The Commissioner shall:

1. 1. Have general supervision and control of the Department;
2. 2. Enforce the provisions of this title and shall cause to be prosecuted all violations of law relating to employers or business establishments before any court of competent jurisdiction;
3. 3. Make such rules and regulations as may be necessary for the enforcement of this title and procedural rules as are required to comply with the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (P.L. 91-596). All such rules and regulations shall be subject to Chapter 40 (§ 2.2-4000 et seq.) of Title 2.2;
4. 4. In the discharge of his duties, have power to take and preserve testimony, examine witnesses, and administer oaths and to file a written or printed list of relevant interrogatories and require full and complete answers to the same to be returned under oath within 30 days of the receipt of such list of questions;
5. 5. Have power to appoint such representatives as may be necessary to aid the Commissioner in his work, with the duties of such representatives to be prescribed by the Commissioner;

6. 6. Determine the prevailing wage required to be paid under a public contract for public works as provided in § 2.2-4321.3 and perform all other duties imposed on the Commissioner under such section. Any determination of the prevailing wage rate made by the Commissioner shall be based on a survey of wages and benefits paid in each area, as defined in § 2.2-4321.3, conducted once every three years. Prevailing wage rates shall be determined for each construction type, as defined in § 2.2-4321.3, pursuant to this subdivision. For the purposes of this subdivision, "area" and "construction type" have the same meanings as provided in § 2.2-4321.3.

   1. a. For the purposes of making wage determinations, the Commissioner shall conduct a continuing program to obtain and compile wage rate information. In determining prevailing wage rates at the time of issuing a wage determination, the Commissioner shall use the same definition of "prevailing wage" as provided in 29 C.F.R. § 1.2 as of January 20, 2026, and the requirements of this subdivision.
   2. b. The Commissioner shall encourage voluntary submission of wage rate data by contractors, contractors' associations, labor organizations, public officials, and other interested parties, reflecting wage rates paid to laborers and mechanics for various construction types in the area. The Commissioner may also obtain data from state agencies on wage rates paid for construction projects under their jurisdiction, and such data shall reflect the wage rates paid to employees for a particular construction type in the area, the construction types for which such rate or rates shall be paid, and whether such wage rates were paid pursuant to the provisions of § 2.2-4321.3.
   3. c. The following information may be considered by the Commissioner in determining a prevailing wage rate: (i) statements showing wage rates paid on projects, including the names and addresses of contractors and subcontractors; (ii) statements showing the locations, approximate costs, dates of construction, and construction types and projects; (iii) statements showing the number of workers employed in each classification on each project and the respective wage rates paid to such workers; (iv) signed collective bargaining agreements, for which the Commissioner may request that the parties to such agreements submit statements certifying their scope and application; (v) prevailing wage rates determined pursuant to the Virginia Public Procurement Act (§ 2.2-4300 et seq.); and (vi) relevant information obtained from the Department of Transportation.
   4. d. The Commissioner may obtain or supplement information pursuant to this section on a voluntary basis by any means deemed necessary, including through holding hearings.
   5. e. In determining the prevailing wage rate, the Commissioner may treat variable wage rates paid by a contractor or subcontractor to workers within the same wage classification as the same wage rate if the variable wage rates are functionally equivalent, as explained in one or more collective bargaining agreements or written policies otherwise maintained by a contractor or subcontractor;
7. 7. Have power to require that accident, injury, and occupational illness records and reports be kept at any place of employment and that such records and reports be made available to the Commissioner or his duly authorized representatives upon request, and to require employers to develop, maintain, and make available such other records and information as are deemed necessary for the proper enforcement of this title;

8. 8. Have power, upon presenting appropriate credentials to the owner, operator, or agent in charge:

   1. a. To enter without delay and at reasonable times any business establishment, construction site, or other area, workplace, or environment where work is performed by an employee of any employer in this Commonwealth; and
   2. b. To inspect and investigate, during regular working hours and at other reasonable times and within reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner, without prior notice unless such notice is authorized by the Commissioner or his representative, any such business establishment or place of employment and all pertinent conditions, structures, machines, apparatus, devices, equipment, and materials therein, and to question privately any such employer, officer, owner, operator, agent, or employee. If such entry or inspection is refused, prohibited, or otherwise interfered with, the Commissioner shall have power to seek from a court having equity jurisdiction an order compelling such entry or inspection;
9. 9. Make rules and regulations governing the granting of temporary or permanent variances from all standards promulgated by the Board under this title. Any interested or affected party may appeal to the Board, the Commissioner's determination to grant or deny such a variance. The Board may, as it sees fit, adopt, modify, or reject the determination of the Commissioner;
10. 10. Have authority to issue orders to protect the confidentiality of all information reported to or otherwise obtained by the Commissioner, the Board, or the agents or employees of either that contains or might reveal a trade secret. Such information shall be confidential and shall be limited to those persons who need such information for purposes of enforcement of this title. Violations of such orders shall be punishable as civil contempt upon application to the Circuit Court of the City of Richmond. It shall be the duty of each employer to notify the Commissioner or his representatives of the existence of trade secrets where he desires the protection provided herein; and
11. 11. Serve as executive officer of the Virginia Safety and Health Codes Board and see that the rules, regulations, and policies that the Board promulgates are carried out.

Code 1950, § 40-4; 1962, c. 66; 1970, c. 321; 1972, c. 567; 1973, c. 425; 1984, cc. 590, 734; 1987, c. 165; 1997, c. 919; 1998, c. 97; 2004, c. 592; 2020, cc. 1216, 1243; 2026, cc. 662, 1014, 1060.