Case Information
A-i-l-ORNEY GENERAL OF TEXAS OFFICE OF THE AUSTIN is. %oode
Honorable L. Public InstructJon Stkt,e Superintendent of Toxiq
Awstln.
prorid by law' tmt1on, Who80 sd or eleote4 in authority and b, Seotion 1, prorl4ae.ae follows: "*There ie hereby oreateb the @&to Boer4 of isduca t ion. Said Boar4 #hall aoa8fet or nine members to be appointed by the Governor, with advioe snd oonmnt or the Senate.* 3, remde a8 follows: ";%rtlcle 2675b,,Zection *2 cjr the Board.* (EPrphaeZ.8 oure.) ~&lo16 3663~ reads 46 iollowe: "*The Sate Suuperinten4ent ohall it16 all reports, to &la and the St6te Bosrfi by eotuity or 0itg 60h00r 0rfi06r~, eourues pertelning publio eohool8, and doeuumte an4 paper8 transmitted ~6 ma [611] 0tm keep d 6cmp~ete index or the 66~6.' s 0r n. B. 80. 859, 6n Aat or,&he *s60tion Thirty-eighth Leglelature, Regular 8eeelon 19SS. reed6 a6 rOliOVt6 f
"'The State B6erd of BQuaatlon ie hereby de6ig6eted a6 the L3t6t6 BO6rd Or Voeatioeel Education, with neoerewy authority porrrrr with the B'ederel Board of Vsae- t6 6oop6rate tioti Xduaatlon, 68 ptsVfde6 en4 rrquilwl the said AOt of C6si&re66, b; in the a&&ri%6- the previfbioae 0r eald AOtt end tration to do 8x1 thinnge wceeeary to entitle the &ate to reoei+e the full beaetite thereof.* *The state Boer6 or Eduaetlon lkte'follow# the prae- en oath 0r orrio ,8e I6 reqtlired or all ttae or tokizq state orrloialE and boar4 menbere, whlah 08th i8 fil6d State. In additioa to thie oath, with the Beerutary t.here I6 tlleQ with Stete 8ioperinteadent~ot Pub110 Iaetructlon ae 6~ 0fria l eoretary the Board 66 oath a8 prescribed in AztiOle SWSb, Sekotlon e af the korleed Civil Statutea that the board meabere are not l sooaiated rith the textboek indqetrgia &nr of of the date Board ter V0oat10ae.l Xduaatfon have never oapaoiti68 [68] are mentioae& in ,tbis et~6tat.e. Wuber6 t*icen an 06th of orrioe~ [88] oob.
reoent 0pLnlon Ho. 0-Wle, you held that “In four
th6 State Booaril of. Esiuaation and the &ate D6partm6nt Of Iiduontion were two epeirate entltiee of goveraaent. The gueation hae.arieen as to whethnr th6 8tate~BOard,oi odua&ion und the State Bad ror Vaaetional Ed~uoet.ion are two separate entiCise oi 6overnmnt, or whether tho Stat6 Bonrd Gf Eduoation ha8 be6n given additional d&L ties by LsgioLature fnoident to the aQminietretion ~ of, stat6 and Federal Voortton%l fun&. *3 M75b, Seotloa 3, whioh I h;ive quote4 “xrticlo ab:~e, has 4esl~ato4 the State Supedntanderit be a I orriclo aoordarl of tha &State Board or Eduoatloa.
woald l&11* to know whether the Stat0 Ziuperlntendont of Yublio Instruction ie ex ofiioio aeoretmry or Board for Vooatlonal Muaatlon by virtue of the mt that the 8wkw statute nhioh Craates the Stat0 of Bduaetion also detrigmtea the State Eiupcria- i+rd tendett a8 it8 ax 0rrioi0 reorstary or roilether the &ate Boar4 for Vooatlonal Bbuaation an4 State Board or JCduo~tioa are tro aeparatr eatltlea gotemnmt nod whether the etatate rhioh aontrola tbe mmbsrehlp of the &ate Board of fduoation and deelgnstor It8 ex orrioio reoretarg la not epplloable to the &ate Boar4 Eduoatlon whether tar Vooatlonal the State Bawd r0r vocational Eduoatioo nay replace ex orrid aeoretary by a board order.”
