52 A.3d 903
Me.2012Background
- George was convicted of intentional or knowing murder and conspiracy to commit murder in a joint trial with Williams.
- George conspired with Williams and Cassimy prior to the 2008 murder of her husband in Old Orchard Beach during a simulated home invasion.
- George testified before the York County grand jury on July 7 and September 2, 2008; she was not advised of her right against self-incrimination and was not told she was a potential suspect.
- After indictments, the State moved to join George, Williams, and Cassimy for a single trial; Williams moved to sever, which the court denied.
- George moved to suppress her grand jury testimony; the court denied the motion; Cassimy pled guilty and testified for the State; Williams testified for the defense.
- At trial, George did not testify; the jury found George and Williams guilty of murder and conspiracy; sentences were imposed concurrently.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether grand jury suppression was properly denied | George asserts statements were involuntary and rights were violated. | George contends lack of warnings and coercive grand jury setting. | Denial affirmed; grand jury warnings not constitutionally required and testimony voluntary. |
| Whether severance was required for mutually antagonistic defenses | George argues joint trial with Williams prejudiced her defense. | Williams argues severance needed due to antagonistic defenses. | Joint trial permissible; no abuse in declining severance. |
| Whether indictment sufficiently charged murder and accomplice liability | Indictment failed to state elements of murder as principal or accomplice. | Indictment properly charged murder; accomplice liability need not be named separately. | Indictment sufficient; conviction valid under principal or accomplice theory. |
| Whether the evidence was sufficient to sustain murder and conspiracy convictions | Cassimy's testimony was credible and supported by other evidence. | Cassimy’s testimony was unreliable and conflicting. | Evidence sufficient to uphold murder, accomplice liability, and conspiracy convictions. |
| Whether the use of a cooperating witness rendered the conviction fundamentally unfair | Cassimy had motive to lie due to plea agreement. | Safeguards (cross-examination, disclosure, credibility instructions) mitigated risk. | No fundamental unfairness; safeguards were adequate. |
Key Cases Cited
- State v. Williams, 2012 ME 63 (Me. 2012) (concurrent opinion; joint trial strategy context)
- United States v. Washington, 431 U.S. 181 (U.S. 1977) (grand jury privileges and target warnings principles)
- Mandujano v. United States, 425 U.S. 564 (U.S. 1976) (grand jury warnings not always required; awareness of Fifth Amendment rights)
- Hoffa v. United States, 385 U.S. 293 (U.S. 1966) (cooperating witness credibility and due process safeguards)
- Zafiro v. United States, 506 U.S. 534 (U.S. 1993) (mutually antagonistic defenses in joint trials)
- State v. Lavoie, 1 A.3d 408 (Me. 2010) (voluntariness factors and totality of circumstances)
- Dodge, 2011 ME 47 (Me. 2011) (standard of review for suppression rulings)
