once for all whether the board of commissioners and courts should be deprived of jurisdiction to grant license to sell intoxicating liquors as a beverage in the terri
Under the local option law it is the majority of the “legal votes” cast at the election that determines whether the board of county commissioners and courts shall have jurisdiction to grant a license to any person to sell intoxicating liquors as a beverage within the territory where the election is held, and not the majoiity returned by the election commissioners and filed with the county auditor. Acts 1911 p. 12, §7. It is evident that the Board of Commissioners of the County of Howard had the power to go behind the returns of the eleclion commissioners made to said board and filed with the county auditor, and inquire into the truth of the same, and that appellant had the right to appear before said board at the proper time and contest the result of said election, as
The provisions of the acts for the purchase of toll roads, for the construction of free gravel roads, and for aid to railroads, concerning the elections held thereunder and certifying the result to the board of county commissioners, and the
As the local option law under which said election was held authorized the board of commissioners of Howard county to declare the result of said election, the declaration of said board, that the same was in favor of prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage in the city of Kokomo, was and is, therefore, conclusive against the collateral attack made in this case.
The local option law of Pennsylvania, enacted in 1872, provided that a return of the result of local option elections should be made by the election officers to the clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions of the peace of the proper county, duly certified as required by law, which certificate should be laid before the judges of said court at its first meeting after said election, and should be filed with the other records of the court. Said local option law also provided that “when it shall appear from the election returns that there is a majority against license it shall not be lawful for any court or board of license commissioners to issue any license for the sale of intoxicating liquors,” etc. In Rauch v. Commonwealth (1875), 78 Pa. St. 490, it was insisted that the courts of that state were not bound to take judicial notice of the result of an election held under said statute. The court said on page 493: “The act of 1872 is a general law, applicable to the whole state; the election under it is to be governed by the general election laws; the result is to be duly certified and returned to the clerk of the Court of Quarter Sessions; the certificate must be laid before the judges of the Court of Quarter Sessions at the first meeting of the court after the election, and filed of record, and the judges are then to be governed by the result of the vote upon the question of granting licenses, and must, therefore, take judicial cognizance of the right to have a license. Thus, by the very terms of the law, the court is bound to know'judicially whether the treasurer could grant a valid brewers’ license after the result of the vote had been judicially ascertained. Besides, on general principles, a court will take judicial notice of many'
In Mitchell v. State (1911), 115 Md. 360, 80 Atl. 1020, 1023, the law provided for an election to be held “for the purpose of determining the question as to whether or not any license shall be granted in Worcester County for the sale therein of” intoxicating liquors, and that “if it shall appear from the returns of said election that a majority of the votes cast were against the sale of intoxicating liquor,” that the supervisors of election give notice of such returns in one or more newspapers,” etc., and that “it shall not be lawful for any license to sell” intoxicating liquors “to be issued in” said county, etc. The court held that whether said local option act was adopted and operating in said county was a preliminary question for the court and not for the jury, that the court was bound to take judicial notice of its adoption, citing Slymer v. State (1884), 62 Md. 237; Mackin v. State (1884), 62 Md. 244; Crouse v. State (1881), 57 Md. 327, and Jones v. State (1887), 67 Md. 256, 10 Atl. 216.
In Yirginia the law provided for submitting to the voters of the “several counties, corporations and magisterial districts” the question of whether or not license for the sale of intoxicating liquors should be issued. Said law provided that the official canvassers should canvass the returns of the election officers and certify the number of votes cast for and against license, a copy of such certificate “in either case to be laid before the county or corporation court, as the case may be, at its next term.” It was also provided that “if a majority of votes was against license, that no license shall be granted for the sale of intoxicating liquors.” In Savage v. Commonwealth (1888), 84 Va. 582, 5 S. E. 563, and in Thom
In Combs v. State, supra, it was insisted that the question of the result of a local option election is a question of fact to be determined by the jury. The court said on page 783: “It provides further that this notice shall
be entered on the minutes of the superior court, and it shall be competent evidence to show when the act took effect. ‘ Courts are created to administer and enforce the law. Therefore they do and must take judicial cognizance of all laws. Whether the law was in existence is for them to say, just as fully as it rests with them to say whether the indictment is good or bad, or that the evidence to prove the offence alleged is legally admissible or otherwise. To the courts alone belongs the right of saying whether a statute is in force or not.’ Slymer v. State [1884], 62 Md. 237. The law itself having provided that the result of the election should be placed upon the minutes of the superior court, and that that entry should be competent evidence to show when the act went into effect, and the judge below having these minutes before him, there was no error in his reading from the minutes and instructing the jury, as a matter of law, as to when the act went into effect. It is the duty of the judge to know the law, especially to know the law of the counties in his own circuit. If he should be ignorant of the local law enacted by the legislature for any county in his circuit, or any county where he may preside, it would be his duty to inform himself of what the law is. If the act of the legislature does not inform him as to when it went into effect, then he can look to the means provided by this act to inform himself. If the act provides that the clerk shall announce the result of the election and place it on the minutes of the court, he may look to that. If the act provides, as many of them do, that the return should be made to the ordinary of the county
In Oglesby v. State (1904), 121 Ga. 602, 49 S. E. 706, it was held that the courts will take judicial notice of the result of a prohibition election, whether the same was held under the general local option liquor law or a local act providing for such election, citing Woodard v. State (1897), 103 Ga. 496, 498, 30 S. E. 522.
