PROCEDURAL AND FACTUAL HISTORY
Plaintiff, WFIC, LLC, initiated the current action against multiple defendants alleging: (1) conversion
Martin may cause the proper recordation of this Collateral Assignment and Security Interest and any Uniform Commercial Code filing to perfect Martin’s collateral assignment and security interest.
Id. Acting on the language of the Assignment, Turner filed a UCC-1 financing statement on October 26,2001 in order to perfect Martin’s security interest in the Bayer proceeds. However, this financing statement expired on October 26, 2006 when Turner failed to file the necessary UCC-3 continuation statement within the requisite five years.
On June 24,2005, PDI obtained a verdict against Bayer for $12.5 million. Unsatisfied with the outcome, both parties appealed the award, which was later affirmed-plus interest-by the Third Circuit Court of Appeals in 2009. During the appeal, PDI acquired investors in order to fund its legal fees by establishing the “Bayer Litigation
Once the award was finalized, the funds were dispersed in October 2009 to June 2010 in the following order: (1) attorneys fees, which included the Litigation Fund investors, (2) amounts owed to the government, and (3) other secured creditors in order of priority. Martin did not receive any funds. PDI concluded that Martin’s security interest was unperfected due to his failure to file a UCC-3 financing statement after the expiration of the initial financing statement, and, therefore, disbursed the remaining funds to creditors with higher priority than Martin. In turn, Martin filed a malpractice case against his attorney, Turner, for causing his security interest to have lapsed. Martin ultimately reached a settlement with Turner, and Turner’s malpractice carrier West Chester Fire Insurance Company, for Turner’s policy limit of $1 million in 2011. The settlement required that Martin assign his claim from the Bayer litigation to his insurance company which established the entity WFIC (“plaintiff’) for the sole purpose of receiving the assignment. The assignment covered “any and all rights, claims and causes of action (based upon tort, contract, violation of statute, or otherwise) which Martin has or may have with regard to the PDI Loan Documents and the Bayer Lawsuit Proceeds, and against all persons and entities responsible for or involved in the distribution of the Bayer Lawsuit Proceeds and against all persons and entities who received any of the Bayer Lawsuit Proceeds (collectively, the “Assigned Claims”) all WITHOUT RECOURSE to
Pursuant to a request by the court appointed special master, Peter F. Vaira, Esquire, the parties submitted additional briefs on three bifurcated issues: (1) whether Larry Martin (“Martin”) perfected a security interest in the proceeds of the Bayer litigation and if so, was that security interest superior to all other security interests in the proceeds of the Bayer litigation at the time it was perfected; (2) If the answer to question 1 is yes, whether that security interest thereafter continued to be superior to all other security interests in the proceeds of the Bayer litigation; and (3) whether, the assignment of Martin’s rights to the proceeds of the Bayer litigation from Martin to WFIC was a valid assignment capable of being enforced by the court. Court order (Aug, 19, 2013).
DISCUSSION
In order to determine the first issue — whether Martin had a perfected security interest in the proceeds of the Bayer litigation — the court must analyze whether Martin’s interest was automatically perfected in 2001. “Perfecting” a security interest is a vital step in collecting from a debtor because it has the effect of establishing and protecting the priority of the lender. See 13 Pa. C.S. §9322(a); see also Dollar Bank v. Swartz, 657 A.2d 1242, 1244 (Pa. 1995). In order to perfect a security interest one must file a financing statement, unless an exception applies. For example, a security interest may be able to avoid the filing
As defined in 13 Pa. C.S. §9102, a “payment intangible” is a subset of “general intangible under which the account debtor’s principal obligation is a monetaiy obligation.”
Virtually any intangible right could give rise to a right to payment of money once one hypothesizes, for example, that the account debtor is in breach of its obligation. The term “payment intangible,” however, embraces only those general intangibles “under which the account debtor’s principal obligation is a monetary obligation.”
