You have provided us with the following information. A particular justice of the peace in Harris County was elected to a four-year term in 1982. He yas not renom:inated by the voters in his party's primary held in May of 1986. In July of 1986, the constable of that precinct died, and his widqw was appointed to fill the vacancy in office created by her husband's d,zath until a successor could be elected at the next general electior. and assume office. The aforementioned justice of the peace wab hi:; party's nominee in the general election in November to fill the dlxeased constable's unexpired term; he won the general election. On Ilovember 6, the Harris County commissioners canvassed the general election votes pursuant to section 67.016 of the Election Code and notified the justice of the peace by certificate of election of his victory ir. the constable's race. You indicate that the justice would like to complete his term of office as justice of the peace and take office as constable on January 1, 1987. Accordingly, you ask whether the justice of the peace must file his bond, take his oath, and jmmediately assume office or may wait until January 1 to assume his ne\r duties. We conclude that he must qualify for office immediately.

Article 17, V.T.C.S.., provides for the comencement of terms of office and sets forth the following:

The regular t,erms of office for all elective state, district, county, and precinct offices of the State of lexas. excepting the offices of Governor, Lieutenant Governor, State Senator, and State Representat.ive, shall begin on the first day of January next following the general election at which said respective offices are regularly filled, and those who are elected to regular terms shall qualify and assune the duties of their respective offices on the fJ.rst day of January following their *2 (JM-589) Honorable Mike Driscoll - Page 2

election, or a8 soon thereafter as possible. Persons elected '51 unexpired terms in the various state, district, county and precinct offices shall be entitled to $alify and assume the duties of their respective oEfices immediately upon receiving a certificate of ;lection, which certificate shall be issued imsm~iately following the official canvass of the %ults of the election at which they were electegG and they shall take office as soon thereafter 8% possible. (Emphasis added).

It is clear from even a cursory reading of article 17 that the newly-elected constable shmld qualify (by filing his bond and taking his oath) as quickly as pcssible. As this office noted in Attorney General Opinion MW-521 (1982),

[alrticle 17 clearly provides that only those persons elected to unexpired terms qualify for and assume the dutic!s of their offices immediately upon receiving a certificate of election. Those elected to regula:! terms qualify for office 'on the first day of January following their election, or as soon thereafter as possible.' See, e.g., Ex parte Sanders, 215 S.W.Zd 325 (Tex. 1948); Attorney General Opinions M-742, M-z>7 (1970); O-4994 (1942). We note that article XVI, section 17, OE the Texas Constitution requires that the person presently serving as constable shall remain in office and perform the duties of office until a successor is duly qualified. We further note that an officer, in this instance a justice of the peace, may divest himself of an o:Ifice before his successor has qualified by himself qualifying for and entering upon the duties of another office which he cannot lawfully ho:Ld at the same time. Pruitt v. Glen Rose Independent School District No. 1, 84 S.W.Zd 1004 (Tex. 1935); State ex rel. Peden v. Valentine, 198 S.W. 1006 (Tex. Civ. App. 1917, writ ref'd); Attorney General Opinion M-627 (1970).

Accordingly, we conclude that a justice of the peace who has been elected to serve out the unexpired term of a constable should qualify for and assume office immediately.

SUMMARY A person who is elected to serve out the unexpired term o:i a constable should qualify for and assume office immediately.

Honorable Mike Driscoll - Page 3 (JM-589)

JIM MATTOX Attorney General of Texas JACK BIGHTOWJB

First Assistant Attorney General

MARY KELLER

Executive Assistant Attorney General

RICK GILPIN

Chairman, Opinion Committee

Prepared by Jim Moellinger

Assistant Attorney General