In Gay v. City of Eugene (1909), 53 Or. 289, 295, 100 Pac. 306, 308, 18 Ann. Cas. 188, the court cited Combs v. State, supra, with approval, for the reason that the result of the local option election was required to be made a matter of record in the court originally having jurisdiction of the cause involving the inquiry.
Where a public law provides for its acceptance by the votes of a city, the courts take judicial notice of its acceptance at a special election held in accordance with its provisions. Prince v. Crocker (1896), 166 Mass. 347, 358, 44 N. E. 446, 32 L. R. A. 610. See, also, State, ex rel., v. Stearns (1898), 72 Minn. 200, 219, 75 N. W. 210, and authorities cited; Prohibitory-Amendment Cases (1881), 24 Kan. 700, 715; Brown v. Piper (1875), 91 U. S. 37, 42, 23 L. Ed. 200; Gardner v. Collector (1867), 6 Wall. 499, 18 L. Ed. 890; Evans v. Browne (1869), 30 Ind. 514, 519, 521, 95 Am. Dec. 710; Sherman v. Story (1866), 30 Cal. 253 89 Am. Dec. 93; State, ex rel., v. Wheeler (1909), 172 Ind. 578, 582 583, 89 N. E. 1, 19 Ann. Cas. 834, and case cited.
The cases cited, in which it is held that the court is bound to take judicial notice of the result of local option elections, are criminal cases. There are much stronger reasons for holding that courts must take judicial notice of the result of local option elections in proceedings to obtain license to sell intoxicating liquors as a beverage than in criminal prosecutions.
If a majority of the legal votes cast at said election should be in favor of prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage in said territory, the local option law provides that “it shall thereafter be unlawful for said commissioners or any court to grant a license to any person for the sale of intoxicating liquors in such territory, ’ ’ etc. Under such circumstances neither the board of commissioners nor the courts on appeal have jurisdiction of proceedings to obtain license to sell intoxicating liquor in such territory.
Under the local option law the return of the result of the local option election made by the election commissioners is filed with the county auditor, who is the clerk of the board of county commissioners, and has the custody of its records. Said return is filed as a part of said proceeding before the board of commissioners. The board declares the result as determined by the majority of the legal votes cast at such election, and that declaration is entered in the record of said board as a part of the proceedings under said local option
As the result of said election was against the sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage, by the express provisions of the local option law it was made unlawful for the court below on appeal to grant any person license to sell intoxicating liquors in the city of Kokomo. The court below., therefore, had no jurisdiction to grant such license, and like the board of commissioners it was bound to take judicial notice thereof, and that it was made unlawful by said act for it to do so. The judgment of the court below granting license to appellee, being unlawful and without jurisdiction, was void.
It follows that the court below, instead of granting appellee license to sell intoxicating liquors as a beverage, should have dismissed his proceeding, on the ground that it had no jurisdiction to grant him such license, on account of the result of said local option election as declared by the board of commissioners. The court therefore erred in overruling appellant’s motion for a new trial.
Note.—Reported in 98 N. E. 349. See, also, under (1) 11 Cyc. 405; (2) 23 Cyc. 138; (4) 26 Cyc. 173; (5) 11 Cyc. 389; (6) 1913 Cyc. Ann. 2539; (7) 23 Cyc. 102; (8) 36 Cyc. 1153; (10) 23 Cyc. 101; (11) 23 Cyc. 102; (12) 23 Cyc. 103; (13) 16 Cyc. 869; 23 Cyc. 91; (14) 2 Cyc. 537. As to when mandamus is the proper remedy against public officers, see 98 Am; St. 863. As to the facts of which courts will take judicial notice, see 124 Am. St. 20. Upon the control by mandamus of decision of licensing officer as to fitness of applicant, see 27 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1195. As to judicial notice of local option elections, see 18 Ann. Cas. 191.