delivered the opinion of the Court.
Jаmes Henry White was convicted by a jury of forcible rape. C.R.S. 1963, 40-2-25. The defendant is here by writ of errоr, following denial of his motion for new trial. Counsel here did not represent the defendant in the triаl court.
The issue before the jury was whether or not the intercourse was forcible or consensual.
The material facts are brief. The entire episode, which consumed about оne hour near midnight, commenced in a laundromat in Colorado Springs. The victim and a neighbor woman were in the process of completing their mission when the defendant, who was 6’6” tall, walked in, put his arm around the victim’s neck and escorted her to his car. The victim’s companion rаn to a nearby motel to call the police.
After a brief struggle in the car, .during which the defеndant struck the victim in the mouth a time or two, he drove to a remote area near the Broadmoor Zoo where the rape occurred. In the course of the rape the defendant forced the victim to commit another act, which is likewise a felony.
The sole ground for reversal is that the trial court failed to give the jury an instruction in reference to the limited purpose for which the evidence of the forcible abduction and the other sеxual act were admissible. It is the defendant’s contention that this was evidence of other сrimes. He contends that' it “would indicate a violation of Section 40-2-44, C.R.S. 1963, the section which makеs kidnapping a felony,” and the “act of sodomy, which would constitute a felony under Section 40-2-31, C.R.S. 1963.”
The defendant relies on
Stull v. People,
*388 To the attorney general’s response that the defendant made no contemporaneous objection to the introduction of the testimony, nor a request for a limiting instruction, either at the time or when the case went to the jury, thе defendant asserts that it is fundamental error “of such a prejudicial nature that the trial cоurt was obliged on its own motion to give such an instruction.”
As indicated at the outset of this opinion, thе defendant did not contest any of the facts in the victim’s evidence except as to hеr statement that she was compelled by force, threats of force, and fear resulting therefrom to submit to the sexual acts involved. In short, it was the theory of his defense that the victim aсcompanied him voluntarily and participated willingly in the sexual acts. Defendant even admits striking the victim in the face, but ascribes it to a racial slur. All of the acts which the defendant says wеre evidence of other crimes were a part of the res gestae. The disclosure of the faсts surrounding the commission of the offense were proper in order to place the сonsummation of the crime charged in proper perspective. The force usеd to take the victim from the laundromat to the defendant’s car, as well as the cuffing around and force exerted during the trip to the scene of the crime were part of the cоnduct of the defendant which put the victim in fear of her life and caused her to particiрate in the acts against her will.
The law of this state for a long time has recognized an exception to the rule that evidence of other crimes is inadmissible. In 1908, in
Jaynes v. People,
“The general rule is that evidence is not admissible which shows or tends to show that the accused has committed a crime wholly independent of the offense for which he is on trial. It is not proper to raise a presumption оf guilt on the ground that, having committed one crime, the depravity it exhibits makes it likely he would commit аnother. The reason for the rule is that no person shall be convicted of an offensе by proving that he is guilty of another. ... To this rule, however, there are exceptions, as where the evidence of *389 another offense tends to prove some element of the one for which the accused is being tried,.. .” (Emphasis added.)
Here the “kidnapping,” the assaults, and the other sexual act tended to prove the force element of rape. These “other crimes” were not wholly independent of the offense charged and, therefore, were properly admitted.
In
Coates v. People,
The judgment is affirmed.
MR. JUSTICE LEE not participating.
