677 F.Supp.3d 1252
D. Utah2023Background
- Southern Utah Drag Stars (Drag Stars) and performer Mitski Avalōx applied for a special-event permit to hold a family-friendly "Allies Drag Show" in a St. George public park; the City denied the permit for "advertising" before final permit issuance and then imposed a 6‑month moratorium on new special-event applications.
- City Code §§ 3-10-3 and 3-10-4(c) prohibit promoting or advertising a special event before permit issuance; the City had never enforced that advertising prohibition before March 2023.
- After complaints about the drag event, City staff investigated pending applicants and found many had "advertised." The City subsequently exempted most identified violators (recurring or "City-sponsored" events) and amended the ordinance to allow retroactive exemptions.
- Drag Stars’ permit was abruptly denied (based on a vendor-platform post), its administrative appeal to the City Council was denied, and Drag Stars sued in federal court alleging First and Fourteenth Amendment violations.
- The court found the advertising prohibition and moratorium to be vague, overbroad, and (as applied) unconstitutional prior restraints and discriminatory in enforcement; it granted a mandatory preliminary injunction ordering the City to reverse the denial, issue a permit for June 30, 2023 (Sunbowl or JC Snow per plaintiffs’ election), and enjoining enforcement of the advertising rules and moratorium as to plaintiffs.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standing / Mootness | Denial injured speech; court relief would redress | No prior app for June 30; relief moot | Standing exists; case not moot; relief may include new date |
| Advertising prohibition — Overbreadth / Vagueness | Undefined "advertise/promote" chills broad protected speech; deters organizers | Protects public order, avoids promoter losses | Likely unconstitutional as overbroad and void for vagueness |
| Advertising prohibition — Prior restraint / Viewpoint discrimination | Absolute advertising ban is prior restraint; enforcement targeted drag speech | Content-neutral safety/children protection interest | Prior restraint unconstitutional; evidence shows discriminatory, pretextual enforcement |
| Moratorium — Overbreadth / Prior restraint | City-wide six-month ban on all new public-event permits overly broad and unnecessary | Needed to study park use and craft regulations | Likely unconstitutional as overbroad/prior restraint as applied to plaintiffs |
| Remedy / Mandatory injunction | Reverse denial and order issuance for June 30 event | Mandatory injunction is extraordinary and alters status quo | Court granted mandatory injunction: reverse denial, issue permit for June 30, enjoin enforcement as to plaintiffs |
Key Cases Cited
- Grosjean v. Am. Press Co., 297 U.S. 233 (discusses constitutional protections for press and speech)
- Freedman v. State of Maryland, 380 U.S. 51 (prior restraints bear a heavy presumption against validity)
- FW/PBS, Inc. v. City of Dallas, 493 U.S. 215 (licensing schemes must avoid undue delay; time limits required)
- Forsyth Cnty. v. Nationalist Movement, 505 U.S. 123 (permits and fees that permit unfettered official discretion are invalid)
- Perry Educ. Ass'n v. Perry Loc. Educators' Ass'n, 460 U.S. 37 (public‑forum analysis)
- Brown v. Ent. Merchants Ass'n, 564 U.S. 786 (government interest in protecting children has limits; nonobscene speech remains protected)
- Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 (establishes obscenity standard)