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS - PAST'AND PRESENT: Art.iolc 7, seotion 8, state Oonstltutlon 1876, read as follower
“The~CbV4zPOlp, Oomntrollor an4 SeamtarT 0r state ehall~oonstltute a Bqasrd Eduoation, who shall diotribute rrald run40 to the several oountfee an4 perform euoh other duties oonoemins publla 8ohools a6 map be preooribed by law.* (gmphamir oura) By general eleotion he~ld November a, 1928, said seotlon or eaid Article wae amended to read a8 r0u0nt3:
"The Legielature ehall provide by 'Law for a State Boer4 of Mlueatlon, whose membere shall be appolated 'aleat. in suah manner and by auoh en4 ehall eerve ror suoh term as the authority Legislature shell preeoribe not to exoeed six gears.
The mid board ahall perform euah duties ae sitiy be preiaoribed by law." : (Creating Boar4 hducatloa and Board 0r &ducatlon):
(1) Before the adoption of the above aamdaent to our Constitution, .the Legieleture, by Art1018 e644, Vernon’s Anmo- tats4 Statutes, 9rovlded that;
“The Uovernor, Searetary or Ytste end Oomp- troller shall aonstltute a State Board oi Eduoatioa whloh shall hold its eeeeIone at histIn. The Governor shall be ex otiIOIo preeI&ent Of the board. The State Supertatendent ehall’be ex orilolo eeoretery or tbs (Bmpheeln ours)
Since the above emen4ment was adopted as aioreeald, the &e”sgielature hae provided ror the oreation present State .' mm-d or Educetlon, ooneIetIng or alne members to ba appointed
by the Uovernor, with the advloe eml aoneent of the Senete.The~; ‘. l uo oeeeo re to the tlret boar4 ammbere shell. be appointed for SIX
ear terme, three membere to retire on January let, bIennIally. I heir qualIiIeatio~I3, lIgibllIty, powers, duties and ooqenea- tlon are al80 fIxed. gate 19%9, Uet Lea., 8nd 0. S., 9. la, ,Chap. 10.. (Arts. E67Sb-1 to 3675b-10, V.ki 0.9)
iirth$.e &676b-3, Vernon’s Annotated Ulrll Statutee, provl4ee as r0u0w8:
*The &tat8 Soerrd Zdueatlon shall organlee by the 8lsptiOn tf one Of It8 msbere a(1 preeldent, an4 the State juperlntendent of Publlo Instruction shall be~%elo eeerettiy or the Board."
?6mphaele our;01
By irrtiole a678b-5, VeMoate Annotated OIvIl Statutes, Bonrd 0r d4uoatIon Gas l sgmwend and dIreat*& to Ia- *ai& ;itste .,mdlat.ely t&se over and Qlech~rga al.1 dutlea Iapose4 by law upon the 3omd or Educotlon then In exletence at the. tIrPa said new -ot t;ok erreat. (de Art. MM to 8475-1, V.A.C.S., ror member- ship and duties or Board then In l xleteaoe) . In a44ltIon to said tit&to i&ard or aaId dutlae, It le therein provided that aduuation “iilall WHOM eubh other duties am mar fwm time to tlq* be prrreoribed by the &gIelatur~.w to th8 fore- In difltioa UOI~U. eald &ate Boar4 0r lMuaatIon Se epeelrIoellr required to Ik l ub4IvIofon8 (a) ,- (b) i (a), (a), -erf%m those duties set forth P e1, (i), and (6) or said mtlole SNlbb-5, cab in kmtlelee Bdlsb-f3 and 2896b-9, Vernon*8 imeotnted Civil Statutes. (~~eie ok (2) - (Providing tot Vocatloonal Bdueatlon):
By kieotlon 3 or the SmIth+u@iee hot (nor 3eotlon 16, Chapter 8, Title e0, U.S.C.&), approved Pebruery’&$, 1919, Congress provided as rououet Vhat In order to eaure the be~erlte of the
approprIatIone provided ror in 88otIone two, three an4 rour or this Act, any State shall, through the 1egielatIve autborlty thereor. aoeept .the provlelone or~~thie Aot deal at0 or iareate a State Board eoneletina 0r nod&an tmmber8~. an4 hair ia6 all n~oeeeary power to cooperate as h&da pro- vided., with Federel Board for Vooatioael B;duoa- tlon In the daIaietratIon the prorIelone tble aot . The state Boar4 or %duoatIon, other board o&s&e the admlnletratlon 0r any .rtied 0r herin rooat f oeel edueatlon In the S.tate, me
ma l leot, be 5eeI ate4 es the State
purpose or~(EppheeIe ~ow~~:‘,*“‘~“” lZ3 of said Smith-Rughem Aot (noti Section 23,
thetlon Title a0, U.S.C.a), requires any Strtte, In order to reoelre Fe4erel ap+sopriatlone provlbed for thsreunder, epjolnt, by Its leglelatlve authority, its Atate Treasurer as ~uetodlan 0r
said ye&em1 appropplietlone.