13 Pa.C.S.A. §9102 cmt. 5.d. (emphasis in original).
First, the terms of the contract between PDI and Bayer do not themselves create a payment intangible for PDI. PDFs contract with Bayer was for the sale of goods. Bayer’s principal obligation was to provide PDI with machinery, and in consideration, PDI was to make payment on it. Ultimately, Bayer breached the contract by providing defective machinery. While this may give rise to a financial award, delivering faulty goods does not automatically convert Bayer’s obligation into a primarily monetary one.
Second, and more importantly, PDFs assignment to Martin of the anticipated proceeds from PDFs lawsuit against Bayer is not a payment intangible either. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court previously confronted the issue of an assignment of anticipated proceeds in a condemnation lawsuit in which the court held it to be a general intangible; it would be entitled to priority, establishing its perfection, only after the filing of a financing statement. See Sams v. Redevelopment Auth. of City of New Kensington, 436 Pa. 524, 529, 261 A.2d 566, 568 (1970). “Courts uniformly hold that, under the UCC, proceeds of an anticipated recovery from an impending lawsuit constitute general intangibles,” and consequently, “the proceeds of a resulting settlement agreement are also considered general intangibles.” First Am. Bank Valley v. George J. Hegstrom Co., Inc., 551 N.W.2d 288, 292 (N.D. 1996). Payment intangibles require an obligation, and the mere hope of receiving a favorable judgment does
For a payment intangible to exist, there must be a “monetary obligation.” When the debtors pledged to appellants their interest in potential settlement proceeds, the alleged tortfeasors had no obligation to pay debtors anything. At that point there had been neither a settlement nor a judgment....Until there is a contractual obligation to pay a judgment, a tort claim cannot be a payment intangible because the required “monetary obligation” is lacking.
In re Cohen, 305 B.R. 886, 904 (B.A.P. 9th Cir. 2004). Although that case involves a claim of personal injury, the court’s rationale on the need for a then-existing obligation is directly on point to the case at hand.
Based upon the foregoing, this court holds that Martin failed to renew a security interest in the anticipated proceeds of the Bayer litigation, and therefore the general intangible assigned to WFIC, LLC did not maintain priority over other defendants’ security interests. Martin and his attorney did not file the necessary financing statement to prevent the interest from lapsing, and WFIC may not bypass those requirements by deeming its interest to be a payment intangible. In light of this decision, the court need not address the issue of whether Martin’s assignment to WFIC was valid and enforceable by the court as it would have no bearing on the disbursement of funds.
CONCLUSION
Based on the foregoing, WFIC is not entitled to any portion of the Bayer proceeds as it did not hold a superior perfected security interest over other secured creditors.
ORDER
And now, this 7th day of November, 2013, it is hereby,
ORDERED
that based upon a review of the submissions of the parties, WFIC, LLC did not have a perfected security interest in the proceeds of the Bayer litigation and therefore did not maintain priority as against other secured creditors.
. Against all defendants except Wells Fargo, jointly and severally.
. Against all defendants except Wells Fargo, jointly and severally.
. Against PDI.
. Against all defendants except McKissock and Wells Fargo.
. Against Ardeleigh Partners, Hitschler, PDI, Peoples, and Wells Fargo
. PDI alleged that Bayer machinery, for which PDI relied upon to maintain its business, had malfunctioned, resulting in PDFs insolvency. The complaint also included allegations of fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, misappropriation of confidential commercial information, unfair competition, and breach of disclosure agreement.
. General intangibles is defined as “[a]ny personal property, including things in action, other than accounts, chattel paper, commercial tort claims, deposit accounts, documents, goods, instruments, investment property, letter-of-credit rights, letters of credit, money and oil, gas or other minerals before extraction. The term includes payment intangibles and software.” 13 Pa. C.S. §9102.
. This court readily acknowledges that it is not bound by In re Cohen, but is incorporating its analysis due to a lack of relevant precedent in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
