STATE OF NEW JERSEY VS. CHARLES NOBLEÂ (95-08-2645, ESSEX COUNTY AND STATEWIDE)
A-3593-15T1
| N.J. Super. Ct. App. Div. | Jul 18, 2017|
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SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-3593-15T1
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
CHARLES NOBLE, a/k/a GERARD ALSTON,
a/k/a GERARD FURQUAN, a/k/a GERALD
ALSTON,
Defendant-Appellant.
______________________________________
Submitted May 23, 2017 – Decided July 18, 2017
Before Judges Leone and Vernoia.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New
Jersey, Law Division, Essex County, Indictment
No. 95-08-2645.
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney
for appellant (Anderson D. Harkov, Designated
Counsel, on the brief).
Carolyn A. Murray, Acting Essex County
Prosecutor, attorney for respondent (Frank J.
Ducoat, Special Deputy Attorney General/
Acting Assistant Prosecutor, of counsel and
on the brief).
PER CURIAM
Defendant appeals an order denying his post-conviction relief
(PCR) petition without an evidentiary hearing. We affirm.
Following a 1996 jury trial, defendant was convicted of third-
degree theft of movable property, N.J.S.A. 2C:20-3(a).1 At
defendant's May 15, 1996 sentencing, the court considered a
presentence report that had been used on January 16, 1996 in
connection with defendant's sentencing on unrelated charges. The
presentence report, however, also included a May 15, 1996 "UPDATE"
addendum prepared by the probation department. It listed the
offense for which defendant was being sentenced, the charges and
sentence in the January 1996 matter, and a gap time credit
calculation. Defendant's counsel advised the court he reviewed the
presentence report and there were no amendments or changes
required.
Defendant was sentenced on the third-degree theft conviction
to a five-year custodial term with a two-and-a-half year period
of parole ineligibility. The court ordered that the sentence run
consecutively to the custodial sentence defendant received in
1
On defendant's direct appeal we noted that his judgment of
conviction erroneously stated he was convicted of first-degree
carjacking, N.J.S.A. 2C:15-2, and directed that the judgment of
conviction be corrected. State v. Alston, No. A-7653-95 (App. Div.
June 18, 1998) (slip op. at 1, n. 1). The record on appeal does
not include a corrected judgment of conviction.
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January 1996. Defendant's conviction and sentence were affirmed
on appeal. Alston, supra, slip op. at 4.
On December 19, 2014, defendant filed a pro se PCR petition
alleging his trial counsel was ineffective because he allowed the
court to sentence defendant based on the presentence report
prepared for use in the January 1996 matter. Defendant further
alleged his sentence was illegal because the court relied on the
presentence report in the prior matter. Following the assignment
of counsel, the court heard oral argument on the petition.
In a detailed written opinion the court found the petition
was time barred under Rule 3:22-12(a)(1) because it was filed
eighteen years after entry of defendant's judgment of conviction
and defendant failed to demonstrate excusable neglect for the late
filing. The judge also addressed the merits of defendant's
petition, finding defendant did not demonstrate his attorney's
performance was constitutionally deficient or that he suffered
prejudice as a result of his counsel's alleged error. The court
entered an order denying defendant's petition without an
evidentiary hearing. This appeal followed.
On appeal, defendant makes the following arguments:
POINT ONE
THE TIME BAR OF R. 3:22-12 SHOULD NOT BE
APPLIED TO DEFENDANT'S PETITION FOR POST
CONVICTION RELIEF[.]
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POINT TWO
THE PCR COURT ERRED WHEN IT FAILED TO GRANT
DEFENDANT'S REQUEST FOR AN EVIDENTIARY
HEARING[.]
POINT THREE
THE FAILURE OF TRIAL COUNSEL TO OBJECT TO A
SENTENCE PROCEEDING THAT WAS ILLEGAL BECAUSE
IT VIOLATED R. 3:21-2 AND N.J.S.A. 2C:44-6,
WHICH REQUIRE A SENTENCING COURT TO ORDER A
PRESENTENCE REPORT, DEPRIVED DEFENDANT OF HIS
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO THE EFFECTIVE
ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL[.]
We review the legal conclusions of a PCR court de novo. State
v. Harris, 181 N.J. 391, 419 (2004), cert. denied,545 U.S. 1145
,125 S. Ct. 2973
,162 L. Ed. 2d 898
(2005). The de novo standard of review applies to mixed questions of fact and law.Id. at 420.
Where an evidentiary hearing has not been held, it is within our authority "to conduct a de novo review of both the factual findings and legal conclusions of the PCR court."Id. at 421
(emphasis
omitted). We apply those standards here.
We find no merit in defendant's argument that the court erred
by finding his petition was time barred under Rule 3:22-12(a)(1).
A PCR petition must be filed within five years of the entry of the
judgment of conviction unless the defendant demonstrates
"excusable neglect" for missing the deadline and that "there is a
reasonable probability that if the defendant's factual assertions
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were found to be true enforcement of the time bar would result in
a fundamental injustice." R. 3:22-12(a)(1).