H. B. 239, 33th Leg., Chap. 131, which provider for vooational eduoatlon ln Texas, end the aoceptanoe of benefit8 under the Smith-Hughe Aat, we8 approved Yarah 24, 1923fand became eirratire aase date. This 3. B. 2S9 alw valldntee prevloua acoeptenoe8 by the Stnte of mob benerltr,
titer the Steto Treasurer of all fund8 a8 ourtodien .' atate rrolp approprlutlonr under :;;:a said f,ot.
3aotlon 3 or said H. B. 2S9 reads as rollowrr *The &ate ibard Of SduCatlOn i8 heroby deel~ated [88] tke 3tato Doerd or Vooatlonal
Eduoatlon, with nooossary authority and power
to moperet wlth tho Fodoral Board of Voo8tloael Education, a# provltlad md required by 8ald in the adminlrtratlon or tho riot congre88, pro~l8lon8 Oi said AOt$ and t0 d0 au thing8 ,IlbOO8- wry to entftlo tho 8titst8 to noolvo tho full beao- rit8 therwi.* (bpha810 Ourl)
Whllo 8aid B. B. gf9 do88 not appsar in our Rot1806 Clvll Ytatotes, it ha8 been kept in iOr00 Oris& in Texar by 3aotlon b or. tho i%n8l, Tltlo thereof.
(a) - (Providing tar Voootlonal Robebilltatlon)r
The pmmotlon vooatlonal kehabl1ltatlon we8 rlr8t provldod ror by en i;Ot of Dongro88 approved June 2, 1920. Said irat aa amended ‘jU.3.C. II., Tltlo 19, Chap. r-i ha8 rocontly beon law 113, 7Sth CO?h3088, Chap. 190, tit 68881On &mendOd by Publle 0r sala COzigre88, approrod July 6, 194s.
rioetioa 3 or sald orlginsl act or Juno 2, 1920 (now jdotlon S4, a8 esendod, of Tttlo 29, U.3. C. A.), oentainl, among otherr, tho foll.owlng provl8ion8r
“hr ordor secure the benefits of the appto- priatiOA8 authorlsod by 80OtiOn 31 Ot thi8 title (seotlon 1 0r said orlgfnal diet) ary 8tato shall, throu& tho Iegl8latlvo authority thereor, (1) ao- oept th% ~rov1~10ns or seotions 3144 or *hi8 title; I--
woperrrto as heroin provided wlth tho Fed&l Security rgenay ln the adminlstr~~tlon at the qroviSion8 Ot 8OOtiOll8 3144 Of thl8 title; l * (5) appoint e8 oustodl~qf+or said appropria- tlone its Ytato Troasuror, ; Provided, that any State whloh, prior to Juno 50, 1939, ha8 ao- oeptod and otherwise oompllad with tho provision8 of WOtiOIl8 S1-44 Or thi8 tit10 8h811 be deowd to hare aooopted and aoaplled wit& tho provisions Or this 8OOtlOlI." (Eaphe8i8 Our81 By irat8 Or l!m, 4i8t kg., i8t c. S., Q* 57, aa
23 (now iirt. iZb75-1, tiOotiOn8 1 and 8, a. C. . s. 19E5), the %’ f518- latw or TCxua, aaoeptod tho provirlon8 8na bOnefit Of ssld original R&abllitatlon txot of COA~~O~?, a8 th8a amndod Juno 5, 1984, and authorlaed and apowerod the Troerurer ai Toxa8 to reoelvo 8aid Fodaral tutIdS, 8.nd * + * "to 58~ dl8buE8UaUIt8 therefrom upon tin order 0r the Stat0 Board tor'V.ooatioml .' Said State Bo&rd of Vooatloaal Eduoatlon *a# lw liduoation.* *empowered awl to oooperato with th8 teras end eondl- lnatruotod tiOn8 UPFO88ed itI the Act Or cuJUrO88 &fO~~Said."
