410 P.3d 877
Kan.2018Background
- In April 2011 Jermaine Daniel committed attempted kidnapping and domestic battery; he pled no contest and was sentenced in December 2011.
- Between the offenses and sentencing, KORA was amended (effective July 1, 2011) to impose lifetime violent-offender registration for certain offenses; the State argued the amendment applied to Daniel.
- At sentencing Daniel's counsel conceded that registration was required and, relying on precedent, agreed the 2011 amendment could be applied retroactively and result in lifetime registration.
- The district court ordered lifetime registration; Daniel appealed after obtaining new counsel and reversed position, arguing retroactive lifetime registration violated the Ex Post Facto Clause and alternatively that public notification should be limited to 10 years.
- The Court of Appeals declined to reach the merits, holding Daniel invited the error on the Ex Post Facto claim and failed to preserve the public-notification/10-year claim; this Court granted review and affirmed on preservation grounds.
Issues
| Issue | Daniel's Argument | State's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Whether Daniel can challenge retroactive lifetime KORA registration under the Ex Post Facto Clause despite defense counsel's concession at sentencing. | Retroactive lifetime registration violates the Ex Post Facto Clause; 10-year rule should apply. | The sentencing concession waived/chose not to contest retroactivity; no preserved claim. | Court: claim not preserved/invited error; appeal barred. |
| 2. Whether public-notification portion of KORA violates the Ex Post Facto Clause requiring only 10 years of public registration. | Under Myers, public notification is punitive; only 10 years of public registration should apply. | Claim not preserved below; appellate review not permitted. | Court: unpreserved; not reviewed. |
| 3. Whether exceptions to the rule against raising constitutional issues for the first time on appeal apply. | Exceptions should allow review of constitutional challenge despite lack of preservation. | No exceptions were invoked or explained; Rule 6.02(a)(5) applies. | Court: Daniel failed to assert an exception; failure is fatal. |
| 4. Whether invited error doctrine prevents appellate review when defense counsel conceded legal point at sentencing. | Concession should not bind appellant if concession was incorrect application of law. | A party cannot raise an unpreserved constitutional claim on appeal absent an asserted exception. | Court: invited error/preservation rules strictly enforced; claim rejected. |
Key Cases Cited
- State v. Godfrey, 301 Kan. 1041 (warning that constitutional claims ordinarily must be preserved and exceptions must be asserted)
- State v. Williams, 298 Kan. 1075 (enforcing preservation requirements under Rule 6.02(a)(5))
- State v. Myers, 260 Kan. 669 (addressing punitive effect of public notification under offender registration)
- State v. Hankins, 304 Kan. 226 (standard of review for invited error questions)
- State v. Jones, 298 Kan. 324 (plenary review of preservation issues)
- State v. Beltz, 305 Kan. 773 (noting exceptions to preservation rule must be asserted)
- Bogguess v. State, 306 Kan. 574 (affirming on a single preservation ground)
