139 Mass. 308 | Mass. | 1885
The evidence at the trial tended to show that the several defendant corporations formed an association or company under the name of the “ Erie and North Shore Despatch Fast Freight Line,” for the transportation of merchandise between Boston and Chicago; that the association had an agent in Boston, who was authorized to receive goods at Boston for transportation over the line to Chicago, and to give bills of lading or contracts for transportation like the one upon which the plaintiff sues; that the plaintiff delivered goods to such agent, and received the bill of lading in suit, and that a part of the goods were lost between Boston and Chicago.
By the bill of lading, the “ Erie and North Shore Despatch ” contracts to carry the goods from Boston by the Fitchburg Railroad, and thence by the Erie and North Shore Despatch, to Chicago, and there to deliver them to connecting railroad lines, to be forwarded to Denver, their destination. The several railroad companies which form the association are not named in the contract. It is a single and indivisible contract, by which the Erie and North Shore Despatch Line agrees to carry the goods to Chicago, the freight to be earned upon the delivery there to the connecting line. So far as the question in this case is concerned, it is unlike those cases where a railroad forming one link in a line of connecting roads between two points receives goods to be transported over its line and delivered to the connecting road, in which it has been held in this Commonwealth that each railroad in the continuous line is liable only for loss or damage happening on its own road. Darling v. Boston & Worcester Railroad,
The defendants formed a company, and in its name made a special contract to carry the plaintiff’s goods from Boston to Chicago. They are, so far as the plaintiff is concerned, partners, and liable jointly and severally for any loss or damage to his goods between Boston and Chicago, unless they are exempted from liability by the terms of the contract. Hill Manuf. Co. v. Boston & Lowell Railroad, 104 Mass. 122. The principal difficulty in this case is as to the true construction of the contract of carriage. It contains the provision, that, in case of loss or damage to the property received, “whereby any legal liability or responsibility shall or may be incurred, that company shall alone be held answerable therefor in whose actual custody the same may be at the time of the happening thereof.” It also contains a provision, that, in case of loss' or damage of any of the goods “ for which either of said companies may be liable, it is agreed that said company shall have the benefit of any insurance effected ” thereon by the owner.
The defendant contends that the expression “ that company,” in the clause above cited, means that railroad company in any part of the continuous line between Boston and Denver; so that, although the plaintiff’s loss occurred between Boston and Chicago, that railroad company in whose" custody the goods were when lost is alone liable. This is not the necessary, and we do not think it is the fair, construction of the defendants’ contract. By it, the Erie and North Shore Despatch, as a company, undertakes to carry the goods to Chicago, and there to deliver them to a connecting line. The several railroads which constitute this company are not named or referred to in the contract. It is in the same terms as if the Erie and North Shore Despatch had been a single railroad corporation, with a road from Boston to Chicago.
In other parts of the contract, the expressions “this company” and “said company” are used in connections which clearly show that they refer to the Despatch Company, and not to any railroad company between Boston and Chicago. Thus
The words “ said company,” or “ said companies,” used in the clause as to insurance and in other places, by their natural interpretation, refer to companies which have previously been named. We cannot see why the words “ that company ” in the clause we are considering should receive a different construction from that given to equivalent or similar words in other parts of the contract. The plaintiff was dealing with the Despatch Company alone for the transportation as far as Chicago. He did not know the parties who composed that company, and entered into no separate contract with either of them. He had the right to interpret the words “ that company ” as meaning the Despatch Company, and not a railroad company nowhere named in his contract. The effect of this interpretation is, what seems to have been in the minds of the parties, to release the Despatch Company from liability after it had carried the goods to the end of its route, according to its contract, and had delivered them to the connecting carrier, and to hold it liable to the point to which it had assumed and contracted to transport the goods as a common carrier.
We are of opinion that this is the fair construction of the contract, and therefore that the learned justice who presided at the trial in the Superior Court erred in directing a verdict for the defendants. Exceptions sustained.