lz~C’l?S DISCU6WD ,Thg8, m 800 that Board Eduoatloa, as orlgim8lly protfdod for in OUT ~ll8titUtiOll; *88 OOaW8d Or O&V three B- par8, ri~cr the Ooverwr, Secretary 61tate end Comptroller. Tho 8tatUtO (Art. 8664, V.A. GA.) provided that *the Governor 8hall The 8amo statute pre8idont ot board.” be OF oiiioio air rhall be ox 0rri0i0 liooro- . provided that *the Stats Superiatrnbont tary the Board gd 8hall kesp 8 0otmlete rooor6 ot all it8
roooodln a whloh rhab be 8lgaed by tho presldont end atto&d w y t o Beorotary." (~h~sls our8)
i&tot Seotlaon 8 or lirtlole 7 ot our Oon8titutlon we8 awndod 01). ETovomber 6, 1988, a8 herolnabovo ItotOd, a aew Stat0 &mrd of Pduoetlon, oompo8od ot nine m~abera, ~88 areated .by tho bgialature, tand with oertaln power8 datieo hemln pMViOU81J referred to. El. B. 79,~AOt8 Or 19i29,~ 418t Leg., 2nd G. 8.. p. *8 12, Oh. 10. (The first tell (lo,) SOOtiOn Of said hot are BOW tits. 2675b-1 to 2675b-10, v.A.c.6.). out StJtate B0QX.d of
~Eduoaflon, as now oonatituted, oame into existence by virtue or aald Act.
Khile the Governor had been dsei.gnated by the kgiS- lature (LB the ex oif 5050 prealdant of the old Board (:+rt. 2664, Pnd dlreoted by the new Board was empowered V.A.C. S.), Le~5alBt!lre *organ5m by the OleOtiOB Of one of its amber8 aa prea+mt, and the State Superlntendbnt of Pub150 Instruction (Art. 267Sb-3, shall be x offlclo eoretary of the Boerd.a Thus, while the BOW Board wae allowed to choose V.A.O. S.).
the president thereof by eleoting [0110] of its memhera as such, the State. &ipM.nteadant of Pub156 IU6itrUCtlOB was .by statute &ealgnatrd~. ae the ex+f1050 seocetory of said BOW Board, he had been ao dealgmted for t.he orlghal Board.
By t~ha Pl’OViSionS of IlrtiOle 267fib-8, VbrBOB’S ABBE- tated Civ,ll Statutea,“it le. made the duty of the Sgaw Board of Bduoation, Orehted by this Let (arts: 26775b-1 to -10, V.
A. C.S.;. to tidlatslf take over ad diaoharue all duties im- paed bf‘Dreaent laws ubon the Board oft Edkcation in ariatetme at the time this Act tak$~~~~~~~~ie.ot.W ThereSore. raid new Boar& of nlqe ammbara has superseded the old Board of -thrie members.
(See Seotion 11 of aald-El. B. 79, wh59h provides that “all laws an& part* of laws In Oontl5ot witb.rap provision are hereby repaaled.W) (Emphaala ours) of this Aot
ft should now be remembered that it wan the original three-member State Board oi Bduoation. that was deaf Board or Vooatlonal Education. (ii. B. d%H &. , ,B. S. 192a, approved Maroh 24, 192s aBd effectire M&h 24, 1923).
~. Board had been io’previouely kiter said origiptd de85 ated &a the State Board of Voootional. Eduoatlon, said then Oon85at5ng.of three members, wae em- Board. ,e '@oWered and lnetructed to promote Wtioatlonel reheb5litation in Texas by oooparatlsg with the term and aonditlona ot the Act of Cokgraaa providing for same. (Art. 2675-1, Sea. 2, V. A. C. 8. - AOta of 1929, 4lat Leg., 1st C. 3,. , p. 57,~ Chap. ,22).
