After hearing oral argument, we certified the following question, an issue of first impression under Montana law and dispositive of the instant case, to the Montana Supreme Court:

Whether, under Montana law, parasitic emotional distress damages are available for an underlying negligence claim for personal property damage or loss?

Childress v. Costco Wholesale Corp. , 978 F.3d 664, 668 (9th Cir. 2020) (citing Mont. R. App. P. 15(6)(a)(iii)).

The Montana Supreme Court graciously accepted our certification request, Childress v. Costco Wholesale Corp. , No. OP 20-0526, 2020 WL 6482116 (Mont. Nov. 4, 2020), and then answered our certified question, without modification and on the facts and procedural history provided in our certification order. Childress v. Costco Wholesale Corp. , 493 P.3d 314 (Mont. 2021). The Supreme Court answered the question in the negative, explaining:

[The] Childresses did not establish the basis for parasitic emotional distress damages we approved in Maloney , where plaintiffs proved “a subjective relationship with the property on a ‘personal identity’ level.” Nothing in the facts provided to this Court indicate that the handgun was an heirloom, nor were the house keys, documents, or ammunition so intrinsically intertwined with the Childress family dynamic that without these articles their “personal identity” would be *3 irreparably impacted. Rather, under the facts as provided, the Childresses were deprived of fungible property whose value is derived from its utility, not for its intrinsic value.

Id . at 318 (citations omitted). Because the Childresses are not entitled to parasitic emotional distress damages for their underlying negligence claim, the Supreme Court’s decision requires a resolution in Costco’s favor.

Accordingly, the award of $62,750 in “unspecified, non - property damages” on the Childresses negligence claim is VACATED. ^[1] This matter is remanded to the District Court for further proceedings consistent with this Memorandum.

[**] The Honorable James Alan Soto, United States District Judge for the District of Arizona, sitting by designation.

[1] The parties raised several other issues on appeal. However, because the “unspecified, non property damages” award is vacated, those issues are moot and we decline to reach them.