For purposes of this chapter—

1. (1) The term “Native American” means an Indian, Native Hawaiian, or Native American Pacific Islander.
2. (2) The term “Indian” has the meaning given to such term under section 7491(3) of title 20.
3. (3) The term “Native Hawaiian” has the meaning given to such term by section 7517 of title 20.
4. (4) The term “Native American Pacific Islander” means any descendent of the aboriginal people of any island in the Pacific Ocean that is a territory or possession of the United States.
5. (5) The terms “Indian tribe” and “tribal organization” have the respective meaning given to each of such terms under section 5304 of this title.
6. (6) The term “Native American language” means the historical, traditional languages spoken by Native Americans.
7. (7) The term “traditional leaders” includes Native Americans who have special expertise in Native American culture and Native American languages.
8. (8) The term “Indian reservation” has the same meaning given to the term “reservation” under section 1452 of this title.

(Pub. L. 101–477, title I, § 103, Oct. 30, 1990, 104 Stat. 1154; Pub. L. 104–109, § 11, Feb. 12, 1996, 110 Stat. 765; Pub. L. 107–110, title VII, § 702(f), Jan. 8, 2002, 115 Stat. 1947; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, § 9215(iii), Dec. 10, 2015, 129 Stat. 2187.)

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2015—Par. (2). Pub. L. 114–95, § 9215(iii)(1), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7491(3) of title 20.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 114–95, § 9215(iii)(2), made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7517 of title 20.

2002—Par. (2). Pub. L. 107–110, § 702(f)(1), substituted “section 7491(3) of title 20” for “section 7881(4) of title 20”.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 107–110, § 702(f)(2), substituted “section 7517 of title 20” for “section 7912(1) of title 20”.

1996—Par. (2). Pub. L. 104–109, § 11(1), substituted “section 7881(4) of title 20” for “section 2651(4) of this title”.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 104–109, § 11(2), substituted “section 7912(1) of title 20” for “section 4909 of title 20”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of Title 20, Education.

Effective Date of 2002 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 107–110 effective Jan. 8, 2002, except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6301 of Title 20, Education.