Nunnally v. State, 310 Ga. App. 183

Officer observed Nunnally fail to signal on two occasions as required by law;
Traffic stop occurred and a backup K-9 unit was dispatched for safety;
K-9 alerted to narcotics inside Nunnally’s vehicle after being walked around it;
Nunnally was detained, then searched;
Marijuana was found on the person and on the driver’s floorboard;
Trial court denied suppression and convicted Nunnally of the marijuana offense; the traffic offense conviction was challenged on sufficiency.

Issue	Plaintiff's Argument	Defendant's Argument	Held
Sufficiency of evidence for turn-signal violation	Nunnally contends officer credibility issues; he alleges signaling;	State argues jury could reasonably credit officer’s testimony;	Traffic conviction upheld on sufficiency of evidence.
Suppression of marijuana as fruit of illegal seizure	Detention extended beyond the traffic stop without justification;	Dog sniff during stop was permissible under Terry;	Marijuana evidence suppressed; convict for marijuana reversed.
Validity of drug-dog sniff during a valid traffic stop	Prolonged detention lacked reasonable suspicion;	Dog sniff justified by ongoing traffic investigation;	Detention not properly justified; dog sniff unlawful.

Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (U.S. 1979) (standard for proving sufficiency of evidence)
Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806 (U.S. 1996) (temporary traffic stops treated as seizures; Terry framework)
Salmeron v. State, 280 Ga. 735 (Ga. 2006) (permissible during valid traffic stop for dog sniff; purpose of stop controls)
Williams v. State, 264 Ga. App. 199 (Ga. App. 2003) (detention duration and drug-search consent depend on diligent pursuit of traffic investigation)
Boyd v. State, 300 Ga. App. 455 (Ga. App. 2009) (brief detention with independent basis to suspect other wrongdoing)
Caballes v. Illinois, 543 U.S. 405 (U.S. 2005) (dog sniff during lawful stop does not violate Fourth Amendment when no additional intrusion)