W. Va. Code § 55-7-32 – Liability for employee negligence in actions involving commercial motor vehicles.

(a) As used in this section:
"Commercial motor vehicle" means as defined in §17E-1-3(7) (A), (B), and (D) of this code, and also includes a truck tractor, road tractor, trailer, semitrailer, and pole trailer as defined in §17A-1-1 of this code. For purposes of this section, "commercial motor vehicle" does not include a vehicle serving as a common carrier of passengers, a commercial motor vehicle as defined in §17E-1-3(7)(C) of this code, a school bus as defined in §17E-1-3(33) of this code, or other vehicle that is primarily engaged in transporting passengers.
"Employer defendant" means (A) the owner of a commercial motor vehicle; (B) the employer of the person operating a commercial motor vehicle; or (C) any other person or entity that owns, leases, rents, or otherwise holds or exercises legal control over a commercial motor vehicle or operator of a commercial motor vehicle.
"Operation" means driving, operating, or being in physical control of a commercial motor vehicle in any place open to the general public for purposes of vehicular traffic.
(b) In any civil action for personal injury or wrongful death involving the operation of a commercial motor vehicle requiring a commercial driver’s license, the maximum amount recoverable by each person injured or killed against the employer defendant of a commercial motor vehicle as compensatory damages for noneconomic loss may not exceed $5 million for each occurrence, regardless of the number of claims or theories of liability.
(c) The limitation on noneconomic damages contained in subsection (b) of this section is not available to any employer defendant that does not have commercial motor vehicle insurance in the aggregate amount of at least $3 million for each occurrence covering the personal injury that is the subject of the action.
(d) This section does not apply if the civil action involving a commercial motor vehicle arises from an incident for which an operator or driver is found to have:
1. (1) At the time of the incident, operated a commercial motor vehicle with an alcohol concentration of .04 or more as defined in §17E-1-14 of this code;
2. (2) Following the incident, refused to submit to testing required under §17E-1-15 of this code;
3. (3) At the time of the incident, operated a commercial motor vehicle under the influence of any controlled substance, other drug, or inhalant substance;
4. (4) At the time of the incident, operated a commercial motor vehicle in excess of the hours of operation established under state or federal regulations;
5. (5) At the time of the incident, operated a commercial motor vehicle in willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property;
6. (6) At the time of the incident, operated a commercial motor vehicle loaded in excess of the maximum gross vehicle weight rating established under state or federal regulations, not including when an operator or driver is legally operating the vehicle according to permit issued under §17C-17-11 of this code; or
7. (7) At the time of the incident, operated a commercial motor vehicle while engaging in one or more of the acts that constitute distracted driving as set forth in §17C-14-15(e) of this code.
(e) On January 1, 2026, and in each year thereafter, the limitation on compensatory damages for noneconomic loss contained in subsection (b) of this section shall increase to account for inflation by an amount equal to the Consumer Price Index published by the United States Department of Labor, not to exceed 150 percent of the amounts specified in said subsection.
(f) This section shall be effective on July 1, 2024, and shall only apply to causes of action arising after the effective date.