It au& also be observed that, under ~the provisions oi' the Smith-Kkghea Aot hereinabove referred to, t.he Leglalatum ocdtild either, designate oreete a State board of not .le.vs khan
Eonoruble L. rl. isood8, +&e 9
t&e8 PZ&PDbe.fa as a State .Bourd Or vOOe+tiOtial Bd+OatiOB. It oreated DO @ew &oar&, ‘but d~~~:~~t~~~“,“du~~~~B~~~ 2. ~uoation as the *ate Soar a5uoe added to said Soard*a duties the prom&Ion of vooational re~b~litatlon, as oloreaa56. Therefore, instend of oreotlng a new board of not leas thaa three nembera to promote vocational eduoation and vocational rahab5l5tation in Toxaa, euoh duties were alaply added those already be$ng performed by the then ‘Board OS Eduoatlon. Furthermore. when’the new &ate Board of 6duoatlon’waa oreated, the Aot oraating it beoam erreotlve, as aSoreaa5d, it took over, by leg5aletlve aandate, all duties then lapooad ‘by law upon OrigiBa1 Board. These duties in- eluded the promt4on of vooatlonal educatton and rooatlonal re- habil5tat5o~ in Texas.. I3y statute, of Publlo IBatrUOtioB was dealguated the x-ofi5olo aeoretary tha State Superlntcadent . Said statute has never OS said new Board. (Art. 267Sb-5) born aaeadad repealed.
“The irmpoaltlon’ of add5t5onal du,tlea upon a~. existing 0ff504, to be performed under a d5tSarent title, doer not oonatftutr the .enation oi a new ofsfoe.
‘AB oSil& to whloh the duties of auodher are added remains ~te.cbnloally a ~olngle oifl.ee; it la not an orrloe under its own nau@ and title and an- other under naae of ‘the one whose datles are annexed to it.. Corpua Juria, Vol. 46, p. 934, par. 29.
, See al60 Powe31 v. Ik’ilaon, 16 Tax. 69; Klnnig I. Zimplan&n, T. 554; Allen v. U. S. Bideltty Co., ASS Ill. A 198 (affirm. 269 Ill. 234, 109 El. B. 1035); State v. Powell, lQ9 Ohio St. 983, 142 N. Ji. 401~ B~tf+5eld v. Ulngo 00. Ct., 80 Y. Va. 166, 92 S. IX. . 245. Flret Bap. Ch. v. City of Ft. Worth, (Gem. App.) 26 S. W. (+ex Sup. Ct.) 87 9. W (2&f 196; City or Hououston v. Stswsrt 663i liucaline i&dloine Co. v. k%and&d Im: Co., (Tex. Civ. A&.) 25 3. W. (26) 259; Pr. Her.; Jones v. tilexauder, 59 S. W. (26). 1080, 122 T. 328.
EoBor&bie L. A. koOSa, ‘pa&e
se0 .alao taxes tar Rer5su, Vol. lS, artlok and oltrtlo~8~in polnti ad atruotive
Vol. 29, p. 376;,et seq., under *OS?5oera,~ Key lfo. 30.
Where oerbaln dutlaa are oonterred by the Lo#lSlatUm upon a dea5gnated ~fliobr, &giulatrrrr lr the only authority uhetoby l ald duties mr bo withdram or oonierrrb upoa others. By *oortain duties” those dflgle8. uhloh the of, eouxae, ir pcuI), has p0ver Iag5akture to 00&w. Al%. 8, 8OOtiOB 1, COlUtitUtiOB of 'h&a; Bxown v. City of Galraatoa, 97 T. 9, Tb 9. W. dS8; 27 Tax. Jur.; p. 42s. par. 9. tongo5rrg, th e questlaM ubaitted In view of
in your ooauwmioatloa am anewaxed 88 foll~vrr rot
*tat. The stat. Board
by the Legla&turo, to
tk adminlatratlaa of and Fodetal toaatfonal trtada.
By rlxtw of the pxorl85on8~0$ hxtiole 8695b-3 i&otatrd Clvll Btatute8 the Mate ZWm9.atoBdent iif Vernoa*a la t&a r-ntflho 8eoretary of 8hr State Publio Inatntot5oa of any all of Board of Ydueation iri fho diaahnrge it8 du- regnfdlaea or whether it iunotlona~ as the 8teto Board of ties, Eduoatloa OF .aa the State &ax& for Voaatilonal Edwaflon.
5. The State Board or Bduoatlon,wMt~ec rUE+OtiOBiae as auoh as the atate Board t&r v0Oational~PDhtoation, ir wlth-
--” pnorab3.e L., ,+. Noode, prigs 11
out p& or authority to r@aoe the Superfntsadent of Publio Instruot’lon a8 ex-offiolo Sooratary of said Bosld.
Very truly your8 ATTOILHIR WSNIEBILL OF TBXAS COMMll-WE