The PCR petition must allege facts sufficient to demonstrate
excusable neglect and fundamental injustice under Rule 3:22-
12(a)(1). See State v. Mitchell, 126 N.J. 565, 577 (1992) (finding that a PCR "petition itself must allege the facts relied on to support the claim"); State v. Cann,342 N.J. Super. 93
, 101-02
(App. Div.) ("A [PCR] petition is time-barred if it does not claim
excusable neglect, or allege the facts relied on to support that
claim."), certif. denied, 170 N.J. 208 (2001). "Absent compelling extenuating circumstances, the burden to justify filing a petition after the five-year period will increase with the extent of the delay." State v. Afandafor,151 N.J. 41
, 52 (1997); see also State v. Brewster,429 N.J. Super. 387
, 400 (App. Div. 2013) (finding a
lapse of almost seven years following the five-year deadline
"undercuts a finding of excusable neglect and fundamental
injustice").
Here, defendant's petition was filed more than eighteen years
following the entry of the judgment of conviction. His petition
is devoid of any claim of excusable neglect justifying the late
filing of his petition, or facts supporting a finding of excusable
neglect. Moreover, as we will explain, defendant has failed to
show a fundamental injustice. The court therefore correctly
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determined defendant's petition was time barred under Rule 3:22-
12(a)(1). Cann, supra, 342 N.J. Super. at 101-02.
Defendant argues he is not required to show excusable neglect
because the court imposed an illegal sentence that may be
challenged at any time under Rule 3:21-10(b)(5). He asserts
imposition of the sentence resulted in a fundamental injustice.
He asserts that his sentence is illegal because the court did not
obtain a new presentence report for his May 1996 sentencing and
instead relied on the report used at his January 1996 sentencing,
as updated by the addendum. We disagree.
A court must order a presentence investigation of the
defendant before imposing a sentence, and must accord it due
consideration. N.J.S.A. 2C:44-6; R. 3:21-2(a); see also State v.
Mance, 300 N.J. Super. 37, 65 (1997) (remanding for resentencing
where the court relied on an outdated presentence report). Even
assuming the use of the updated January 1996 presentence report
violated these provisions, it did not affect the legality of
defendant's sentence.
"[A] truly 'illegal' sentence can be corrected 'at any
time.'" State v. Acevedo, 205 N.J. 40, 47 n.4 (2011) (quoting R. 3:21-10(b)(5); R. 3:22-12). "[A]n illegal sentence is one that 'exceeds the maximum penalty provided in the Code for a particular offense' or a sentence 'not imposed in accordance with law.'"Id. 6 A-3593-15T1
at 45 (quoting State v. Murray,162 N.J. 240
, 247 (2000)). A sentence "not imposed in accordance with law" includes a "disposition [not] authorized by the Code."Murray, supra
,, 162 N.J. at 247. However, "mere excessiveness of sentence otherwise within authorized limits, as distinct from illegality by reason of being beyond or not in accordance with legal authorization, is not an appropriate ground of post-conviction relief and can only be raised on direct appeal from the conviction." State v. Clark,65 N.J. 426
, 437 (1974).
In Acevedo, supra, the Court held that although the trial judge failed to state reasons for imposing consecutive sentences as required, the sentence was notillegal. 205 N.J. at 45-47
. The Court explained the "defendant's contentions regarding consecutive sentences or the absence of reasons for imposition of the consecutive sentences [did] not relate to the issue of sentence 'legality,'" and thus, were not cognizable on PCR or under Rule 3:21-10(b)(5).Id. at 47.
The same is true here. Defendant's sentence was within the
permissible sentencing range, and was authorized by the Code.
Similar to the court's failure to state its reasons for imposing
consecutive sentences in Acevedo, the court's reliance on an
allegedly outdated presentence report did not affect the legality
of defendant's sentence.
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Defendant's reliance on Mance, supra,300 N.J. Super. 37
, is misplaced. Although in Mance we remanded for resentencing where the trial court relied on a presentence report that was over fifteen years old, the issue was raised on direct appeal.Id. at 44,
65. Here, because defendant's argument regarding the failure to obtain a new presentence report "[does] not relate to the issue of sentence 'legality,'" it is not cognizable in a PCR proceeding and does not provide grounds for relief under Rule 3:21-10(b)(5).Acevedo, supra
, 205 N.J. at 47.
In any event, the presentence report here was not fifteen
years out of date. The January 1996 presentence report was updated
by the probation department with a May 15, 1996 addendum that was
current on the date of sentencing. Defendant does not offer any
information he contends would have been included in an entirely
new presentence report that was not included in the updated
presentence report relied upon by the court at defendant's
sentencing.
Defendant's remaining arguments are without sufficient merit
to warrant discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(2). We
add only the following comments.
To sustain his burden of establishing an entitlement to PCR
based on the alleged ineffectiveness of his trial counsel,
plaintiff was required to show that his counsel's handling of
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defendant's sentencing "fell below an objective standard of
reasonableness," and that there exists a "reasonable probability
that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the
proceeding would have been different." Strickland v. Washington,
466 U.S. 668, 688, 694,104 S. Ct. 2052
, 2064, 2068,80 L. Ed. 2d 674
, 693, 698 (1984); see also State v. Fritz,105 N.J. 42
, 58
(1987) (adopting Strickland standard for determination of PCR
petitions alleging ineffective assistance of counsel claims under
the New Jersey Constitution).
For the reasons stated by the PCR court, we are satisfied
defendant failed to sustain his burden of demonstrating his trial
counsel's performance was deficient and there was a reasonable
probability he suffered prejudice as a result of his trial
counsel's alleged error in permitting the sentencing court to rely
on the updated presentence report. And because defendant failed
to sustain his burden, the court did not err in denying defendant's
request for an evidentiary hearing. See State v. Porter, 216 N.J.
343, 354 (2013); R. 3:22-10(b).
Affirmed.
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