In this case we are asked to determine whether the conduct of the prosecutor which led to defendant’s successful motion for a mistrial was intended to provoke defendant into moving for a mistrial, therefore invok
FACTS
On or about October 26, 1989, a riot occurred at the State Correctional Institution at Camp Hill. At that time defendant, Raymond Mitchell, was an inmate at SCIC. On that same date two individuals broke into MOD no. 1 at SCIC, and one of those two individuals was identified as Mitchell. Subsequently, charges were brought against him.
A preliminary hearing was held on January 30, 1990. The trial was to be held during trial term on June 18, 1990. On Thursday, June 21, 1990, the prosecutor informed defense counsel that the witness Lamont Anderson might be called to testify. The prosecutor explained that if Anderson was called, he would be called to identify the co-defendant Frederick Singleton, not Mitchell. On June 25, 1990, in the judge’s chambers and on the record, the prosecutor once again reiterated the same statement. When Anderson was called to testify, however, he identified Mitchell along with Singleton.
Believing that his identification was a spur of the moment identification, defense counsel cross-examined him as to when he first identified Mitchell. Anderson replied that he had identified him at a photographic line-up. At sidebar and in the judge’s chambers, the prosecutor admitted that there was evidence in the file of the photographic line-up, but this was the first time he (the prosecutor) had ever seen it. Defense counsel motioned for a mistrial which was granted.
Defense counsel then filed a motion to dismiss for double jeopardy. An evidentiary hearing was scheduled for August 16, 1990.
Defense counsel then called Anthony Arthur’s defense counsel. Arthur was an inmate at SCIC who, like Mitchell, was charged with participation in the SCIC riots. Arthur’s counsel testified to similar actions taken by the prosecution. Defendant alleges that based on the similarity of both cases, there is a pattern of intentional misconduct.
DISCUSSION
Due to the United States Supreme Court’s decision in Oregon v. Kennedy, 456 U.S. 667 (1982), we feel that it is necessary to begin our analysis of double jeopardy with a distinction between mere prosecutorial error and overreaching which “signals the breakdown of the integrity of the judicial proceeding, and represents the type of prosecutorial tactic which the double jeopardy clause was designed to protect us against.” Commonwealth v. Starks, 490 Pa. 336, 416 A.2d 498 (1980).
In Commonwealth v. Simons, 514 Pa. 10, 522 A.2d 537 (1987) the court held that administrative error by a prosecutor is one thing; prosecutorial overreaching which triggers double jeopardy is another. In Commonwealth v. Starks, supra, prosecu-torial misconduct was divided into two types. The first type was designed to provoke a mistrial and the second was undertaken in bad faith to prejudice the
The facts of this case clearly indicate that there was a prosecutorial error. Our decision, however, rests upon whether the error was intentional. Mitchell asserts that the prosecutor had interviewed Anderson previously and should have anticipated his testimony and that if he had not anticipated the answer, he should not have asked the question. Mitchell also asserts that the prosecutor should have known what was in the file. Based on these observations, Mitchell believes that his case is an appropriate one for dismissal.
In our view, however, Mitchell has fallen short of bringing his case within the scope of the exception in Oregon v. Kennedy, supra. While persuasive but not controlling, the court in Merriweather v. United States, 466 A.2d 853, 856 (D.C. App. 1983) held, “It is one thing to show that the prosecutor was negligent in his pretrial investigation of his witnesses, but to say that such carelessness was part of a deliberate scheme to induce the defense to move for a mistrial is non sequitur.” Our findings of fact are as follows: In the present case we had a prosecutor trying only his second case, who admits that he negligently overlooked the police report in his file which showed Anderson’s previous identification of Mitchell. We believe such an oversight to be based on negligence or inexperience but hardly the intention to deceive. When questioned about his motives for asking the question which led to the mistrial, he
ORDER OF COURT
And now, August, 16, 1990, it is hereby ordered that the motion to dismiss for double jeopardy is denied.
