Lead Opinion
Agustín Viola is a farmer and shepherd on the island of . Negros near the southern end of the Philippine archipe-lagian chain. Viola is the son of Hilario Dagoy, a Philippine national who fought for the United States in World War II (71st Field Artillery) and who gave his life in that conflict. Viola sued the Veterans’ Administration for benefits to which he claims he is entitled because of his father’s military service.
The record shows that when the plaintiff was 14 years old, his mother, Maria Viola, had a letter prepared in which she expressed her intention “to apply for death compensation on account of the services rendered by the late veteran HILARIO DAGOY”. The letter explained that the application was being made on behalf of Dagoy’s illegitimate son, Agustín Viola. Srta. Viola signed the letter with a thumbprint and mailed it to the Veterans’ Administration (V. A.) on June 9,1956.
The V.A. responded by sending Srta. Viola an application form for Dependency and Indemnity Compensation. The agency did not send an application for National Service Life Insurance benefits, apparently because the V.A. considered illegitimate children ineligible for insurance benefits at that time. Srta. Viola completed the application form she had received. After a careful investigation, the V.A. confirmed that Agustín Viola was the son of Hilario Dagoy; the agency awarded him Dependency and Indemnity Compensation beginning in 1958.
On May 18, 1961, in the Tranas decision,
We think the V.A. is in error in asserting that Viola’s 1964 letter was his first application for insurance benefits. Rather, the initial application came in Maria Viola’s 1956 request for the benefits due her son. We think that letter, couched in general terms, can only be reasonably interpreted as a request for all benefits to which Agustín Viola was entitled.
Moreover, there were continuing contacts between Agustín Viola and the Veterans’ Administration following Srta. Viola’s initial letter. There was first the patrimonial investigation, which culminated in the award of Dependency and Indemnity Compensation in 1958. Then, in November, 1961 — six months after we issued the Tranas opinion — Vi
We do not suggest here that the Veterans’ Administration had a duty to track down and notify all eligible illegitimate children of veterans following our decision in .Tranas. We do not suggest that the agency was at fault in failing to provide Viola or his mother the forms necessary for filing an insurance claim. But Agustín Viola was not at fault either. “Since the child is not at fault, there is no reason to penalize him. We are not persuaded that Congress thought otherwise.” Tranas, supra, 110 U.S. App.D.C. at 252, 292 F.2d at 745. This conclusion comports with the expansive tenor of case law concerning the National Service Life Insurance program. Decisions in this court and elsewhere
Since we find that Viola’s initial application for National Service Life Insurance benefits was filed prior to his 22nd birthday, we rule that the trial judge erred in granting the government’s motion for judgment on the pleadings. The government has also argued in this court that Viola’s law suit was initiated after the time period for filing such an action had run. Appellant’s request was filed in 1956 and denied sometime in 1965. Since the statute was tolled during this period, the government’s argument is without merit. Timoni v. United States, 135 U.S.App. D.C. 407, 419 F.2d 294 (1969).
Reversed and remanded.
. See 38 U.S.C., Chapt. 13, Subchapt. II (1970 Ed.).
. See 38 U.S.C. § 802(d) (1952) ; 38 U.S.C. § 788 (1970). The government agrees that Hilario Dagoy was covered by the program.
. United States v. Philippine Nat’l Bank, as Guardian of Tranas, 110 U.S.App.D.C. 250, 292 F.2d 743 (1961).
. By his own account, Viola has spent most of his life “in my field in the mountains of Valencia, Negros Oriental, Philippines.” Appellant’s brief at 5.
. 38 U.S.C. § 802(d)(5) (1952).
. This reading is compelled not only by common sense but also by the broadly inclusive statutory definition of what constitutes a valid claim. 38 U.S.C. § 784 (h) (1970).
. United States v. Philippine Nat’l Bank, 110 U.S.App.D.C. 250, 251, 282, 292 F.2d 743, 744-745 (1961). See also Philippine Nat’l Bank v. United States, 112 U.S. App.D.C. 126, 128, 300 F.2d 718, 720 (1962) ; United States v. Zazove, 334 U.S. 602, 68 S.Ct. 1284, 92 L.Ed. 1601 (1942) ; United States v. Vandver, 232 F.2d 398 (6th Cir. 1956).
. The government did not attempt to make much of this argument; but the fact that it was raised at all1 in the face of direct authority in this court to the contrary seems to indicate the same “intransigent attitude” in this area of law for which Judge Holtzoff criticized the government in Rodulfa v. United States, 295 F.Supp. 28, 30 (D.D.C.1969).
. We note that Viola’s attorney has asked this court for an award of fee under 38 U.S.C. § 784(g) (1970). We leave the determination of the appropriate fee to the trial court on the remand. Moran v. Veterans’ Administration, 115 F.Supp. 640, 642 (E.D.Mich.1963) ; Rodulfa v. United States, 295 F.Supp. 28 (D.D.C. 1969).
Dissenting Opinion
(dissenting):
My inability to concur in the majority opinion is based upon my conclusion that my brethren set forth an excuse rather than a reason for their reversal of the district court. The governing statute, 38 U.S.C. § 802(d)(5) (1952 edition), is exact, precise and final in providing that any applicant for death benefits “may make such application at any time within one year after the removal of such disability.” Since appellant’s infant status terminated on May 7, 1963, he obviously was required to “make such application” no later than May 7, 1964. He did not do so and the Congress has mandated that he thereby forfeited whatever claim he had to these benefits.
With a nobility of purpose but without authority in law the majority create a solution of their own for what they obviously consider is an unfortunate situation. Despite my admiration for the suppleness of adaptation which makes their end result possible, I feel it is reached only by ignoring the validity of legal principles. Recognizing that as jurists we are engaged in a never-ending
The majority opinion with a jaunty confidence utilizes a Janus faced “generous attitude toward eligible beneficiaries” and “humane and patriotic purposes” in reaching a point at which it is impossible to arrive by the statutory provisions. Apparently this route is pursued in the vain hope that somehow the result is within the perimeter of Chief Justice John Marshall’s “it must be on the general spirit and object of the law, not on [its] letter.” Grant v. Raymond, 31 U.S. (6 Peters) 217, 240, 8 L.Ed. 376 (1832).
Again acknowledging the charitable motivation of the majority, I must conclude that the result is completely indifferent to the governing law. I would affirm.
