William L. Rutledge and Velora A. Rutledge, appellants, hereinafter designated plaintiffs, filed a complaint in inverse eminent domain seeking compensation for loss of access to their land in Superior Court, Pima County, against the State of Arizona on November 26, 1962. Plaintiffs appeal from the granting of a motion for summary judgment in favor of the state.
Plaintiffs are the owners of Lot 14, Block 9, Sunset Villa Addition, Tucson, Arizona. On June 8, 1954, the state completed construction of a portion of a controlled-access freeway. The northeast edge of the freeway right-of-way is immediately adjacent to the southwest corner of plaintiffs’ land, as indicated by the following diagram of the property and its relationship to adjacent streets and the freeway:
Thirty-ninth Street going west was intercepted and blocked by the freeway, as shown by the following aerial photograph, and between Ninth and Eighth Avenues dedicated but not developed. Ninth Avenue was also dedicated but not developed. The
“ * * * [T]hat Defendant’s motion for summary judgment in favor of Defendant is granted for the reason that Plaintiffs’ cause of action arose on or before June 8, 1954 but their Complaint was not filed until November 26, 1962 so that there being no allegation of direct physical invasion of Plaintiff’s property, Plaintiffs’ cause of action is barred by A.R.S. Sec. 18-158.”
Section 18-158, Arizona Revised Statutes, provides:
“Actions against state concerning lands taken or damaged in construction of highway; limitation
“An action brought to recover possession of or to clear title to real property claimed by the state, or any legal subdivision thereof, as a public highway, or an action brought to recover compensation or damage for property taken or damaged in or for the construction of a public highway, shall be commenced within two years after the cause of action has accrued and not afterwards.”
It is the contention of plaintiffs that A.R.S. § 18-158 is in conflict with Article II, Section 17, of the Arizona Constitution, A.R.S., and is therefore unconstitutional.
“§ 17. Eminent domain; just compensation for private property taken; public use as judicial question
“Section 17. * * * No private property shall be taken or damaged for public * * * use without just compensation having first been made, or paid into court for the owner, and no right of way shall be appropriated to the use of any corporation other than municipal, until full compensation therefor be first made in money, or ascertained and paid into court for the owner, * *
The question presented is whether the alleged damage to plaintiffs’ property was such as would come within the constitutional provision requiring that “[n]o private property shall be taken or damaged for public * * * use without just compensation having first been made, or paid inte court for the owner * * It is the contention of plaintiffs that the building of the highway in question constituted a taking of their easement of ingress and egress. It is evident from the diagram and aerial photograph of the property that, since plaintiffs could not proceed west on Thirty-
We held, in State ex rel. Morrison v. Thelberg,
“ * * * The rule to the contrary, supported by the weight of authority, is based upon the fact that an abutting propery owner to a highway has an easement of ingress and egress to and from his property which constitutes a property right. Our State Constitution, Art. 2 § 17, A.R.S., prohibits the taking or damaging of private property for public use without just compensation. It follows that the State can neither take nor damage said easement of ingress or egress of an abutting property owner without just compensation.”87 Ariz. at 324 ,350 P.2d at 991 .
It will be noted, in the instant case, that the right of ingress and egress on Thirty-Ninth Street, which plaintiffs’ property abuts, was not taken or damaged. There was no physical invasion of plaintiffs’ property. We have held there is no compensable damage to an abutting property owner resulting from limitation of the direction of traffic flow to one way. Rayburn v. State,
Plaintiffs contend that A.R.S. § 18-158 is unconstitutional, stating it is in conflict with Article II, § 17, which provides that no private property shall he taken or damaged for public use without just compensation having first been made, or paid into court. In Maricopa County Municipal Water Conservation District No. 1 v. Warford,
The question presented in the instant case is whether the state may limit the time in which an action for incidental damages may be brought. Although nearly all the eminent domain statutes in this state were adopted from California (City of Phoenix v. Donofrio,
The Washington Supreme Court was faced with a situation similar to that presented in the instant case in Ackerman v. Port of Seattle,
“ * * * We have held that an action for constitutional taking is not barred by any statute of limitations and may be brought at any time before title to the property taken is acquired by prescription. The prescriptive period in thisstate has been held to be ten years. [Cases cited.] * * *
“Admittedly, we have indicated that where property is not actually appropriated, but is merely damaged, the three-year statute of limitations (RCW 4.16.-080(3) ) might well be applicable. [Cases cited.] This court has never recognised the doctrine of acquisition of a prescriptive right to commit damage to property in the absence of an actual physical invasion of the property. Therefore, to prevent stale claims, a reasonable statute of limitations may be applied as to even a constitutional right, as was suggested in Kincaid v. City of Seattle, 1913,74 Wash. 617 ,134 P. 504 ,135 P. 820 . The three-year statute of limitations suggested in the above-cited cases seems to us reasonable. Thus, we hold that, with respect to the appellants’ allegations of incidental damaging caused by airplanes warming up on the airport runways, the three-year statute of limitations constitutes a bar, accord Cheskov v. Port of Seattle, 1960, [55 Wash.2d 416 ],348 P.2d 673 .” (Emphasis supplied)348 P.2d at 667
Since, in the instant case, there was no actual invasion of the plaintiffs’ property, and, as we have pointed out, the alleged damage was incidental to the building of the highway, the case supports the position of the state that the two-year limitation is applicable. The legislature may impose a reasonable time within which an action must be brought to recover damages recoverable under a constitutional provision. Kincaid v. City of Seattle,
Judgment affirmed.
