199 A.3d 426
Pa. Super. Ct.2018Background
- Greco worked 15 years for Myers Coach; her duties included ensuring bus drivers were legally qualified to drive.
- Driver Berardinelli had a pacemaker on April 4, 2012; he sought to resume driving on April 27 and produced a May 9, 2012 PennDOT letter suggesting eligibility.
- Greco contacted PennDOT multiple times and was advised a two-month post‑surgery waiting period applied (i.e., not eligible until June 5); she relayed that to management and the driver.
- Management (including David Myers and supervisor Barry Bradosky) criticized Greco; her husband, also an employee, was fired after confronting management; Greco was then terminated.
- Greco sued under Pennsylvania’s Whistleblower Law and for common‑law wrongful discharge; the trial court awarded her $2,400 and attorneys’ fees.
- The Superior Court vacated the judgment and remanded for entry of JNOV for Myers Coach, concluding Greco failed to prove a protected report of ‘‘wrongdoing’’ under the Whistleblower Law and failed to state a public‑policy wrongful discharge claim.
Issues
| Issue | Plaintiff's Argument | Defendant's Argument | Held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whether Greco made a protected report of "wrongdoing" under the Whistleblower Law | Greco: she reported that Myers would have illegally permitted an unqualified driver on the road; her PennDOT contacts prevented an imminent statutory violation | Myers: no actual violation occurred; Greco only clarified PennDOT guidance and did not report an employer law violation | Held: No. The report must identify an actual violation of law/regulation; here no violation occurred and Greco conceded she did not report a specific employer legal violation. |
| Whether Greco’s termination states a common‑law wrongful discharge in violation of public policy | Greco: she was fired for performing her safety‑related job duties and preventing a legal violation | Myers: at‑will employment; termination was lawful and non‑contrary to recognized public‑policy exceptions | Held: No. Termination for insisting on compliance did not fit the narrow public‑policy exceptions that overcome at‑will employment. |
Key Cases Cited
- Bailets v. Pennsylvania Turnpike Comm'n, 123 A.3d 300 (Pa. 2015) (Whistleblower Law protects reports identifying violations of law or regulation)
- Riggio v. Burns, 711 A.2d 497 (Pa. Super. 1998) (reports too general/vague do not constitute statutory "wrongdoing")
- Sukenik v. Township of Elizabeth, 131 A.3d 550 (Pa. Commw. Ct. 2016) (report must identify law allegedly violated; objective test requires an actual violation)
- United Envtl. Grp., Inc. v. GKK McKnight, LP, 176 A.3d 946 (Pa. 2017) (standards for JNOV review)
- Shamnoski v. PG Energy, 858 A.2d 589 (Pa. 2004) (appellate standard: view record in light most favorable to verdict winner)
- Mikhail v. Pennsylvania Org. for Women in Early Recovery, 63 A.3d 313 (Pa. Super. 2013) (limited public‑policy exceptions to at‑will employment)
- Johnson v. Resources for Human Development, Inc., 789 F. Supp. 2d 595 (E.D. Pa. 2011) (report must specify how conduct is illegal; mere concerns or employer inaction insufficient)
