1. A. As used in this section:

   "Bus rapid transit" means a rubber-tired bus transit system with features such as frequent service, dedicated lanes, traffic signal priority, and enhanced stations.

   "Designated area" means any parcel located within one-half mile of the entrance to a mass transit or public transportation station or facility. For purposes of this definition, "mass transit or public transportation station or facility" means a building or enhanced structure where members of the general public board or disembark mass transit or public transportation.

   "Mass transit or public transportation" means passenger transportation on a fixed route by rubber-tired, rail, or other surface conveyance providing shared-ride service to the general public on a regular and continuing basis, including bus rapid transit or other high-capacity transit service as identified by the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation. "Mass transit or public transportation" does not include school buses, microtransit, charter or sight-seeing services, a vehicular ferry service that serves as a link in the highway network, or a human service agency or other client-restricted transportation.

   "Microtransit" means a flexible, on-demand, dynamically routed shared-ride passenger transportation service that operates similarly to traditional public transit but with greater adaptability to individual trip needs.

2. B. Any locality that has adopted a zoning ordinance pursuant to this chapter shall not require, as a condition of zoning approval, minimum off-street parking for residential, multifamily, or mixed-use development located within a designated area in amounts exceeding the following:

   1. 1. One-half of one parking space per dwelling unit for multifamily or mixed-use residential development; and
   2. 2. One parking space per dwelling unit for one-family and two-family dwellings and townhouses.
3. C. No locality shall adopt or enforce any provision of a zoning ordinance that imposes minimum off-street parking requirements for residential, multifamily, or mixed-use development located within a designated area in excess of the limitations set forth in subsection B.
4. D. Any locality with a population greater than 600,000 may by ordinance impose off-street parking requirements exceeding the limits in subsections B and C for residential, multifamily, or mixed-use development within one-half mile of a locality-managed fixed-route bus stop, provided that the ordinance includes an administrative process allowing an applicant, in connection with a pending rezoning, special exception, proffered condition amendment, site plan, or subdivision plat, to obtain a reduction of at least 25 percent in minimum off-street parking requirements for such development within 1,000 feet of such bus stop. An administrative reduction shall be granted upon the applicant's demonstration that (i) all dwelling units serve households at or below 70 percent of area median income, using income averaging; (ii) due to the unique characteristics of the site or uses on the site, the spaces proposed to be eliminated are unnecessary or infeasible; or (iii) a written shared parking agreement ensures availability of equivalent spaces within 1,000 feet of the subject property.
5. E. Any locality with a population greater than 20,000 shall, by ordinance, establish an administrative review process in which developers may request a reduction of minimum off-street parking requirements of not less than 20 percent for residential, multifamily, or mixed-use development proposed on parcels not located within a designated area. The ordinance shall include criteria to determine eligibility for, and prescribe procedures for the submission and review of, the administrative reduction authorized by this subsection.

2026, c. 1075.